2020高考英语第二章完形填空第三节议论类知识精讲

1、第三节 议论类 第一部分 五年高考题荟萃2020年高考题Passage 1（10 江苏）Another person ' enthusiasm was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved.That person was my stepmother.I was nine years old when she enterd our home in rural Virginia. My father_36 me to her with these words:"I would like you to meet

2、the fellow who is 37 for being the worst boy inthis county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no38 than tomorrow morning. ”My stepmother walked over to me,39 my head slightly upward,and looked me right inthe eye.Then she looked at my father and replied,40 ".This arnot the worst boy a

3、t all,41 the smartest one who hasn ' t yet found anoutlet途径）for his enthusiasm. ”That statement began a（n） 42 between us.No one had ever called me smart,My familyand neighbors had built me up in my 43as a bad boy . My stepmother changed all that.She changed many things.She44my father to go to a

4、dental school,from which hegraduated with honors.She moved our family into th e county srat,where my father' s career couldbe more45and my brother and I could be better 46.When I turned fourteen,she bought me a secondhand 47and told me that she believedthat I could become a writer.I knew her ern

5、thusiasm,I48it had alreadly improved our lives.I accepted her 49 and began to write for local newspapers.I was doing the same kind of 50 that great day I went to interview Andrew Carnegie and received the task which became my life 'work later.I wasn' tthe 51 beneficiary （受益者）.My father becam

6、e the 52 man in town.My brother and stepbrthers became a physician,a dentist,a lawyer,and a college president.s purposWhat power 53 has!When that power is released to support the certainty of oneand is 54 strengthened by faith,it becomes an irresistible （不可抗拒的） force which poverty and temporary defe

7、at can never 55.You can communicate that power to anyone who needs it.This is probably the greatest work you can do with your enthusiasm.36.A.rushedB.sentC.carriedD.introduced37.A.distinguishedB.favoredC.mistakenD.rewarded38. A.soonerB.laterC.longerD.earlier39. A.draggedB.shookC.raisedD.bent40. A.pe

8、rfectB.rightC.wrongD.impolite41.A.butB.soC.andD.or42. A.ageementB.friendshipC.gapD.relationship43. A.opinionB.imageC.espectationD.mind44. A.beggedB.persuadedC.orderedD.invited45.A.successfulB.meaningfulC.helpfulD.useful46.A.trearedB.entertainedC.educatedD.respected47.A.cemeraB.radioC.bicycleD.typewr

9、iter48.A.consideredB.suspectedC.ignoredD.appreciated49.A.beliefB.requestC.criticismD.description50. A.teahingB.writingC.studyingD.reading51. A.nextB.sameC.onlyD.real52. A.cleverestB.wealthiestC.strongestD.bealthiest53. A.ebthusiasmB.sympathyC.fortuneD.confidence54. A.deliberatelyB.happilyC.tradition

10、allyD.constantly55. A.winB.matchC.reachD.doubt本文讲述了一个继母对作者的肯定，从而激发了孩子心中的对成功的渴望，继母心中的热 情，终于促使作者成功了。36选D爸爸把我介绍给了她37选A因为是最坏的孩子而著名38 .选B no later than表示不迟于39 .选C表示微微地抬了一下我的头40 .选C你错了41 .选A前面有not后面用but,不是最坏的而是最聪明的42 .选B这句话开始了我们之间的友谊，用友谊说明关系的亲密43 .选D在我心目中我一直是一个坏男孩44 .选B继母把我父亲说服了去上一个牙科学校45 .选A在那儿我父亲的事业将更加成

11、功46 .选C而在那，我们弟兄们可以得到更好的教育47 .选D给我买了二手的打字机，让我开始写作48 .选D我非常感激她的热心49 .选A我接受了她的信念50 .选B我从事的写作，因此用 writing51 .选C我不是唯一的受益者52 .选B我爸爸成了我们镇上最富裕的人53 .选A热情有着多强大的力量呀54 .选D不断得到增强55 .选B这种力量是贫穷和暂时的挫折所不能相比的Passage 2a。北京）I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the dir

12、ectors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an Unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, 36 she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought we should 38 things. At first I had no ide

13、a how to answer because I knew 39 about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her 40 . It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to 41 them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly.She loved how 42 I was, so I began to show up to paint more an

14、d more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.Mrs. Neidl's 43 that year was, "Try it. We can always paint over it 44 !"I began to take 45 . I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing-only things to be 46 upon. I learned to dip my brush into the pain

15、t and 47 create something.The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was 48 in the program as "Student Art Assistant" because of the time and effort I'd put in. It was that year that I_49I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.Being on that stage-design team

16、 50 Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also 51 a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed. She taught me not to 52 what people think I should do: She taught me to take chances and not be 53 . Mrs. Neidl was my comforte

17、r when I was upset. Her 54 in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined 55 .36. A. andB. yetC. soD. for37. A. opinionB. impressionC. informationD. intention38. A. makeB. keepC. handleD. change39. A. anythingB. somethingC. everythingD. nothing40. A. questionsB. commentsC. explanationsD. r

18、emarks41. A. holdB. followC. evaluateD. form42. A. happyB. livelyC. reliableD. punctual43. A. messageB. mottoC. sayingD. suggestion44. A. againB. moreC. insteadD. later45. A. stepsB. controlC. chargeD. risks46. A. improvedB. actedC. lookedD. reflected47. A. easilyB. carefullyC. confidentlyD. proudly

19、48. A. introducedB. recognizedC. identifiedD. considered49. A. confirmedB. decidedC. realizedD. acknowledged50. A. withB. belowC. ofD. by51. A. developedB. discoveredC. tookD. fostered52. A. acceptB. careC. judgeD. wonder53. A. boredB. lazyC. sadD. afraid54. A. trustB. patienceC. curiosityDo interes

20、t55. A. accessibleB. enjoyableC. possibleD. favorable56. B 考察连词及句子理解。 前面 unpleasant voice 和 direct way of speaking 是消极意向 ,后面 encouraging 和 inspiring 是积极意向,因此需填转折连词,四个选项中A 表并列 ,C 表结果， D表原因，只有B 选项 yet 表转折。37 .A 考察名词及篇章理解。第二段第二句话“她想知道我认为我们该怎样处理事情”直接提示了这个空应该选观点 opinion 这个词 . 第二段倒数第四句话中也出现了这个词从而验证了其正确性。

21、B. impression 印象、 C. information 信息、 D. intention 意图均不符合题意。38 .C 考察动词及篇章理解。根据文章主线选择“处理”事情。考纲要求考生掌握handle 的两种意思，名词是“柄、把” ，动词是“处理” ，这里考察后者。 A, 做、创造 B 保持 D 改 变 均不符题意。39 .D 考察代词及句子理解。开始我不知如何回答是因为我对舞台设计“一无所知” 。 know nothing about sth 对某事一无所知。40 .A 考察名词及篇章理解。解题关键词是本句的 ” respond 回答、响应” , 线索是第二段第一句中的“ask 提问

22、 ”及第四句中的“ answer 回答” ， 因此这里填“question 问题 ”这个词。BD 选项是评论， C 是解释，不符题意。41 .D 考察动词及篇章理解。 本句的 them 指代 opinions 。 form opinion 形成观点 。 hold opinion持有某种观点，form 是个变化的状态，hold 是个持续的状态，根据文意推断作者开始并没有观点， 由于她相信我有观点所以我形成了观点， 强调形成这个过程， 另外 Begin to 后接有变化感的词，故选 form 不选 hold. B. follow 遵照 ,C .evaluate 评估与题意差别较大。42 .C 考察

23、形容词及句子理解。解题线索在后半句 “ so I began to show up to paint more andmore ” 作者做的事情变多是Mrs. Neidl 信任的结果，说明我是个可信赖( reliable )的人 ,C选项符合题意。 其他三个选项happy 高兴的 lively 活泼的和 punctual 准时的都不能表达出这种合理的因果关系。另外迷惑性较大的 lively 通常用来形容物。43 . B考察名词及句子理解。引号里是一句鼓励性质的话，而且前面“that year”也是线索，说明这话是她的 motto 座右铭。迷惑性较大的 C 选项 saying 是谚语的意思，往往

24、是人们长期形成的对生活及经验的总结， 强调群体性及时间性， 故不合适， message 信息， suggestion建议，不合题意。44 .D 考察副词及篇章理解。本题难度较大，解题关键词是介词“over” ，表覆盖。选择later可以理解为“如果没有画好，稍后可以再画一次覆盖在之前的画上。more 更多， Instead代替，不合题意。迷惑性最大的是again.表示“再一次、又一次”但是放在这里与over意思重复， paint over it later 相当于 paint it again, 故不选A 。45 .D 考察名词及篇章理解。 take risks 固定搭配， 冒险。 通读全文发

25、现作者是开始很不自信，第四段开头也提示了作者“ shy” , “quiet ”,因此动笔画画对他来说是个冒险，是自我突破的过程，文章最后一段也提到了 take chances 冒险，因此选D。 take steps 是采取措施、步骤的意思，与文章主题不搭， control 和 charge 都有控制的意思，不合题意。46 .A 考察动词及句子理解。 Improve upon 改进。线索是本段开头的座右铭“试试吧，我们永远可以重画一次。”因此不存在失败，只存在改进。Act upon按照、对起彳用，look upon看待、考虑， reflect upon 考虑、回顾，均不符题意。47 .C 考察副

26、词及篇章理解。本段主要描写了作者从不敢做到敢做的过程，根据前文提示作者曾很不自信， 后来在 Mrs. Neidl 的鼓励下自信地拿起了画笔， 因此选 confidently. A easily 容易的。作者超越自我的过程并不容易。 B carefully 小心地。创作并不是个小心翼翼的过程。D Proudly 骄傲地。文章中没有任何体现。48.B 考察动词。Be recognized as"被公认为、被承认"。Introduce 介绍、引入，be identified as “被确定是 ”， 有验证身份的意思， be considered as “被认为、 被当作” 。 其

27、中 be recognize as 有“被大家承认、被普遍接受”的意思，表意更准确。49.C 考察动词。 解题关键词是“want ” 。 作者意识到自己想要的是什么， 所以用 realized. 迷惑项是 decided 决定。 可以说决定要什么， 但不可以说决定想什么， 因为想法是不可控制的。Confirm 证实 acknowledge 承认，与题意差别较大。50.A 考察介词。 Being with sb 与某人在一起。 这里不能选 of 是因为全文第一句话， Mrs. Neidl 是“ one of the directors” ，所以不能说是她的团队。 Below 和 by 搭配错误。

28、51.B 考察动词。 发现了一项爱好和一个未知的世界， 选 discovered. 迷惑项是 developed , 这个词可以与interest 连用表示形成了某种爱好，但是不可以与world 连用表示“形成一个未知世界， ”故排除。 Take interest 取利， foster 培养，均不合适。52.B 考察动词及篇章理解。 “她教会我不要去在乎别人认为我该怎么做” ， care 在乎，符合文意。 Accept 接受， judge 判断 ， wonder 怀疑 均不合文意。53 .D 考察形容词及句意理解。 Be afraid 害怕。前面说 Take chance 冒险，后面理所当然说

29、不要怕 （失败） ， 而且前文反复出现了 afraid 这个词， 是全篇的关键词。 Bored 无聊的， lazy 懒惰的， sad 伤心的，在文中均无体现。54 .A考察名词及篇章理解。Trust信任。通读全文会发现文中多次提到 Mrs. Neidl对作者的 信任，并在第三段明确使用了 trust这个词，因此推断出答案。 Patience耐心，curiosity好奇 心，interest兴趣，文中均无体现。55 .C考察形容词及篇章理解。“她对我的信任激励我完成以前认为不可能的事情”，“neverimagined possible” 等于 imagined impossible.“ 认为不可

30、能的， 贴合文意。 Accessible 容易 取得的enjoyable有趣的favorable有利的赞同的 均不合文意。Passage 3（io 湖南）Parents are busy people. If they are working, they are usually not at home 48 when/ after their children return from school. Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49 an after-school note for their children. They s

31、ometimes put the note on the kitchen table, the refrigerator, 50 or another place where their children are sure to find it. A note is often a51better way to "talk" with a child than using the telephone. For one thing, parents have time to think about 52what they want to say before they wri

32、te. For53 another, the note lists all the information in one place. It is easy to read again and again People often forget all the details that they 54 hear in a telephone call. Finally, cell phones can be turned 55 off or telephone calls not answered. For these reasons, after-school notes are very

33、popular with parents.48.答案：When/After解析：该空引导时间状语从句，句意为：“当他们的孩子们放学回来的时候/以后，他们经常不在家”49答案：an解析：根据空后的单数可数名词note及after以元音音素开头可判断填an50 .答案：or解析：该空填并列连词or,并列三个名词51 .答案：better解析：由句意，“便条是与孩子交流的更好方式”可判断填better52 .答案：what解析：该空引导宾语从句在句中作say的宾语53 .答案：For解析：For another为固定搭配，意为“另一方面”54 .答案：they解析：该空在句中作主语且代指前面的peo

34、ple。故填they55 .答案：off解析：turn off意为“关掉”，即手机被关掉Passage 4（10 上海）rehearsals （彩排），orThe first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dresstryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing _50_.What is the purpose of

35、 the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, _51_ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funn

36、y, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. _52_ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup（戏服和化妆）.For instance, Lloyd Webber _53_ some of the music because the Ph

37、antom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in_54_ to your evolvingpurpose, or to include _55_ ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an a

38、ssignment. _56_, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to _57_. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows _58_. Always make time to become your own

39、_59_and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you _60_ new ideas.Revising involves _61_ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. Whe

40、nyou revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose _62_ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the _63_ that is, facts, opinions, inferences - that they need in order to

41、 understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many _64_ details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B.as a result C.for example D.in other words52. A. undergoneB. skippedC. rejectedD. replaced53. A. rewroteB. releasedC. recordedD. rese

42、rved54. A. additionB. responseC. oppositionD. contrast55. A. fixedB. ambitiousC. familiarD. fresh56. A. HoweverB. MoreoverC. InsteadD. Therefore57. A. discussB. switchC. exhaustD. cover58. A. draftingB. rearrangingC. performingD. training59. A. directorB. masterC. audienceD. visitor60. A. personalB.

43、 valuableC. basicD. delicate61. A. mixingB. weakeningC. maintainingD. assessing62. A. amazingB. brightC. uniqueD. clear63. A. anglesB. evidenceC. informationD. hints64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final【文章大意】修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必须的步骤。文章讲叙了作品修改的目的和途径。50 .答案：C考点：本题考查名词辨析解析：参照下文的“ Andrew

44、Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwentsuch a process." 和“However. don't make the mistake of skippingthe revision stage" o名词technique （技术）、style （风格）、career （事业、生涯）都不符题意。本 题难度适中。51 .答案：D考点：本题考查介词短语辨析解析：前面 adding, deleting, replacing, reordering 都是 revising 的方面，所以 revi

45、sing 和这些名词同义；介词短语in other words 表示“换句话说”。介词短语 in particular （尤其、 特别表强调）、as a result （因此，表结果）、for example （例如，表举例说明）都不符题意。本题难度适中。52 .答案：A考点：本题考查动词辨析解析：动词skip （跳远）、reject （拒绝、抵制）replace （取代）都不符题意。人们观 看的是完美的表演， 但表演之前作品经历了（ undergo） 多次修改， 与上段的“ Andrew LloydWebber's musical Phantom of the Operaunderw

46、ent such a process”. 对应。本题难 度适中。53 .答案：A考点：本题考查动词辨析解析：动词 releases （释放、赦免、发行）、 record （记录、录音）、 reserve （保留、预 订）都不符题意。动词 rewrite 表示“重写、修改”，与动词revise 同义，与本篇文话题相关。本题难度适中。54 .答案：B考点：本题考查介词短语辨析解析：介词短语in addition to表示“而且、除之外还有"，in opposition to表示"与 的意见相反"，in contrast to表示“与形成对比”，都与本题不符。 in r

47、esponse to （作为对 表的反应）在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品目的的一种回应”本题难。55 .答案： D考点：本题考查形容词辨析解析： fresh ideas 与后面的 newly discovered information 对应。本题难度适中。56 .答案：B考点：本题考查副词辨析解析：副词Moreover （而且）类似与but also 表递进含义，与前面句 not just （only）呼应。副词However （然而，表转折关系）、Instead （作为替代、反而，表相反含义）,Therefore （因此，表原因）都不符题意。本题难度适中。57 .答案：B考点：本题

48、考查动词辨析解析：switch topics （变换标题）属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss （讨论）、exhaust（汲干、使筋疲力尽）、cover （覆盖、包含）都不符题意。本题难度适中。58 .答案：D考点：本题考查动名词辨析解析：名词drafting （起草）、 rearranging （重新安排）、 performing （表演）都与题意不符。名词training.（培训I）在本句表示"排练"，与上文 dress rehearsals /tryouts同义。本 题难。59 .答案：C考点：本题考查名词辨析解析：名词 audience （观众）与下句 view

49、 your dress rehearsal对应。名词 director （导演）、master （主人、大师）、visitor （来访者）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。60 .答案：B考点：本（考查形容词辨析解析：形容词valuable 表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal （个人白）、 basic （基本白）、 delicate （娇贵的、纤弱的、精美的）都与题意不符。本（难度适中。61 .答案：A考点：本题考查动词辨析解析：动词mix 在本句表示“修改就是把作品所有方面的有效性和适当性融合在一起”。本题难。62 .答案：D考点：本题考查形容词辨析解析：形容词c

50、lear 在本句表示“ 我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰 ” ，与下文 confuse readers 对应。形容词 amazing （令人惊讶的）、 bright （明亮的、聪明的）、 unique （独特的）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。63 .答案：C考点：本（考查名词辨析解析： 后句名称facts、opinions、 inferences 都属于 information ， 与上句 newly discoveredinformation 对应。本（难度适中。64 .答案：A考点：本（考查形容词辨析解析：形容词unnecessary detail沫示“多余的信息”反而使读者困惑、误导 读者。

51、形容词uninteresting （单调的、乏味的）、concrete （具体的）、final （最终的、 决定性的 ） 都与（意不符。本（难。2020 年高考（Passage 1（09 浙江）The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone, and near its end , all the young people in our group began to reflect on what it had meant. We _21_ the first night we had arrived. We had all gone int

52、o the markets of the city _22_ the young people could experience its energy. But what we actually saw simply 23 us all 十he rundown houses, the children in rags, the people begging for money Walking home24 under a low bridge, we came across 25 families of homeless people seeking a bit of dry ground t

53、o sleep on 26 he night. We had to step over bodies as we found our way through the darkness.The poverty（贫困）was 27 than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many 28 and cried. Spending time in this 29 moves a person to care about

54、 humanity.That evening, our group spent hours talking about what we had 30 . Gently, I encouraged everyone to talk about the difficult 31 that day' discoveries had inspired. Sitting together 32 a circle as everyone had a chance to speak, we all began to realize that 33 of us was alone in our str

55、uggle to cope with our reactions.Based on my 34 in poverty-stricken areas, I suggested that 35 the emotions we had were painful, they could also be important in helping us to move forward. We all 36 that we had seen things that should never be allowed to happen. 37, what could we do about it?Togethe

56、r, we began to brainstorm ways we could help to ease the 38 we had seen. As I encouraged group members to focus on 39 they could do, a sense of determination _40 the previous sadness. Instead of despair, these young people began to feel a call to action.21.A.put up withB.got back toC. looked back onD.made up for22.A.now thatB.so thatC. as ifD.even if23.A.puzzledB.annoyedC. embarrassedD.shocke