岩土工程专业词汇

1、精品文档一. 综合类geO,blog1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading 卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual s

2、oil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物5.landslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silt

3、y sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土。1欢迎下载精品文档27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive

4、(swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三.土的基本物理力学性质1.cc compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.c

5、vane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of“at-rest”pressure ,for total stresses1 and 28.K0 domain for effective stresses1 ' and29.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating insta

6、ntaneousloading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio1

7、5.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressur

8、e, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22. 1, 2 principal stresses,1 ' and2denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.m

9、oist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度。2欢迎下载精品文档31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均

10、匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=Internati

11、onal Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy s law达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基

12、应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass 土体。3欢迎下载精品文档13.contact stress (

13、pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载 持续荷载22.live load活载23.short term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term tr

14、ansient load长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) pr

15、incipal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔 - 库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹

16、指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水。4欢迎下载精品文档3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave（基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔

17、压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七 . 深基础 -deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-i

18、n-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.cais

19、son foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力10.lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷

20、载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台。5欢迎下载精品文档16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（）22.efficiency of pil

21、e groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端

22、阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration)（振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八 . 地基处理 -ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion 垫层法3.preloading 预压法4.dynamic compaction 强

23、夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil

24、 compaction pile灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩。6欢迎下载精品文档16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering metho

25、d降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow 褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.repl

26、acement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimen

27、sional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress18.consolidation un

28、der K0 condition K0固结十 . 抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度。7欢迎下载精品文档2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.M

29、ohr-Coulomb theory莫尔库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一 . 本构模型 -constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear e

30、lastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model 邓肯张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔库仑

31、屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二 .地基承载力 -bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical

32、 edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性。8欢迎下载精品文档7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三 . 土压力 -earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb s earth pr

33、essure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四 . 土坡稳定分析 -slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五 .挡土墙 -retaining wall1.stability of retaining w

34、all挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六 .板桩结构物 -sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete s

35、heet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩七.深基础 -deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩。9欢迎下载精品文档piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩

36、基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft

37、 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力10.lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩

38、承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile

39、 integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻。10欢迎下载精品文档35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration

40、)（振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八 . 地基处理 -ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion 垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gr

41、avel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column 水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabil

42、ization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mou

43、ntain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow 褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井。11欢迎下载精品文档34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barr

44、aon s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree

45、 of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十 . 抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.res

46、idual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数。12欢迎下载精品文档十一 . 本构模型 -constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonline