2020年上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编答案解析与点睛(27页)

1、2020 年上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编阅读理解 A 篇III. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the inf

2、ormation given in the passage you have just read.AI ve become increasingly concerned about the linguistic sloppiness of the average worker, and not those who have learned English as a second language but native English speakers, regardless of income level, schooling or other determining factors.The

3、number of people who read seems to be decreasing. The digital world has become the preferred baby sitter for children and the most effective way for adults to comfort themselves after a day s work. Teacand underpaid, seem to be fighting a losing battle or are some prolonging it?These days I see glar

4、ing grammatical errors on re sum 6 s and cover letters, websites, signs, emails regardlmanagement skills or income level. Job hunters write asking me for“ advise ” . People who are in the johoping to be invited in for an interview, write some of these, and the paperwork is full of punctuation and gr

5、ammatical mistakes. Were they careless? Or do they not know? Maybe it doesn t matter. Maybe the hirdoesn t know the difference either.The other day I saw the back of a company shirt that said:“ providing quality service since 10 years.shirt? How many were printed and are worn by employees who walk a

6、round advertising that their company has someone in an upper-level management position who didn t catch the error or, worse yet, didn t knowLast week a senior level manager emailed me. He confused“ its ” and “ it s ” in three different planother example: I do product testing for a research panel. Th

7、e product came with a slip of paper that said: commitment covers not discussing this product or it s usage with others outside your home.”Here s what really bugs me: a rule that seems to have come into effect if in doubt, add an aposthas happened is that people all over America have lost the underst

8、anding of the difference between plural and possessive.Your r e sume s and your cover letter are not just a summary of your background. They are not just an introduction of you when you hope to be considered for an interview. First and foremost, it is a brochure, and it is selling a product,and the

9、product is you. If you wouldn t go to an interview in blue jeans, don t send your cover lettmistakes to a prospective employer.Don t rely on Microsoft Word s ABC/grammar checker. It isn t able to detect if a word is spelled correc used out of context. The grammar checker won t help you unless you ha

10、ve a fundamental understanding of grammato begin with. In fact, if you defer to the grammar checker s advice, you ll probably increase your number of mistakes.An excellent reference book to keep on hand is The Elements of Grammar by Margaret Shertzer. In“ WordsOften Confused ” , it clarifies the dif

11、ferences between pairs of words such as“well/good andDon t tell yourself it doesn t matter. Above all, don t tell yourself that everyone speaks poorly thesethe hiring authority won t know or care. The ability to communicate, written and spoken, is of utmost importancecertainly in business. And it on

12、ly becomes more valuable as fewer people are able to demonstrate it.1. The examples cited in paragraphs 4 and 5 are intended to illustrate.A. the employees are proud of their companyB. to err is humanC. holding senior positions doesn t guarantee correct usage of languageD. managers are so busy as to

13、 be careless with their language2. According to the author, when American people are not sure whether to useit B. use the latterA. use the formerC. ask the author for adviceD. turn to Microsoft Word3. The underlined word defer can be best replaced by.A. consultB. followC. objectD. yield4. Which of t

14、he following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Going to a job interview in smart jeans is better than sending re sum e s with mistakeB. Microsoft Words spelling checker cannot always spot a mistake because it has a limited vocabulary.C. Some teachers are themselves using language inc

15、orrectly.D. The hiring authorities care about linguistic correctness and act as role models.【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者阐述了现在在美国很多人的写作能力很差，如今，在简历、求职信、网站、标牌、电子邮件上看到了明显的语法错误。【1 题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段（高管人员没有发现公司员工衬衫上的语言错误）和第五段（高管自己书写都有错误）的内容可知，这些高管人员自己都没有发现错误，由此可推断出，不是说职位高语言运用就准确，故选 C 。【 2 题详解】细节理解题

16、。根据第五段的 The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers notdiscussing this product or it s usage with others outsideyOUT ,hOme们分不清it s or 时，1isr用前者 ， 故选 A 。【 3 题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文提到语法检查器不会帮助你，除非你有一个基本的语法理解开始，可知，此句句意为：事实上，如果你听从语法检查人员的建议，你可能会增加错误的数量。 A. consult 咨询； B. follow 跟随； C.

17、 object 反对； D. yield 屈服。 yield to 屈服，顺从。结合四个选项，故选 D 。【 4 题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的 These days I see glaring grammatical errors on re sume s and cover letters, websites,signs, emails regardless of management skills or income level. 如今，我在简历、求职信、网站、标牌、电子邮件上看到了明显的语法错误，不管你的管理技能或收入水平如何，由此可推测出，作者认为可能老师们也会使用不正确的语言，故

18、选 C。III. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage

19、you have just read.The summer I turned 16 , my father gave me his 69 Chevy Malibu convertibe车）. Beautifully repainted with V - 8 engine it was a gift wasted on me at that age . What did I know about classic cars ? The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down

20、.Hannah was my best friend , a year younger but much taller , almost five foot ten . Hannahs going to be something, my mother always said . And sure enough , that summer she signed with a modeling agency .She was already doing catalog and runway work .A month after my birthday , Hannah and I went to

21、 the movies . On the way home , we stopped at the McDonalds drive through, putting the fries on the seat between us to share Lets ride around awhile , I said. It was a clear night, oven warm, full moon cast low over the desert. Taking a curve too fast, I hit a patch of dirt and slid from side to sid

22、e . I then cut through a neighbors landscape wall and drove into a full grown palm . The front wheels came to rest halfway up the tree trunk. French fries on the floor, the dash, and my lap. An impossible amount of blood on Hannahs face, pieces of skin hanging into her eyes. They took us in separate

23、 ambulances In the emergency room , my parents spoke quietly : Best plastic surgeon in the city . End of her modeling career .Wed been wearing leg belts, but the car didnt have shoulder bands. Id damaged my cheekbone on the wheel; Hannahs forehead had split wide open on the dash What would I say to

24、her? When her mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room , I started to cry, preparing myself for her anger. She sat beside me and took my hand I hit my best friends car in the rear when I was your age, she said. I wrecked her car and mine. Im so sorry , I said, Youre both alive , she said, The rest

25、 is windowdressing . I started to protest, and Sharon stopped me. I forgive you . Hannah will too .Sharons forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer, to stay friends throughout high school and college , to be in each others weddings, and to watch my four teenagers

26、 get along with her three younger children. I think of her gift of forgiveness every time Im tempted to blame someone in a secret for something recognized as wrong. And whenever I see Hannah, the scars are so faded that no one else would notice but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer （

27、微光）just below her hairline for me, a sign of grace.5. Which of the following about Hannah is TRUE according to the passage ?A. She was not as badly injured as the author.B. She never really forgave me though her mother did .C. She learned the gift of forgiveness through the accident .D. She could ha

28、ve been a model if she hadnt experienced the accident.6. In paragraph 4, window dressing is closest in meaning to ,A. insignificantB. colorfulC. undeterminedD. hopeful7. According to the passage, Sharon comforted the author by.A. showing her own scarB. mentioning her own storyC. visiting the author

29、in personD. teaching the author a personal lesson8. Which of the following might be the best title of the article ?A. A Graceful FriendB. A Lasting FriendshipC. A Lucky Car AccidentD. The Gift of Forgiveness【答案】5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友开车出了车祸，朋友和她妈妈对作者的谅解让作者终生受益。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第

30、二段中 that summer she signed with a modeling agency. She was already doingcatalog and runway work.和第五段的 In the emergency room, my parents spoke quietly: Best plastic surgeon inthe city. End of her modeling career.可知，Hannsh已经和模特公司签约，这次事故结束了她的模特生涯，即如果没有这次事故，她本可以成为模特的，故选D。6 题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文汉娜的妈妈说的话“You reb

31、oth alive ”可知，此处应是表达：你们俩都活着，其它的都不重要了，结合四个选项： A.insignificant 不重要的 ； B. colorful 多彩的； C. undetermined 为确定D. hopeful 有希望的，故选 A 。7 题详解】I hit my best friends car in the rear when I was细节理解题。根据第七段的 She sat beside me and took my hand.your age, she said. KWIIIIIIKr her car aOmin金haron是给作者讲述自己曾发生的一件类似的经历，8

32、题详解】A。主旨大意题。文章开头讲述可作者和朋友开车出了事故，最后作者朋友的妈妈对作者的宽恕让作者在今后的人生里每每要责备别人时都会想起Sharon 的宽恕， 这种宽恕对作者来说是一种礼物， 因此本文的标题用“宽恕的礼物”非常合适，故选 B。【点睛】阅读理解常从细节理解，推理判断，主旨大意，词义猜测四个方面出题。推理判断类题信息含量 大， 可能是文中的某句话也可能是几句话， 要求考生在原文的基础上对文章中的信息进行分析、 逻辑推理， 揭示其深层含义，属于难度较高的题型。它常常从细节推断；文章来源或对象类推断；写作意图类推断和态度倾向类推断四个方向进行考查。推理判断题常用的方法有1. 抓住特定的

33、信息进行正向或逆向推理。 2.整合全文信息进行推断。 3. 根据上下文的逻辑进行推理得出结论。在做题中要注意那些张冠李戴、颠倒是非、无中生有、曲解文意、扩缩范围的干扰项。本文中的第1 小题属于推理判断题，第 1 小题是细节推断题，需要文中给定的信息进行正向推断，需要结合文中第二段和第五段两处的细节进行推断。III. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished stat

34、ements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AMeasles（麻疹）,which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ag

35、o by the universal use of the MMR vaccine（ 疫苗 ）. But the disease is making a comeback,caused by a growing anti -vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might s

36、ound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates arevery high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babyoung to get

37、 vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek afree ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the co

38、untry from Orange County, California,where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17 -year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly

39、 make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out（ 决定不参加） of what are supposed to berequired vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption （豁免 ）, sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally objec

40、t to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enoughto limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Notgood enough. Everyone enjoys the life -saving

41、 benefits vaccines provide, but they ll exist only as long as everyonshares in the risks.9. The first two paragraphs suggest that .A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD.

42、information about measles spreads quickly10. Herd immunity works well when .A. exemptions are allowedB. several vaccines are used togetherC the whole neighborhood is involved inD. new regulations are added to the state laws11. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A. The overuse of vac

43、cine.B. The lack of medical care.C. The features of measles itself.D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.12. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To discuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in med

44、ical treatment.【答案】 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，并解释了为什么会发生这样的情况。【 9 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangeroustrend.麻疹患者的数量虽然小，但是他们却是一种危险趋势的前沿，故选 A。【 10 题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole her

45、d joins in. 可知只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，故选 C。【 11 题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti -vaccine movement andmisinformation that is spreading quickly. 可知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选 D。【 12 题详解】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目

46、的是强调疫苗的作用，选 C。【点睛】作者态度及写作意图推断每一篇文章都会包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现。此类题可细分为作者态度题（表明作者的好恶）和作者观点题（表明作者对某事物的看法）。准确把握作者的情感和态度，需要注意以下几点：1 .作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。2 .漠不关心类词语往往不对,既然写文章就不会不关心。3 .不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。4 .当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性来判断。5 .作者的观点一般与文章的主

47、旨相关联。6 .绝对化或语气过于强烈的选项常常是错误的,如 :strong, complete, entire 等。比如小题 4 考查文章的写作目的， 本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害， 以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，故选C。III. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements

48、. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Sandra Boynton, a children s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild! , for exam

49、ple, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children s books, have you noticed anything that really sparkschild s imaginatio

50、n?I think maybe there s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us.We re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our senseof touch. We re curious about the world as it is, and we re curious ab

51、out what could be. Imagination followpretty naturally.It doesn t feel to me like it s been a long time that I ve been drawing and writing things. It doesnshort time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I m a permanent Kindergartner, I guessYou often take a threatening figure like a

52、Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from w

53、riting kids books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It s adulthood that s still perplexing. I wmost children s book writers are that way. I m really writing books and making music- sfoerlfm.ByuotwI n child mcertainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other tha

54、n just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My backgrou

55、nd istheater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content that-like andbook-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I m p

56、roud of them. But now,seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.13. What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It lasts for lo

57、ng in a permanent kindergartner.14. When writing children s books, Sandra .A. finds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a child s place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesn t need to find another job15. Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were .A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both the