专升本英语词组、语法总结

1、专升本英语词组、语法总结专升本考试日近，为了满足大家的要求，同时实现自己在课堂上的承诺，现在把专升本 语法部分的命题趋势和解题关键整理出来，以期助你们在考试中更有把握的得到该得到 的分数。注意：本文仅为个人非官方非权威预测，与任何机构和个人无关。本文旨在点击重点，以及针对重点 授人以渔”，因此，烦请不要问我能不能 押中”原题。请结合我去年发表的日志 一一硝烟更浓一一开本复习中的重点一文系统复习，充分 备战！ 语法很重要，但不是全部，专升本复习要全面进行，每一块都要合理安排时间不断深化！来到这里看到文章的，都请留下你的脚印。根据过去九年升本考试的考查重点，结合近几年（尤其是 06一一 08年）考

2、察的热门知识 点，可把2010年专升本语法的考察的热点锁定在以下几块：非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒 装结构、定语从句、名词性从句（特别是主语从句和同位语从句）、时态和语态的结合 考察。一、非谓语动词需要掌握的非谓语动词的三种形式：To do动词不式V-ing现在分词Done过去分词1.表目地1.主动，一般的1.完成，被动的2.将来”要做”2.主动，止在进行的2.主动，完成的这里面考察的热点又以现在分词作宾语，主动形式表被动意义，省略to的动词不定式,不定式作宾语，分词作状语（动词不定式）以及几个惯用结构为热点。非谓语动词作宾语： 后面必须跟 V-ing 的动词： avoid/enjoy/deny/

3、finish/mind/prefer 等 to 后面必须跟 to do 的动词：pretend/tend/promise/refuse/fail/manage/hop# 真题范例:豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 1. I don t mind out for a walk in such a bad weather.A. to go B. going C. go D. went2.1 don t understand why he pretended in the garden.A. to see me not B. not to see me C. not seeing

4、me D. seeing me not分词作状语的考察：(这类题的特点是句中有逗号和主句隔开，答案都含有非谓语的形式)解题关键：先找到主句的主语，结合所给答案，判断主语和从句(含有空格的通常是从旬)的关系是主动还是被动，1. from space, our earth, with water covering70% of its surface, appears as aplanet ” .(09.32)A. Seen B. Seeing C. To be seen D. Having seen2. more time, the scientists will be able to work

5、out a good solution to theproblem.(06.14)A. Given B. Giving C. To give D. Be given3. finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.A. Having not been B. Being not C. Not having D. Having not本文所有真题都不再写答案，也请不要问我答案一一你能看到这篇文章说明上过我的课， 如果上过我的课还解不出来题，你现在马上要做的只有三件事 一一深深的自我检讨；疯 狂的翻动书页；向身边比你牛的同学请教。

6、习惯用法的考察： It is no good/use doing sth.例:It is no use crying over spilt milk.后悔没有用.A There is no point/use/good (in) doing sth.干某事没必要 /意义/用处 have a difficulty/trouble/problem/good time/hard time +(in) doing sth二、虚拟语气的考察：虚拟语气的考察点近几年变化不大，主要集中在对过去的虚拟(结合倒装结构考察)虚拟条件句的从何部分如果含有 were, should,或had,可将if省略，再把wer

7、e, should或had移到从旬旬首，实行倒装。豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 , your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train. 04.06)A. Had I not taken B. if I didnt takeC. If I havent taken D. provided I didnt take另外一个考试热点就是虚拟语气在从句中的考察，即在表示建议，要求,命令等意思的动词(request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, c

8、ommand, order , desire, insist,后面的从句中，谓语动词用should桓i词原形(should可以省略,that不能省略)Our director suggested that the news at once.A. announce B. would announce C. be announced D. should announce另外，还有几个固定的结构，如 It is high/about time that / wouldtathferwish的用法/ lest/for fear that引导的结构以及 must have done/can t have

9、 done/ should have done/ shouldn t haveveodo/ieeed1.1 ts high time about the traffic problem. (08.08)A. something was done B. something is doneC. anything will be done D. nothing to be done2. I would rather you to the party with her. (06.29)A. go B. went C. will go D. has gone3. I gave her my teleph

10、one number lest she her way to my home.A. had forgotten B. forgot C. should forget D. would have forgotten(请务必参考上课所记笔记，把这一部分知识点结合精讲过的例题弄透！)三、定语从句的考察：这几年似乎有一个必考的焦点，就是对非限定性定语从句的反复考察，尤其是其中which/as来代指前而整个句子的用法。除此之夕卜还有关系代词 that使用在特殊先行词 all/the only等词之后的考察;介词+关系代词的考察。(怀是要结合笔记针对这几块好好 复习啊)1. She has fallen

11、in love with Jack,I find hard to imagine .(09.28)豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 A. who B. that C. whom D. which2. The sun heats the earth,makes it possible for plants to grow.(06.31)A. that B. where C. which D. what3. All is a continuous supply of fuel. (08.37)A. what is neededB. the thing neededC. that

12、is neededD. for their needs4. Is this the house Shakespeare was bor n?39.09)A. which B. in that C. in which D. at which四、主语从句：主语从旬考察的关键点就在几个特殊词在句首引导的主语从旬，集中在who/whoever/whatever/whether 等词弓 I 导 的主语从句。1.1 eaves the room last ought to turn off the lights .(09.10)A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. W

13、ho2 .his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain .(08.04)A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if3 .you ought to do is to see a doctor( 07.35)A. How B. What C. Which D. That五、倒装结构最近几年考察最多的就是部分倒装，部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装 至主语之前，构成的正确结构应是：助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+实义动词no, not, never, seldom, little, hard

14、ly, scarcely,at no time, in no way, in no case, by no means,on no account, no longer, not until 1. Not until ten oclock it was too late to return.(03.04)A. they realized B. they did realize C. did they realize D. realized they 豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 2. Seldom in such a rude way.(07.31)A. we have

15、been treated B. have we been treatedC. we have treatedD. have we treated3. Little that the police are about to arrest him.A. does he know B. he doesnt know C. he knows D. he didnt know除此之外，only置于句首的倒装；让步状语从句的倒装也在考察的范围：1. Only when we came back home,hat my watch was missin g.06.13)A. did I find B. I

16、found C. I had found D. Had 1 found2.1, water resources have been severely wasted or polluted09.31)A. They are scarce B. Scarce they areC. Scarce as they are D. As scarce they are3. Great the difficulties are, we must do our best to succee d.06.25)A. while B. as C. although D. however六、时态和语态的考察时态除了在

17、09年没有选择题专门考察，以前每年都有专门的考察，在备考中不能忽视，但考察的重点，集中在完成时态：1. I have been to the West Lake three times 1970.A. since B. until C. from D. after2. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmasparty. But we each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. ha

18、ve been; have seenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen3. By the time you arrive in London, we in Europe for two weeks.A shall stay B have stayed C will have stayed Dhave been staying4. 1. The students their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论

19、坛-英语复习 C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned5. Some of the apples were rotten before reaching the market and away.A. could be thrown B. had to be thrownC. could throwD. had to throw第五题答案：B 苹果作主语，只能用被动，从含有被动结构的AB里选择，由该旬旬意判断是苹果在上市前腐烂，因此选择不得不”的选项。be absent from.席, 不在be absorbed inr 神贯注于近： be lost in；be c

20、oncentrated onbe focused o account (= consideration)巴考虑进去ahead of time 提前confess to a crim承认罪行have confidence in寸有信心be confident ofW 信心confidential 机密的o consideration(=o accounft)虑至U, 把考虑进去considerate thoughtful of the need哪贴的，考虑他人需要的，considerabl审目当大的，值得考虑的contrast.with.把与相

21、对(对照)in contrast to/with 和 形成对比by contrastM 比之下take sth. under control 极)控制住豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 out of control无法控制be convenient to/fo对 方便cope with(= deal with, try to find a solution toW付，处理at all costW惜任何代价at the cost o似为代价emerge from(= appear, become known)B现，暴露(问题，意见等 )end up with以而结束engage

22、 in或 be engaged in忙于，从事be equipped with装备有, 装有except(= but)除了except for(= apart from)除以外 be good for对有好处；对有作用be good at 长于；be good to寸好take.for granted(= assume to be trueE认为理所当然的be in the habit of 习惯于get (fall) into the habit of养成了的习惯live from hand to mouth勉强度日，现挣现吃at heart(=in reality)内心里，实际上in on

23、es heart(of hearts内心深处，事实上by heart(=by memory)熟t己，背(诵)with all ones heart全心全意地，真心实意be ignorant of(= lacking knowledge)寸不了解，不知道make (leave)an impression on sb.= give sb.an impressions留下印象make the most (use)o院分禾用 gift talentby nature 天生的，生来 in nature 本质上 natural豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 name after用的名字

24、命名nothing but只有，不过而已none other than不是另U人，正是 it occurs to sb.that.某人想至 Uall at once仁 suddenly, now)立即, 马上once in a whilep occasionally尔in order井井有条，处于良好状态；out of order(= in bad condition)毛病，发生故障participate in(=take part in)参力口be patient with 对 而寸心perform on the piano(= play the piano旗奏车风琴persist in坚持

25、，固执in person亲自，当面come to the poin腺主要问题there is no point in doing sth 必要做某事point at(= indicate, direct attention方旨着point out(= indicate, show方旨出，指明popular with/among大众所喜爱的，拥戴resort to诉诸于，求助于resort to force诉诸于武力respond to对反应，响应，对(药)有效in response to(= as an answer to归答，反应be responsible for寸负责，是造成 原因res

26、ult in(= cause后致with the result that 其结果是豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 in return(for)作为报答；以报答(for) get rid of摆脱，去掉，除去be in the right 正确的；in the wrong 错误的give rise to(= lead to)!H起，导致at the risk of(= with danger of)冒的风险for the sake of(= for the good or advantage。明了起见be satisfied with两意on a large scaled 规

27、模地on schedule按时，准时ahead of schedule前；in advance预先；behind schedul醉后于计划进度，晚于规定时间in search of寻找；in honor of为了表示对 敬意；in memory of 为了 纪念；in pursuit of 追求；on behalf of代表的利益；in favor of 赞成 ；in season 旺季in secret秘密地；in private 私下share sth.with与分享，分担，分摊，共用be sorry about/for懊悔的，后悔的，难过的specialize in专门研究，专攻in s

28、pite of(= despite尽管豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 stick to粘着，坚持 stick to ones friend忠于朋友stick at(= continue to work hard at雕续勤奋地致力于；stick at ones booksft 奋读书be strict with对严格要求be/go on strike!工suffer from 患病； 受苦痛be suitable for(= fit)适合的 be surprised atM惊奇；take.by surprise 使惊奇；to ones surpris侬某人惊奇in good

29、 taste大方，彳#体；(反意)in bad taste小家子气in terms of(= with regard to； respectively按照，根据，在 方面think of(=have the idea of思至U; ( = consider考虑；(=remember)想起on second thought 经再三考虑之后at the thought of一想至 Ufor the time being仁 temporarily)暂时in time (for)及时on time 准时at no time无论何时也不 in on time(= very quickly)立即, 马上a

30、t times(= occasionally同或, 时常at all times(= always)台终，总是be in use (= be usedjK使用；be out of use(= be on longer use坏再被使用be used t V-ing 习惯于used t动词原形(过去常常做)in vain(= useless咏劳be in the way(= obstructive的事, 阻碍豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 http:ZZwww.dOby way of(= by going through轻由，取道by the way(= in additio

31、n)顺带地(转移话题)in no way无论怎样也不in a way从某种程度上说against ones wil违心地，违背意愿地in a word 总之；in other words 换言之；have a word with sb谈一谈；have words with sb. 吵；hav the last word 有决定权一时态1 .时间状语从旬，条件旬中，从何用一般现在时代替将来时When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless,

32、 even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately典型例题(1) He said he me a present unless I in doing the experiment.A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeedC. will not give; succeedD. would not give; will succeed.答案B.在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said,故为过去式。主

33、句用将来时，故选B.此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。2 .表示意图、打算、安排”、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, sta殍。Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?二非谓语动词1 .感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feeJ+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 2 .独立主格

34、结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.=When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。This done, we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。H

35、e came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆该结构否定式：在非谓语动词前加直接Not （考的这可是内部教材上的原题！）2009年专升本考试原题20.finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.A. Having not been B. Being notC. Not having D. Having not三虚拟语气1.It is (high) time that后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可

36、省略。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed.2 .虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should,或had,可将if省略，再把 were, should 或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If

37、you had come earlier, you would have met him.3 .a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should（ would） +动词原形If they were here, they would help you.豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。（在各类考试中，该结构常把had提前构成倒装）句型：条件从旬主旬过去完成时 should（would） have+过去分词If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.2009 年专升本原题：3

38、0., everything would have been all right.A. He had been thereB. Been here he hadD. Had he been here主句should+动词原形would +动词原形C. Here he had beenc.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句一般过去时were+不定式should+动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to s

39、ucceed, everything would be all right.考点:虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do 例:I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.2009年原题：6. The teacher insisted that we our homework before 9:00 o clockA. finis

40、hed B. had finishedC. finish D. was finishing四倍数的表达a.主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size （amount, length加 The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的 49 倍。（考察频率最高的结构考试中出现该题型的话，特别注意：红色部分单词变化较多）b.主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。c.主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+形容词（副词）比较级+ than The grain

41、 output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。五强调结构豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子。It is (was)被强调部分+ that (who) +句子其他部分。典型例题1) It was last nightI see the comet.A. the time B. when C. that D. which答案C.强调句的结构是：It +be +强调部分+ that (who) +主谓旬。 强调句的连词 只有两个，that和who。

42、当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 who”,其余用 that。2) It is ten years Miss Green returned to Canada.A. that B. when C. since D. as答案C.考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that.其实本旬不是强调何。若是，去掉 It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本旬去掉 It is 中刎剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada.不成句。因此本旬不是强调旬。2009年专升本原题：15. It was at the music hall we met each

43、other for the first time.A. when B. where C. which D. that(待续)(接着往下看喽)1 .介词+关系词(常用 which,whom,whose1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2 ) that前不能有介词。3)判断该类题型时特别注意：所选介词一定要和从句中出现的动词(考的最多)或形容 词搭配成短语This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.3 .as, which 非限定性定语从句豆丁 sunny

44、smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which 可代整个主句，相当于 and this或and that。As一般 放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.4 .As的用法例1. the same, as ； such,as 中的 as 是种固定 结构，和,，一样,，。I have got into the same trouble as he (has)

45、.He is not the sameman as he used to be.例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.5 .特殊句式（考题中常给出迷惑性的选项 anyone或 who,除非它们一起出现，否则一定是用Whoevei）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以由 anyone who 代替）6 .时间状语从句中的 when

46、 while as1） as, when引导短暂性动作的动词。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或whileWhen you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）从句表示随时间推移连词能用as,不用when或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。6 .主谓一致（你一定要拿到的一分）a

47、.当主语后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词弓I起的 短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.b.当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 There is a pen, a knife and several bo

48、oks on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.c.当eitheror与neithernor连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一 致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语 一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.d.在一些短语，如 many a或more than one所修饰的词作主

49、语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。Many a person has read the novel.许多人者日读过这本书。More than 60 percent of the students are from the cityj 分之六十多的学生都来自这个 城市。7 .倒装结构（历年最常考的部分倒装）部分倒装是指：将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。（注意：正确选项中的选项通常是:情态动词/助动词/be动词（倒装部分）+主语+实义动 词）（特别注意：考试时除了注意倒装结构的形式正确外，还要注意时态！ ！ ！）常考的

50、倒装情况：a.旬首为否定或半否定的词语， 如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。b.否定词开头的部分倒装Not only but

51、 also, Hardly/Scarcely - when, No sooner thanNot only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.c.only在句首要到装Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only afte

52、r being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.d. so neither nor引导的部分倒装豆丁 sunny smile 专升本论坛-英语复习 表示也、也不的句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I.8 .特殊词的用法：worth, worthy, worthwhile 都为

53、adj.意为值得。1. worth： be worth + n.当名词为金钱时，表示 值得be worth doing sth.某事值得被做The question is not worth discussing again and again.2. worthy： be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示值得be worthy to be done 某事值彳#被做The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.3. worthwhile: be worthwhile to do sth值得做某事worth wh

54、ile : It is worth while doing sthIt is worth while sb to do sth.9 .热门考点：1.主动表被动：在need, require, want, worth形容词），deserve后的动名词必须用主动形 式。 例：This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。2009年专升本考试原题：8. The garden requires.A. watering B. being wateredC. to water D. having watered2.几个必背句型：It s no use crying over spilt milk.It is no good learning without practiceIt is worthwhile taking this into consideration.2009年专升本原题：17. It is no use me not to worry abou