2012高考英语精选备考试题（含详解）阅读理解

1、做好题，得高分，精选习题，真给力！（）2012高考英语精选备考题库系列（含详解）阅读理解（二）备战2012高考，精选阅读200篇，适合高三上学期使用，希望对大家有帮助。（2011年8月）Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or

2、 from the nearby fields.Components of SoilSoil is made up of a number of layers (层) , each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is known as the litter. It acts like a blanket，limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particl

3、es of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus (腐殖质), which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients, oxygen, and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil, a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matt

4、er. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to g

5、row，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada ，for example ，was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.Water Beneath the SoilSurface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes ，ponds, and rivers. Once in the soi

6、l or rock, it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.As water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matter and m

7、inerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers.This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.Soil pHSoil can be acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed，and by the nature of the plants th

8、at grow and rot in it.The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal ，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned，gases are released into the air an

9、d then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases.语篇解读本文是一篇科普文，介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的pH对于植物生长的影响。1The layer of soi

10、l that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called_.A. litterB. topsoilC. humus D. subsoil解析考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的“The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant.which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.This layer is usually rich in nutrients”可知给植物提

11、供必要营养的土层是topsoil layer。答案B2According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.D. Groundwater tends to carry away

12、 nutrients for plant growth.解析考查细节判断。根据文章第二段中的“Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter.This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus”可知，并不是土层深，它的颜色就深。答案B3We can infer from the passage that the water table lies_

13、.A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layerB. in the subsoil layer above bedrockC. between the subsoil layer and bedrockD. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil解析考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的“Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table.Under this is bedrock through which water cannot p

14、ercolate”可知water table是位于bedrock之上的一个土层，它是独立存在的不属于其他层，因此选项C正确。答案C4The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are_.A. rushed away into the riverB. cleaned and purified by waterC. destroyed and carried away by waterD. mixed with water and beco

15、me part of it解析考查词义猜测。根据本句中的“.and carries them to deeper layers”可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的。答案DThe latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor of success.Instead, it s purposeful practice.Top performers spend more

16、hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, sa

17、y, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self.It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday jo

18、in.It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.Shed be a

19、ble to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and errorfocused. By practising in this way，she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into uncons

20、cious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the ou

21、tside, correcting the smallest errors，pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems how do I get characters into a room dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.The primary quality

22、our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics

23、 and what were “hardwired” to do. And its true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behavior.语篇解读你依然认为天才由基因决定，认为自己不可能成为天才吗？一项新的研究表明：成功并不取决于人的IQ，而是通过后天有目的的训练得来的。1The passage mainly deals with_.A. the function of IQ in cultivati

24、ng a writerB. the relationship between genius and successC. the decisive factor in making a geniusD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction解析主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了决定成功的主要因素并不是IQ，而是些后天的、有目的的训练和努力。所以C项正确。A、B两项不符合文章意思；D项不具体。答案C2By reading novels and writers stories, the girl could_.A. come to understand

25、the inner structure of writingB. join a fascinating circle of writers somedayC. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesD. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security解析细节判断题。依据文章第二段的“This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.Shed be able to see new writing in deepe

26、r ways and quickly understand its inner workings.”可知A项正确。答案A3In the girl s long painstaking training process，_.A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successB. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performanceC. she acquires the magic of some great achievementsD. she comes

27、to realize she is “hardwired” to write解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“By practising in this way，she delays the automatizing process.Her mind wants to turn conscious，newly learned skills into unconscious，automatically perfomed skills.”可知B项正确。答案B4What can be concluded from the passage?A. A fuelling ambition plays a

28、leading role in one s success.B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.C. As to the growth of a genius, IQ doesn t matter, but just his/her efforts.D. What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.解析推理判断题。文章主要讲述：一个人的成功并不是由IQ决定的而是通过后天的努力训练得来的。D项“重要的不是你是谁而是

29、你做了什么”符合文章主旨大意。答案D237 West Palmdale BoulevardFresno, California 93706AmToy CorporationSuite 15TransAm BuildingSan Francisco, California 94115November 20,2008Dear Sirs，As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for ElectroRobo seen in local media in California. Specifica

30、lly, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached to this letter)published the week of November 15.Children respond to your type of advertising in an immature way；that is, they are unable to understand how expensive some toys are for middleclass parents. Further, your product is violent in

31、 nature. Your advertisement gives children the impression that its fine to have“two guns and laser eyes. ”You also suggest that children need your toy to protect them“when you go outside. ”This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way

32、 that may harm our children.Sincerely yours，(Mrs.) Alma HernandezPresident, Parents for Nonviolent ToysEnc.Its Here ! Ready for You, Now ! Its ElectroRobo !Every boy dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true! ElectroRobo is the worlds first fully automatic robot

33、with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, ElectroRobo is like a friend at home. He can walk, talk, and even shake your hand! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him. Every boy needs ElectroRobo !Ask your Mom and Dad to buy ElectroRobo for your

34、birthday or for Christmas, which is coming up soon. Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, ElectroRobo!Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW! 语篇解读本文是家长写给一家玩具公司的一封抗议信，反对该公司有误导倾向的广告及有暴力倾向的产品。1What is the purpose of the letter?A. To complain about a broken toy.B. To op

35、pose the advertising.C. To order a gift for Christmas.D. To apply for a job in a toy company.解析推理判断题。通读文章可知，写这封信的意图是反对这家公司所做的具有暴力倾向和有误导之嫌的广告，故选B。答案B2Why does the writer of the letter feel that ElectroRobo is violent?A. It is controlled by radio waves.B. It is expensive to buy.C. It is 80 centimeters

36、 tall.D. It bears arms.解析事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第二句He has two guns and laser eyes.可知这玩具持有武器。答案D3What does“Enc. ”at the end of the letter mean?A. Something attached to the letter.B. A complaint to the toy company.C. A hidden message.D. An encouraging response.解析猜测词义题。由下面的附加广告可以推出该词的含义为“附文”。答案A4ElectroRobo c

37、an do all the following EXCEPT_.A. sitting downB. shaking handsC. talking D. walking解析事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第三句描述该电动机器人的He can walk，talk，and even shake your hand！可知四个选项中只有A没有提及，故选A。答案AIt was the first snow of winter an exciting day for every child but not for most teachers. Up until now, I had been able t

38、o dress myself for recess (课间休息), but today I would need some help.Miss Finlayson, my kindergarten teacher at Princess Elizabeth School near Hamilton，Ontario，had been through first snow days many times in her long career, but l think she may still remember this one.I managed to get into my wool snow

39、 pants. But I struggled with my jacket because it didn t fit well. It was a handmedown from my brother, and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes. At least my hat and matching scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots

40、. In her calm, motherly voice she said, “By the end of winter, you will be able to put on your own boots. ”I didnt realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence.I handed her my boots and stuck out my feet. Like most children, I expected the adult to do all the work. A

41、fter much wiggling and pushing, she managed to get the first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too.I announced, “They re on the wrong feet. ”With the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting the

42、m on again.Then I said，“ These arent my boots, you know.” As she pulled the offending boots from my feet, she still managed to look both helpful and interested. Once they were off, I said，“They are my brother s boots. My mother makes me wear them, and I hate them ！” Somehow, from long years of pract

43、ice，she managed to act as though I wasnt an annoying little girl.She pushed and shoved, less gently this time, and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet. With a great sigh of relief, seeing the end of her struggle with me, she asked, “Now，where are your gloves？”I looked into her e

44、yes and said，“ I didn t want to lose them, so I put them into the toes of my boots.”语篇解读本文通过为小作者穿靴子的故事，描写了老师的善解人意和小女孩的顽皮。1According to the passage, the little girl got_from her brother.A. the wool snow pants and the jacketB. the jacket and the bootsC. the jacket and the hatD. the boots and the glove

45、s解析考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的“.my jacket because it didnt fit well.It was a handmedown from my brother.”与第四段中的“These arent my boots.They are my brothers boots.My mother makes me wear them”可知作者穿的是她哥哥的夹克与靴子。答案B2What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on?A. The gloves in the to

46、es of the boots.B. The slowness of the teacher.C. The wrong size of the boots.D. The unwillingness of the girl.解析考查细节理解。根据文章的最后一段的“I didnt want to lose them，so I put them into the toes of my boots”可知让帮助穿鞋的老师费了那么多耐心与力气的是藏在鞋子里的手套。答案A3It can be inferred that before the little girl finally went out to e

47、njoy the first snow of winter, the teacher had to help her put on her boots_.A. onceB. twiceC. three times D. four times解析考查推理判断。从文章第三段与第四段可知老师要帮小作者穿四次鞋：第一次是穿错了脚，第二次是脱下来重新穿上，第三次是作者说了“The arent my boots”之后，她又把鞋脱下来，当听说是作者的妈妈非让作者穿哥哥的鞋后，又把它们给作者穿上，第四次是听说手套被放在鞋子里了，就又脱下来重新穿了一次(文中没有点明，但可推出)。答案D4Which of the

48、 following sentences from the text BEST indicates that the teacher is very considerate?A. In her calm, motherly voice she said，“ By the end of winter.”( Paragraph 2)B. With the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to. (Paragraph 4)C. .she still managed to look both helpful and interes

49、ted. ( Paragraph 4 )D. .she managed to act as though I wasnt an annoying little girl. ( Paragraph 4 )解析考查细节理解。经过多年的磨砺，老师每次给她穿鞋都是那么有耐心，好像一点也不把小女孩的顽皮放在心上，这足以说明老师很体贴人。答案DAn increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于) the global economic crisis awakening a

50、 public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at Al

51、evel were also up.Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his firstyear lectures which are open to students from all departments were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.“There are a large number of students who are not ec

52、onomics majors, who would like to learn something about it.One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hash t traditionally done，” he added.University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects.

53、 Nursing saw a 15% jump, with peoples renewed interest in careers in the public sector(部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children

54、 had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “Its possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that s financially wiser and better

55、 equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty. ”语篇解读本文主要讲述了金融危机下学生们开始更多地选择与经济有关的专业这一现象。1Professor John Beath s lectures are_.A. given in a traditional wayB. connected with the present situationC. open to both students and their parentsD. warmly received by economists解析事实细节题。从

56、第四段第二句话可知他把教学与当前的一些重大事件紧密相连，即贴近现实生活，故B(与当前的形势相联系)为正确答案。答案B2Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their_.A. greater stability B. higher payC. fewer applications D. better reputation解析事实细节题。从第五段最后可知在当前金融危机下这些公共部门的工作以其安全性和稳定性吸引了求职者，故A(极大的稳定性)为正确答案。答案A3In the opinion of most parent

57、s，_.A. economics should be the focus of school teachingB. more students should be admitted to universitiesC. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthenedD. children should solve financial problems themselves解析事实细节题。由倒数第二段的内容可知应该“加强关于经济问题方面的教学”，答案为C。答案C4According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters _.A. wiser in money managementB. have access to better equipmentC. confident about