考点14倒装结构-2018年中考英语语法考点纵览可打印.doc

1、中考英语语法考点纵览14 倒装结构一、倒装概述1、倒装的定义：由于句子结构的需要或为了表示强调，把全部谓语或者部分谓语置于主语前面的结构形式,称之为倒装句。2、倒装的分类：完全倒装：谓语动词完全移到主语之前。部分倒装：只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。二、倒装结构考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：倒装句的作用和意义考点1:适应一定语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。典型例句May I come in? 我可以进来吗？Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927神国人民解放军是 1927 年成立的吗？考点2:为了强调某一部分

2、，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。典型例句Never have I been late for school this term.这学期我从来没有迟到过。So early did he come to school that no other students came. 他来学校如此的早以至丁还 没有学生来。考点二：完全倒装结构（只用于一般现在时和一般过去时）考点 1: here, there, out, in, up, down, off等表地点、万位的副词或介词词组位于句首时，用完全倒装。典型例句Here s Tom姆在这里。Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。There

3、goes the bell. 铃响了。Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。There are some books on the table.桌上有几本书 .Among these peo

4、ple was his friend Jim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。注意：主语是代词时，不用倒装。Here you are.给你。There she goes.他去那里了。考点2： now, then等表示时间的副词放在句首时，用完全倒装结构。典型例句Now comes our turn. 现在轮到我们了。Then came the firemen. 后来消防员来了。考点3:分词放在句首时，用完全倒装结构。典型例句Gone are t

5、he days when the working people suffered from cold andhunger.工人们挨冻挨饿的日子已经过去了。Attending the meeting are all the members of the committee. 所有的 居委会成员都参加了会议。考点三:部分倒装结构考点1：部分倒装指将谓语的部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至书语之前而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词 do, does或did ,并将其置于主语之前。考点 2： 否定副词 never, hardly, seldom, little, few,

6、not until, not, not only, no sooner,no longer, nowhere, by no means 等置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。典型例句Never have I seen read such a book.我从未读过那样的书。Not until twelve oclock did she go to bed last night .她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。Seldom does he go out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭。Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。Littl

7、e does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明 白这个会议的重要性。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚至U机场 ，飞机就起飞了。考点 3:含有 no 的副词短语如：in no way, by no means, in no case, at no time,under/in no circumstances, on no condition等置千句首时也要侄M装。典型例句By no means should you tell him abo

8、ut it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In (Under) no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他.In no time did he work out the problem. 他马上就算出 了 那道题。考点4： only加状语(副词/介词短语/从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装结构。典型例句Only in this way can you do it well.只有这样你才能做好。Only when he retu

9、rned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回至U家里时，才知 道出了什么事。Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才思识到他错了。考点 5: so / neither / nor 表示前旬所说的情况也适合于后者时，用 so / neither / nor+助动词+主语 这样的倒装句式。so用于肯te句中，neither/nor 用于否te句。典型例句He can sing English songs, and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。He didn t see the f

10、ilm, and neither did他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。You are young, and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music, and so do I.她售欢首乐，我也售欢。You aren t young, and neither am你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn t read it, and nor have她没有读它，我也没有读。注意：“so+主语+谓语”结构表示同意。It was cold yesterday. So it was.昨天很冷。”的确很冷。”Father, you promised. Well, so I did

11、. 爸爸，你答应过的。嗯，是答应过。”注思：石别人说的既有肯无、又有否正或用不止一种动词时，则用So it is with me.He was born in Beijing and lives in Shanghai. So it is with me. 他出生在北京， 生活在上 海。我也是。考点6:在“sothat和suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句 首时，用 sosuch + adj + 主语 +谓语” 的倒装形式。典型例句Such is life that everyone can understand this.生活就是这样，每个人都明白这一点。So col

12、d was the weather that we had to stay at home.太冷，我们只好呆在豕里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速彳艮快，我们几乎没法想 像它的速度。考点 7： 当 not only but also 位于句于引出句子时.not only 后的句子通.常用首B分倒装形式。典型例句Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不仅是l位教师，而且是l位诗人。Not only did he speak more c

13、orrectly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更止确， 也讲 得更/、费劲了。三、巩固训练( )1. Look,.A. here the bus comesB. here is the bus coningC. here comes the busD. here the bus is coming()2. Where is Kate? - Look, she is at the school gate.A. there she isB. there is she C. here you areD. here it is( )3. Which of the f

14、ollowing sentences is correct?A. In the teacher came.B. In did come the teacher.C. In did the teacher come.D. In came the teacher.()4. Out, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rushB. rushed heC. he rushedD. he did rush( )5. So carelessly that he almost killed himself.A. he drivesB. he droveC. does he

15、 drive D. did he drive( )6. Early in the day the news that the enemy were gone.A. comeB. cameC. comesD. coming( )7. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages them well.A. you can learnB. can you learn C. you learnedD. did you learn()8. Only after liberation to be treated as human bei

16、ngs.A. did they beginB. they had begunC. they did beginD. had they begun()9. Not only to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.A. he was forcingB. he was forcedC. was he forcingD. was he forced( )10. Never before seen such a stupid man.A. am IB. was IC. have ID. shall I()11. Rar

17、ely such a silly thing.A. have I heard ofB. I have heard ofC. am I heard ofD. had I heard of( )12. Little about his own health though he was very ill.A. he caredB. did he care C. does he care D. he cares( )13. Only when in the afternoon able to leave.A. the match was over; they wereB. was the matcho

18、ver; were theyC. was the match over; they wereD. the match wasover; were they( )14. Hardly down when he stepped in.A. had I satB. did I sitC. have I sat D. I had sat()15. She did not see Smith.A. Neither did I B. Nor didn t I C. Neither I did D. So didn t I答案解析1 .选Co here comes the bus表示“公交车来了，副词her

19、e提前，后面用完全倒装结构。2 .选A o主语时代词she,所以不用倒装结构，用 there she is的形式。3 .选D。副词in提到句首，后面句子用完全倒装结构in came the teacher。4 .选Co主语是代词he,所以不用倒装结构，用out he rushed的形式。5 .选D。so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so提前时，后面要用部分倒装结构形式：did he drive。6 .选B。early in the day时间状语提到句首，后面用完全倒装结构，时态为过去式，所以用cameo7 .选B。only+状语”提到句首，后面用部分倒装形式：can you learn t

20、hem well。8 .选A。“only+after liberation ”时间状语提至句首，后面用部分倒装结构。9 .选D, nolQmr否定副词放到句苜，后面用部分像嵯构形式#Co never否定副词放到句苜,后面用烹允倒樨5构，而且时态应该用现在完成时，所以选haglsee11.选品 皿中否定副词放到句苜.后面用柒份倒装结梳 时态应该用现在完成时，12.选负否定副词link放到句苜，后面用部分隹腐结血13送D/向产岫包引导的时间状语从句放fl句首，后面句子用部分fl健结司，但是when引导的0寸（ 从句不用倒装语序。14一选Ao时也否定副词放到句首，后面用部分倒装结构？而且时态应该用过

21、去进彳N寸。5选A.地g出打表示仃我也没有勺后者适应于前者所说的情况。考试赠送以下资料考试知识点技巧大全一、考试中途应饮葡萄糖水大脑是记忆的场所，脑中有数亿个神经细胞在不停地进行着繁重的活动 ，大脑细胞活动 需要大量能量。科学研究证实，虽然大脑的重量只占人体重量的2%-3%,但大脑消耗的能 量却占食物所产生的总能量的20%,它的能量来源靠葡萄糖氧化过程产生。据医学文献记载，一个健康的青少年学生30分钟用脑，血糖浓度在120毫克/100毫升，大 脑反应快，记忆力强；90分钟用脑，血糖浓度降至80毫克/100毫升，大脑功能尚正常； 连2/120分钟用脑，血糖浓度降至60毫克/100毫升，大脑反应迟

22、钝，思维能力较差。我们中考、高考每一科考试时间都在 2小时或2小时以上且用脑强度大，这样可引起 低血糖并造成大脑疲劳，从而影响大脑的正常发挥，对考试成绩产生重大影响。因此 建议考生，在用脑60分钟时，开始补饮25%浓度的葡萄糖水100毫升左右，为一个高 效果的考试加油。二、考场记忆“短路”怎么办呢？对于考生来说，掌握有效的应试技巧比再做题突击更为有效。1 .草稿纸也要逐题顺序写草稿要整洁， 草稿纸使用要便于检查。不要在一大张纸上乱写 乱画，东写一些，西写一些。打草稿也要像解题一样，一题一题顺着序号往下写。最 好在草稿纸题号前注上符号，以确定检查侧重点。为了便于做完试卷后的复查，草稿 纸一般可以

23、折成4-8块的小方格， 标注题号以便核查，保留清晰的分析和计算过程。2 .答题要按先易后难顺序不要考虑考试难度与结果，可以先用5分钟熟悉试卷，合理 安排考试进度，先易后难，先熟后生，排除干扰。考试中很可能遇到一些没有见过或 复习过的难题，不要 蒙了。一般中考试卷的题型难度分布基本上是从易到难排列的， 或者交替排列。3 .遇到容易试题不能浮躁遇到容易题，审题要细致。圈点关键字词，边审题边画草图， 明确解题思路。有些考生一旦遇到容易的题目，便觉得心应手、兴奋异常，往往情绪 激动，甚至得意忘形。要避免急于求成、粗枝大叶，防止受熟题答案与解题过程的定 式思维影响，避免漏题，错题，丢掉不该丢的分。4 .答题不要犹豫不决选择题做出选择时要慎重，要关注题干中的否定用词，对比筛选 四个选项的差异和联系，特别注意保留计算型选择题的解答过程。当试题出现几种疑 惑不决的答案时，考生一定要有主见，有自信心，即使不能确定答案，也不能长时间 犹豫，浪费时间，最终也应把认为正确程度