法律英语实用单词

1、法律英语实用单词讲解accord释义：accord和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。acquire释义：acquire指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries wit

2、hin a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。act释义：act作为，与不作为forbear相对应。如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear fromaction释义：诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend on

3、eself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。adopt释义：adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。admission释义：采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the e

4、vidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。affect释义：在法律英语，affect（本义没有改变，仍然是影响），是非常正式的用法，通常不能用influence等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任

5、一条款，并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。affiliate释义：affiliate关联方，关联公司，也可以associate或connected person表示。如“Affiliate” means any person or company that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party，including a Partys parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect common

6、 control with such Party.“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或间接控制，或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。applicable释义：applicable可适用的，如例句：If any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement or any document executed in connection herewith shall be invalid，illegal，or unenforceable in any respect under any a

7、pplicable law, the provision/provisions shall be deemed to have been severed from this agreement.如果本协议或涉及本协议而签署的任何文件中某条或数条条款，根据任何适用法律在任何方面是无效的、不合法或不能强制执行的,视为该条款从本协议中删除。as is释义：as is是法律英语中的常见词组，意思是（货物等的）现状。如deliver the house as is.按照房屋的现状交付房屋。The software is provided as is.按软件现有状况提供软件等。as of释义：as of是

8、从开始，相当于since，但由于法律英语问题的正式性和庄重性，一般不能用since替换。如The law shall be effective as of January 10, 2009。本法自2009年1月10生效。The contract takes effect upon its execution。合同自签订之日起生效。asset释义：asset的含义是资产、财产，不仅包括动产，不动产，也包括可以动用的资源。如fixed asset固定资产，floating asset流动资产，Asset and capital verification 清产核资，asset management资

9、产管理等。assign释义：assign是法律英语中常用单词之一，意思是转让，也可以指受让人,通常指权利的转让。如assign the rights to a third party。把权利转让个第三方。又如Without the prior, express written consent of the Principal, the Agent may not assign this Agreement to any other party.未经委托方事先明确的书面同意，代理方不得将本协议转让给任何第三方。attach释义：attach在法律英语中指扣押财产。Attach the prope

10、rty扣押财产。Attachment order扣押令等。bind释义：约束，对产生约束力。如the agreement binds all the parties to it协议对各方均有约束力，bind sb. to do使某人负有做事情的义务等。board of directors/supervisors释义：board of directors/supervisors分别为董事会和监事会，是公司的重要权力或监督机构。Board在法律英语中的含义是委员会，如果没有特别说明，一般指董事会，如果是单独的董事、监事，可以分别以director和supervisor表示。breach释义：bre

11、ach的意思是违反，侵犯，通常指违反合同、协议等。如If Party A materially breaches this Contract，Party B or its successor in interest is entitled to terminate this Contract or claim damages for the breach of contract如果甲方实质性违反本合同，乙方或其权益承继人有权终止本合同或要求得到损害赔偿。call释义：催促，催款。如The seller issued a notice of call to the buyer to urge t

12、he buyer to pay off the balance of the amount due and owing to seller.卖方向卖方发出催款通知，要求买方向卖方支付已到期尚未支付的账款余额。circumstance释义：circumstance指法官予以定罪量刑的情节等。如aggravating/mitigating circumstance加重/减轻情节，legal circumstance法定情节等。claim释义：claim在法律英语中的意思是索赔，诉求，既可以作名词，也可以作动词。如claim damages要求损害赔偿金，claim on the insurance

13、 进行保险索赔，reject a claim拒绝一项索赔请求等。communication释义：communication是商业往来中的具体讯息，书信，包括来往函电，信件信件等。如Notices or other communications required to be given by one Party pursuant to this Agreement shall be written in Chinese.一方根据本协议要求发出的通知或其他书信应以中文书写。composition释义：composition和解协议，指指债务人与全部或至少相当一部分债权人达成的此类协议。如In ca

14、se a settlement agreement is reached through conciliation between the debtor and creditors, the court shall make a decision in accordance with the contents of the composition reached by and between both the parties.经债务人和债权人经调解达成和解协议的案件，法院应当根据双方当事人和解协议的内容，作出判决。concession释义：concession指（政府授予的）特许权，特许经营权

15、，如BOT project concession period consists two parts: concession period limit and concession period length. BOT项目特许权转让协议中有关特许期的约定涉及两部分内容，包括特许期限定和特许期长度。confidential释义：confidential是法律英语中的常用词汇，意思是保密的，机密的，相当于secret，但一般不能用secret替换。如Each party agrees to protect the others Confidential Information at all tim

16、es and in the same manner as each protects the confidentiality of its own proprietary and confidential materials各方同意，在任何时候都以保护自身专有资料和机密资料相同的方式保护另一方的机密信息。consideration释义：consideration在法律英语中的含义是对价，即为换取另一个人做某事的允诺，某人付出的不一定是金钱的代价。如Party A agrees to pay RMB 5000yuan in consideration for the service render

17、ed by Party B.甲方同意支付5000元人民币作为乙方提供服务的对价。consolidation释义：consolidation是合并，兼并，即若各干企业合并成一个新企业，原企业解散，亦即新设合并，如Neither Party may assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, without the other Partys prior written consent, expect to any corporation resulting from any merger, consolidation or other reorganiz

18、ation involving the assigning Party.任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意，不得转让本协议的全部或部分，除非转让给涉及转让方的因兼并、合并或其他重组而产生的任何公司。construe释义：解释，即对法律、合同等法律文件的内容作出解释，与interpret意思相同。如A waiver by one of the parties at any time of a breach of any term or provision of this Agreement committed by the other party shall not be construed as

19、a waiver by such party of any subsequent breach to be committed by the other party.一方在任何时候放弃追究另一方违反本协议任何条款或规定的行为，不应被视为该一方放弃追究另一方以后的违约行为。construction释义：“解释”通常指对法律、条例、判决或其他法律规范的含义和适用所作的说明，相当于interpretation。如construction of the contract in accordance with the law（根据法律规定解释合同），strict construction of the

20、law（对法律的严格解释）等。我们在使用时要注意区分，不能看到construction就当做“建设”理解。contribution释义：contribution是公司法中常用的一个单词，意思是出资，如When a Party (the “Disposing Party”) wishes to transfer all or part of its registered capital contribution to a third party, it shall provide a written notice (the “Notice”) to the other Party (the “N

21、on-Disposing Party”).一方（“转让方”）欲将其全部或部分注册资本出资额转让给第三方时，应向另一方（“非转让方”）提供书面通知（“通知”）。creation释义：creation有两个意思，一个创造，通常出现在有关知识产权的法律中，如invention and creation发明创造。另一个意思是创设，通常指权利的设定，如The effect of all this is that, on the creation and sale of the Bankers Acceptance, the Borrower receives a sum of money and, on

22、 the later maturity date, the Borrower pays back a slightly higher sum of money. 全部这种做法的效果在于，在设立和售出银行承兑时，借方收到一笔钱款，而在以后的到期日，借方付还一笔略高的钱款。customs释义：Custom在法律英语中有“惯例、惯例法”的意思，如custom and usage（惯例、习惯法）。但Customs用作复数时，在法律英语中指海关，如customs declaration（报关），customs duty （关税，有时候也可以直接用customs表示关税），customs officer（

23、海关官员等）damages释义：damages在法律英语中表示损害赔偿金，要注意用的是复数形式，如果用单数，则表示损害。如incidental damages 附带损害consequential damages 间接损害claim damages for the breach of contract因违约要损害赔偿金等。debenture释义：debenture的意思是债券，通常指的是无担保债券。如bank debenture 金融债券 bearer debenture 不记名债券 coupon bank debenture 附息票金融债券 customs debenture 海关退税凭单等。

24、declaration释义：declaration在法律英语中常用作申报，如customs declaration报关，export declaration出口申报，income tax declaration个税申报等。delegate释义：delegate在法律英语中的意思是转让，通常指义务的转让，如：In accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of China (hereinafter “China”), the consent of the creditors shall be obtained for the delegati

25、on of obligations to become effective.根据中华人民共和国（以下称“中国”），义务的转让须取得债权人的同意方可生效。discharge释义：discharge在法律英语中的常用含义有两个：履行，侧重于对具体义务的履行，相当于fulfill，如He discharged his obligations after the call of the creditors。他在债权人的督促下，才履行了自己的义务。免除，即免除他人的义务或债务。His liability to pay the loan to the bank was discharged due to

26、his bankruptcy。他对银行的借款偿还义务因其破产而免除。从上面两个例子可以看出，discharge的两个含义是截然相反的，因此，我们在理解和翻译它的含义时，应当放到上下文中，不能望文生义。一般来说，如果主语是自己（如例证1），就理解为履行，动作由别人发出（如例证2），则理解为免除。discovery释义：discovery而是证据的开始，是英美法中审判程序的一个环节，通常为evidence discovery，也叫evidence disclosure.discretion释义：discretion在法律英语中的意思是裁量权，自由决定权。如Either party may, at

27、its sole discretion, assign the whole or any part of the contract or any benefit or interest in or under the contract, provided a prior notice of the same shall be given to the other party.合同的任何一方都可以自行决定全部或部分转让本合同，或转让本合同项下的利益和权益，但应提前通知合同另一方。dissolution释义：dissolution通常指（公司等）解散，如The JVC becomes bankru

28、pt or is the subject of proceedings for liquidation or dissolution by reason of insolvency or ceases to carry on business or becomes unable to pay its debts as they become due.合营公司破产，或因资不抵债而进入清算程序或解散，或终止其业务，或无力偿付到期债务。distress释义：distress在法律英语中的常用意义为扣押物，如abuse the distress滥用扣押物，distress sale扣押物出售等。dra

29、ft释义：draft在法律英语中通常有两个含义，一个是起草，如draft a law起草法律，draft a contract起草合同等。另一个意思是汇票，如承兑汇票也可以是honor a draft，开具汇票可以说是issue a draft等。due释义：due 在法律英语中的常用含义为债权债务的到期等，如Upon expiration or termination of this Agreement, Distributor shall immediately cease to be a Supplier distributor and all monies then owed to e

30、ither party hereunder shall become immediately due and payable notwithstanding any credit terms previously made available to Distributor. 参考译文：本协议到期或终止时，经销商作为“供应方”经销商的身份应立即终止，即使经销商被明确允许赊销付款，双方的欠款也均应即时得到清偿。effective释义：effective在法律英语中的常见含义是有效的，生效的，如Notices given by personal delivery shall be deemed ef

31、fective on the date of personal delivery，provided that receipt shall be acknowledged in writing by the receiving party.在专人送达之日视为生效，但收件方应书面确认已收到通知。encumbrance释义：encumbrance在法律英语中的意思是财产或权利负担，包括担保，租赁，扣押等。如“Encumbrances”include any option，right to acquire，right of preemption，mortgage，charge，pledge，lien，

32、hypothecation, title creation，right of set-off，counterclaim，trust arrangement or other security or any equity or restriction (including any relevant restriction imposed under the relevant law)“权利负担”包括期权、收购权、优先权、抵押、押记、质押、留置、押汇、所有权的产生、抵付权、反诉、信托安排或其他担保、或股权、限制(包括有关法律规定的任何有关限制)。enforce释义：enforce在法律英语中的意思

33、是执行，通常指依靠法律的强制力强制执行等。如The failure of either party, in any one or more instances, to enforce any of the terms of this Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of future enforcement of that or any other term.如果当事人犯下错误并导致本协议对其强制执行了某项条款，则不应被解释为协议放弃了将来对其强制执行此项条款和其它条款的权利。engagement释义：engagement在法律英语中的

34、特殊含义是聘用，相当于retain，如Either party has the right to terminate the engagement by providing written notification to the other party. The engagement shall be deemed terminated once either party has received notice of termination.任何一方都有权在向对方发出书面通知后终止本聘用协议，聘用在另一方收到终止通知后即视为终止。enter into释义：enter into仅仅用在法律英语中

35、，且通常在合同中出现，表示合同的订立。如The contract is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B in Shanghai.合同由甲乙双方于上海订立。entrust释义：entrust的含义是委托、信托。如entrust loan委托贷款，entrust lease 委托租赁，entrust the property to a fund把财产委托给基金进行管理等。equity释义：equity的意思是股权，既不同于股票，也不同于出资，而是股票或出资所代表的权益，如equity interest权益，equit

36、y transfer agreement股权转让协议，private equity非上市公司的股权等。 exclusive释义：exclusive是法律英语中出现频率较高的一个单词，意思是专有的、独享的，如exclusive agent独家代理商，exclusive jurisdiction专属管辖权，exclusive contract专买或专卖合同，exclusive license排他性许可，exclusive right等。execute释义：execute合同的签订等。如the contract shall take effect upon its execution 合同自签订之日

37、起生效。但execution的确有执行、履行的意思，如果它与表示一段的时间状语连用，那肯定是执行、履行的意思，如in the course of the execution of the contract在合同履行过程中。financing释义：financing的意思是融资，不是金融（finance），也不是形容词经济的（financial），注意把三个单词区分开来。如project financing项目融资，financing manager融资经理，financing decision-making融资决策等。forthwith释义：forthwith在法律英语中的含义是立即，马上，相

38、当于immediately，但由于法律英语文体的庄重性，一般不用immediately替换。如During the valid term of this Agreement，if any party changes its address at any time it shall forthwith notify the other party in writing of such change在本协议有效期内，若任何一方在任何时候变更其地址，应立即书面通知另一方。futures释义：futures这个词在法律英语中表示期货，即买卖双方约定在将来某一时间交割的商品或证券、外汇等，如future

39、s sales（期货交易），futures contract（期货合同），futures market（期货市场）等。另外，futures本身单独使用也可以指期货合同。grace释义：grace（还款）宽限期，如day of grace, grace period宽限期等。hereby释义：古英语中较为典型的一个，表示“在此，兹”，如we hereby reaches this agreement 我们谨达成如下本协议，With all that stated, we hereby advise as follows通过对以上事实的说明，我们提出如下建议.honor释义：honor 通常用在票

40、据法中，表示对票据的承兑，如all the instruments to be consistent with one another to be honored所有的票据都要彼此符合才能得到承兑，honor a bill承兑汇票等。indemnify释义：indemnify是法律英语尤其是合同中一个常用单词，意思是补偿、赔偿，比compensate（补偿）的含义要广泛。如Each party shall indemnify the other from any and all losses that may arise out of breach by such party of any o

41、f the warranties set forth in this Article.一方如果违反其在本条中的任何保证而使另一方发生损失，应向损失方做出赔偿。infant/minor释义：infant在法律英语中表示未成年人，相当于minor.如the contract made by the an infant is voidable in accordance with the Chinese law. information释义：information信息，如information right知情权，confidential information保密信息，information dis

42、closure信息披露等固定用法。infringement 释义：infringement的意思是侵犯、违反，通常指对知识产权等无形资产的侵害，如Distributor shall immediately notify Supplier, upon discovery thereof, of any infringement or potential infringement of Suppliers interests in the Marks and undertakes to cooperate with Supplier in its efforts to cure such infr

43、ingement.一旦发现存在侵犯或潜在侵犯供应商的商标权益的行为，经销商应立即通知供应商，并应与供应商通力合作制止此类侵权行为。issue释义：issue的意思是签发，如issue an order签发命令，issue a notice签发通知，issue stock发行证券，issue a draft开具汇票等。用作名词时，意思是争点、争议点，即当事人之间关于事实或法律的争议事项，如issue at/in law 法律上的争点，issue of fact事实上的争点等。joint and several释义：joint and several是一个常用词组，意思是连带的，如joint an

44、d several liability连带责任，又如a warranty，representation，undertaking, indemnity, covenant or agreement on the part of two or more persons binds them jointly and severally.两人或两人以上对其所作的保证、陈述、承诺、赔偿、约定或协议负有连带责任。letter释义：letter是法律英语中常见的一个单词，可以作为信函的意思，如comfort letter 安慰函（政府或公司律师出具的证明公司良好的证明），attorney letter律师函

45、，但更多的时候，letter应当理解为书，如Engagement letter聘用书，conformation letter确认书, letter of intent意向书，letter of compliance符合规定证明等。liability释义：liability的意思是责任，通常指因违反法律或合同规定的义务而导致的民事责任。如legal liability法律责任，contractual liability合同责任等。Liability的形容词是liable，通常用在be liable to do 或be liable to sb for sth 结构中，如“Face Amount”

46、 means in respect of a BA Instrument, the amount payable to the holder on its maturity, and in respect of a Documentary Credit, the maximum amount which the issuing Person is contingently liable to pay to the Beneficiary.“票面金额”对银行承兑汇票而言，指到期时应付持票人的金额，对跟单信用证而言，指发行人可能应付受益人的最大金额。lien释义：lien留置，但有时在法律文件中可

47、能会对其含义作出扩大性的定义，如“Lien” means any mortgage, charge, pledge, hypothecation, security interest, assignment, encumbrance, lien (statutory or otherwise), title retention agreement or arrangement, restrictive covenant or other encumbrance of any nature or any other arrangement or condition that in substan

48、ce secures payment or performance of an obligation.“留置权”指本质上保证清偿或履行债务的任何抵押、担保、出质、质押、担保物权、让与、债务负担、留置（法定或其它方式的）、保留所有权协议或安排、限制性约定或任何性质的其它债务负担或任何其它安排或条件limitation释义：limitation的常用含义是限制，如责任限制，可以说是limitation of liability。Limitation在法律英语中的特殊含义是时效，如lapse of limitation已过时效等。liquidation释义：liquidation 在法律英语中通常指

49、企业的清算，如If a receiver, manager or other custodian (interim or permanent) of the Collateral or any part thereof is appointed by private instrument or by court order, if any execution, winding up, liquidation, sequestration, extent or other process of any court becomes enforceable against of with respe

50、ct to the Debtor or the Collateral or any part thereof, or if distress or analogous process is made against the Collateral or any part thereof.如果根据私下协议或法院命令，对“担保物”或其任何部分任命了接管人、管理人或其它保管人（暂时或永久的），或如果任何法院对“债务人”或“担保物”或其任何部分的任何执行、倒闭、清算、扣押、扣留或其它处分成为可执行的，或如果对“担保物”或其任何部分提起扣押或类似处分。list释义：list在法律英语中通常指股票的上市，如

51、listed company上市公司，listing shares上市股票等。material释义：material在法律英语中常常作为形容词使用，意思是实质性的，如If Party B materially breaches this Contract，Party A is entitled to request Party B，by issuing a written notice，to redress the breach within fifteen(15)days upon receiving such notice如果乙方实质性违反本合同，甲方经发出书面通知，有权要求乙方在收到书面

52、通知后十五(15)天内改正违约行为。如果乙方在十五(15)天期限内未予改正，甲方则有权解除合同并要求得到违约赔偿。mature释义：mature在法律英语中通常指债务、票据等到期，可用作动词，也可用作形容词。如The Term Loan Facility will mature on the fifth anniversary of the date of the Credit Agreement. The amount available under the Term Loan Facility will be reduced by equal quarterly amounts of U.

53、S. $ on each of the  consecutive quarters ending with the  anniversary of the Term Loan Facility with the amount available thereafter being U.S. $.“定期贷款服务”在贷款协议生效日的第五个周年到期。将从“定期贷款服务”金额中减去在定期贷款的第 周年结束时每个 连续季度的等额季度金额 美元，因此支付金额为美元。may释义：ma

54、y是法律英语中常用的一个情态动词，表示可以或允许做某事，一般不能用can替换。如Neither Party may assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, without the other Partys prior written consent.任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意，不得转让本协议的全部或部分。另外，在表示“应当、必须”时，一般都用shall表示，这是不能把shall当成是第一人称的将来时态，也不能用表示道德意思的应当should来替换。如Party A shall maintain the confidential informa

55、tion herein甲方应当对此处的保密信息保密。merger释义：merger的意思是合并，与consolidation不同，merger指其中一公司解散，另一公司存在，即吸收合并，如The Borrower shall not (and shall ensure that no other member of the Group will) enter into any amalgamation, demerger, merger or corporate reconstruction without the prior written consent of the Lender.未经出

56、借方的书面同意，借款方不得（并保证集团内的其他任何成员不得）进行任何合并、中止合并、兼并或公司重组。obligation释义：obligation泛指所有的民事法律义务或责任，如rights and obligations 权利义务，delegation of obligations义务的转让等。也可以指具体的义务，如The reimbursement obligation of the Borrower under any Documentary Credit shall be unconditional and irrevocable and shall be paid strictly

57、in accordance with the terms of this Agreement under all circumstances.借方对任何跟单信用证的偿还义务应是无条件和不可撤消的，并且在任何情况下均应严格按照本协议的条款支付。office释义：在法律英语中泛指办公地点，如head office 总部，registered office 注册地，office manager办公室经理等。officer释义：officer公司的高级管理人员，相当于executive或senior management，不能机械的理解为官员。otherwise释义：otherwise表示“其他情况”，如The Pledgee, in appointing or refraining from appointing any agent, shall not incur liability to the agent, the Pledgor or otherwise and shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence of the