英语同义词近义词辨析

1、英语同义词近义词辨析1、 a number of, the number ofa number of +可数名词,谓语用复数,意为许多,大量的 the number of +可数名词,谓语用单数,意为 的数目2、 able, capable, competentable 为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,搭配是 be able to do s.th。 如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。 capable 指满足一般要求的能力,搭配是 be capable of +doing。competent 指 “ 胜任 ” ,

2、 “ 合格 ” ,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。 3、 above all; after all; at all; in allabove all意为 “ 尤其是 ” 、 “ 首先 ” 、 “ 最重要的是 ” , 常位于句首或句中, 作插入语, 起强调作用。 如:But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。after all 意为 “ 毕竟 ” 、 “ 终究 ” 、 “ 终归

3、 ” 、 “ 到底 ” ,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句 末。如:After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。He is, after all, a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。He failed after all.他终于失败了。at all 用于否定句时,意为 “ 丝毫;根本 ” ,用于疑问句时意为 “ 究竟;到底 ” ,用于条件句时, 常译为 “ 当真;实在 ” 。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等 ,意 为 “ 竟然 ” 等。如:He doesnt like yo

4、u at all.他根本不喜欢你。Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?If you do it at all, do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。in all意为 “ 总共 ” ,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如:There are 25,000 Inuit in all. (=In all, there are 25,000 Inuit. 这儿共有 25,000因努伊特人。 4、 aboard, abroad, board, broadab

5、oard 在船(或飞机,车上。如:I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车 。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.5、 accept, receiveaccept 接受, receive“ 接到 ” , “ 收到 ” 。 如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didnt acc

6、ept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。 6、 accident, incident, eventaccident 事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故incident“ 附带事件 ” ,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。event “ 事件 ” ,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会 的事件。7-accurate, correct, exact, preciseaccurate 准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。

7、 correct“ 正确的 ” ,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有 “ 无错误的 ” 意味。它的反义词是 incorrect, wrong.exact“ 精确的 ” , “ 恰好的 ” ,比 “ 大体上正确 ” 更进一步,表 “ 丝毫不差 ” 。它的反义词是 inexact 。 precise 强调 “ 精确 ” , “ 精密 ” 。8、 accuse, charge, sueaccuse 指责,指控,常与 of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.charge 常与 with 搭配。如:The police charged the driver w

8、ith reckless driving.sue 常与 for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.9、 acquire, require, inquireacquire 取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识inquire 打听,询问。如:inquire a persons name(问一个人的姓名require 需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。 10、 adopt, adaptadopt (1 收养。 如:Since they have no chi

9、ldren of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。 (2采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。 adopt 与 adapt 词形相近,后者的意思是 “ 使适合 ” , “ 改编 ” 等。11、 advantage, benefit, profitadvantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。

10、 profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如 Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗? benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。 如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人 从这家企业中并不获益。 12、 affect, effectaffect 影响(动词 。如 Smoking affects health.effect 效果,影响(名词 。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.13、 afford, provide, s

11、upply都有 “ 提供,供给 ” 的意思。afford 一般只用于抽象事物。provide 和 supply 意思相同,两个词都和 with 连用,构成 provide /supply somebody with something 的结构。14、 ago, beforeago 表示以现在为起点的 “ 以前 ” ,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。before 指过去或将来的某时刻 “ 以前 ” ,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。 例如, I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the f

12、ilm before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。15、 agree on; agree to; agr ee withagree on作 “ 就 取得一致意见 ” 解。例如:The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。agree to有两层含义和用法:其一是 to 作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作 “ 同意(答应做某事 ” 解。例如:My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。其二是 to 作为介词,之后跟表示

13、“ 计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词 ” 。例如:They have a greed to our plan. 他们已同意我们的计划。agree with 作 “ 同意某人的意见 ” 解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示 “ 意见 ” 或 “ 说 的话 ” 的名词或从句。例如:He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意见。We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话。16、 alive, living, livealive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。living 可用于人或物,作

14、定语时可前可后。live 只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。17、 almost, nearly一般说来, almost 比 nearly 表示的意思更接近 “ 开始 ” 、 “ 完成 ” (目标等。在 all, every, always 前, 两者都可用。 如:He is almost (nearly smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。 almost 可同 never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用, 而 nearly 却不能。 如:Almost no one believed her. (几乎没人相信他。 18、 alone, lonelyalone 只表

15、 “ 独自 ” 的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语; lonely 表 “ 孤独 ” , :“ 寂寞 ” ,能作定 语和表语。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。 alone, only均可表 “ 只有 ” ,但 alone 须置于被修饰词之后, only 往往置于被修饰词前。如:He alone (Only he can remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。 19、 altogether , all togetheraltogether 总计,总共。如:Altogether ther

16、e are six of us. (我们总计六人。 all together 全都在一起。 如:We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。 20、 although; though; as三者均可表示 “ 尽管;虽然 ” ,引导让步状语从句。 although 用法较正式,语气较强; though 较常用; as 则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:Ø 状语从句由 although, though或 as 引导, 主句之前不可有 but, and, so, however等并列连词, 但可有 yet 或 still 等副

17、词。 although 与 though 常可互换。例如:Although /Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。 Ø as 表示 “ 尽管; 虽然 ” , 只能用于倒装句, 即:将表语、 状语或谓语动词放在 as 之前。 though 也可这么用。例如:Y oung as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略 a 。例如:Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign

18、languages. 虽然他是个孩子, 但他会说两门外 语。Ø though 可以放在句末,表示 “ 但是 ” , although 却不能。例如:They said they would come; they did not, though. 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。 Ø although 只用来陈述 “ 事实 ” ,不能表示 “ 假设 ” 。因此可以说 even though“ 即使 ” 以及 as though“ 好像 (=as if” ,不能说 even although或 as although。例如:I believe you are on dutye

19、ven though youre in plain clothes. 尽管你穿着便衣, 我相信你是在 值勤。21、 among, betweenamong 在 中间(三者或三者以上之间 。如:Our house is hidden among trees.between 在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.22、 answer , reply, respond用作动词,都可表 “ 回答 ” , “ 答复 ” 。answer 是常用词,后可接 letter (回信 , question (回答问题

20、, doorbell (开门 , telephone(接电话 , advertisement (应征广告等。reply 较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与 to 连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了 我信中提的问题。 respond 作 “ 回答 ” 解,用得较少,也同 to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他 很快就回答了问题。 另外, respond 还可表 “ 对 反应 ” , “ 响应 ” 。23、 approve, proveapprove (1赞成,同意。如:I dont approve

21、of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。 (2批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。prove 和 approve 词形相似, prove 是 “ 证明 ” , “ 表明是 ” 等。24、 arise/rise/raise/ arousearise 是一个不及物动词,意思是 “ 起源于(和 from 连用和 “ 出现 ” 。rise 是一个不及物动词,意思是 “ 上升 ” ,该词是不及物动词:rise, rose, risenraise 是一个及物动词,意思是 “ 举起 ” 。arouse 的意思是 “

22、 引起,导致 ” 。Black smoke rose from the chimney.He is too weak to raise that heavy box.Accidents usually arise from carelessness .A crisis has arisen in their marrige.Matts behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.25、 as (so far as; as (so long asØ as (so far as的意思是 “ 就 而言(所知 ” , as (so

23、far as sth. is concerned是其中一种 具体用法,意为 “ 就某事而言 ” ; as (so long as意为 “ 只要 ” ,引导条件状语从句。如:As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。There is nothing that we cant do so /as long as we keep on trying to do it.只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。As far as th

24、e tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。26、 as though; even though; thoughØ as though(=as if ,意为 “ 好像;似乎 ” ,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如:He spoke as though(as if he had been here before.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。 It looks as if(as though it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。Ø even

25、though(=even if ,意为 “ 即使 ” ,引导让步状语从句。 though 也引导让步状语从句, 意为 “ 虽然 ” ; even though有退一步设想的意味,与 though 不同。 though 引导的句子所说的是 事实, even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如:He will not tell the secret even though(even if he knows it. 即使他知道这个秘密, 他也不肯说 出来。He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。2

26、7、 assure, ensure, insureassure 的意思是 “ 使 (某人 确信 ” , 一般用作:assure sb. of /that , 后面不能直接跟 that 从句。 ensure 的意思是 “ 保证 ” ,后面可以接双宾语,也可以接 that 从句。insure 的意思是 “ 给 上保险 ” 。例如:He assured me that it was true.We cant ensure you a good post.My house is insured against fire.28、 at the beginning; in the beginning

27、16; at the beginning 在 初; 在 开始的时候。 常与 of 连用。 例如:Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。Ø in the beginning 相当于 at first ,表示 “ 起初、开始 ” 时,含 “ 起初是这种情况,而后来却不 是这种情况 ” 之意,不与 of 连用。例如:In the beginning , some of us took no interest in physics . 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。29、 at t

28、he time; at that time; at one time; at a timeØ at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的 “ 当时 ” 、 “ 那时 ” 。例如:Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情 的发生。有时, at the time的后面可接 “of . . . ” 短语。 这时, 它表示 “ 在 (某事态 发生的时候 ” 或 “ 在 的时代 ” 。例如:Were you in San Francisco at the time of th

29、e big earth quake in 19891989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗?Ø at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、 时候。 通常其后不带 “of . . . ” 短语。 例如: In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time(=At the 17th century the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.Ø at one time=during a p

30、eriod of time in the past意为 “ 过去有一段时期 ” , “ 曾经 ” 。例如: They used to be good friends at one time. 他们曾经是好朋友。Ø at a time则意为 “ 一次 ” ,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例 如:Dont speak all at once. One at a time, please. 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 这些药每天服三次,

31、 每次服三粒。30、 awake, wake, waken都可作动词。awake 既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。wake 常指 “ 睡醒 ” ,多为不及物动词。waken 多用作及物动词,常指 “ 吵醒 ” , “ 惊醒 ” 。31、 await, waitawait 是及物动词。如:I await your further instructions.wait“ 等 ” 、 “ 等候 ” ,是不及物动词,后常接介词 for 。如:I will wait for you at the school gate. 32、 award, prize, rewardaward, reward作动词。

32、 award 意为 “ 授予 (奖品, 奖金等 ” , 后面可跟双宾语; reward 意为 “ 报 酬 ” , “ 酬谢 ” ,只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。award, prize, reward作名词时, award 常指奖金,奖品; prize 多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得 的奖; reward 则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。33、 because /since /as /forØ 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是 as , because , since 是从属连词,引导原因 状语从句, for 是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前

33、面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为 becausesinceasfor 。 because 引导的 从句多置于句末, 表示直接的原因或理由, 表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系, 在回答 why的提问时,必须用 because 作答。如:We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。Ø as 与 since 引导的从句多置于句首,不过 as 表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关 系,可译为 “ 因为、由于 ” ;而 since 则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,一般可译为 “ 既然 ” 。 如:As he was not fee

34、ling well, I decided to go there alone.由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。 Since everyone is here, let's start.既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。Ø for 引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由, 或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如:There must be nobody in the classroom, for the light is off.教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。 (推测性理由34、 beat, winbeat 表在比赛和战斗中打败对手,后接对手作

35、宾语。Win 作及物动词时,其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如:He has won the race.(他 赢得了赛跑的胜利。 35、 beside, besidesbeside 在 旁边。如:Come and sit beside me.besides 除 之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.36、 besides ; except ; butØ 三者都可以用作介词。 用于肯定句中时, except /but 意为 “ 除 外 (不再有 ” ; besides 意为 “ 除 外(还有 ” 。请比较:All of

36、them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong. 除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong. 除了吴东看过那部影片外, 他们也都看过了。 Ø except 后接名词、代词、-ing 或不定式时,可以与 but 互换; except 后接副词、介词短 语时,一般不能为 but 所替换。如:Ill do everything except/but cook. 除了做饭,我什么事情都干。This window is never opened except in su

37、mmer. 除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。Ø 用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如:There arent any other people to do the work except/but /besides you.除了你,没人能做这工作。37、 be known as; be known for; be known to; be known inØ be known as 意为 “ 作为 而著名 ” ,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如: Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。Were sure youll be well-

38、known as an artist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。Ø be known for 意为 “ 因 而著名 ” ,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如: Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。Ø be known to “ 为 所了解/知道 ” ,其后接表

39、示人的词语。 “ (人们都知道 ” ,其后接 动词原形。如:He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things. 人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。38、 borrow, lendborrow 借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?lend 把 借给。如:Can you lend me your bike?39、 bring/take/fetc

40、h/carrybring (vt.带来:表示从别处把某人或某物拿到说话者处。take (vt. 取走:表示将某物从讲话者处带走fetch (vt. 去取:表示到某地将某物或某人拿到讲话者处。carry (vt. 携带:表示用人力或交通工具把某物或某人, 从一地带到另一地。 该动词不含 方向意味。The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it.The citys underground carries more people than the buses.Y ou had better tak

41、e an umbrella with you in case of rain.Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please.40、 cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接 of sth./doing sthreason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 41、 chance, opportunity, occasionchance 多指偶然的机会, 意外的机会, 带有侥幸的意味。 如:Even so, it was a lucky

42、 chance that he could do it.(即使如此,那也是他凭着侥幸才做到这点。 opportunity 主要指能够去做某事,尤其是达到自己目的,实现某种愿望的好机会。如:Y ou should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.(你应 该尽量利用你的机会去看看这个国家,学习它的语言。 occasion 主要指 “ 时机 ” , “ 场合 ” , 也含有 “ 机会 ” 的意思。 如:The flags are hung out on the oc

43、casion of the National Day. (每逢国庆节,国旗都悬持出来了。 42、 childish, childlikechildish 幼稚的。 如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant. childlike 孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face. 43、 cloth, clothingcloth 布。如:I need three yards of

44、cloth to make a suit.clothing 衣服(总称 。如:Y oud better give all the old clothing away.44、 comparewith; comparto; compared with/toØ comparewith 意为 “ 把 与 相比 ” ,侧重指两者间的区别。如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,你就会发现它们之间的区别。Ø compareto 意为 “

45、把 比作 ” ,着重注意两者间的相似点。如:This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。Ø compare 既可以单独用作及物动词, 也可用作不及物动词。 用作不及物动词时, 以 compare with 形式出现,表示 “ 与 相比 ” 。如:Living here cant compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活相比。 If you compare the two words, you can tell the difference betwe

46、en them.如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。Ø compared with 和 compared to 都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。如: Compared to/with him, you are lucky. 与他相比,你是幸运的。It was a small town then, compared to/with what it is now. 和现在比起来,那时它还是个小 镇。45、 compose, consist, constitutecompose 为常用词, 常用被动语态, 如用主动语态, 主语应用复数形式。 如:Twelve men co

47、mpose a jury. (十二人组成陪审团。 consist 表一个整体由几个部分组成(只能用主动语态 。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(联合王国是由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组 成。 constitute 为正式用词, 与 consist 相反, 表由哪些部分构成整体。 如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二个月。 46、 considerable, considerateconsiderable 相当多的,可观的。如:He met a conside

48、rable amount of trouble.(他遇到了许多 麻烦。 considerate 考虑周到的, 体谅的。 如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人, 不打扰我们。 47、 consistent, constant, continual, continuousconsistent 一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.constant 不断的,表示持续和惯常的重现,往往没有变化。如:He attributes his health to his

49、 constant exercise.continual 频频的,不停的,时断时续,中间可有间歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health. continuous 不断延伸的, 连续不断的, 强调中间无间断。 如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.48、 cost/take/spend/paycost (vt.花费:指花费金钱、劳力和时间。主语通常是事或物,可跟双宾语。take (vt. 花费:指花费时间。主语通常是一件事,也可以跟双宾语。spend (

50、vt. 花费:指花费时间和金钱,主语总是人。可以形成 spendon sth./in doing sth. 结构。pay (vt.&vi. 付钱, 后面可以跟双宾语, 也可以当不及物动词使用, 形成 pay for sth.结构。 比较:Electricity will cost more than it did last year.It will take me two days to finish the work.In the past few years the factory spent a lot of money improving its working conditi

51、ons.Dicks uncle has to pay for his education as his father has come down in the world.49、 crack, crashcrack (使破裂,砸开。如:I can crack it, but I cant break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它 弄破。 crash 摔坏,坠毁。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。 50、 cure, treatcure 治愈,医治。如:The medicine will cure of y

52、our disease.(这药能治好你的病。 cure 表示治好, treat 只表示 “ 给 治病 ” 。51、 current, present均可表 “ 现在 ” , “ 目前 ” 。current 强调在现阶段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (当代英语 present 为常用词, 指现在正在通用的, 在时间上比 current 的范围更窄。 如:Whats your present address? (你现住址是哪里?52、 custom, habit均可表习惯。custom 为正式用词,多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。habit 为常用词, 多指个

53、人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。 如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的坏习惯。 53、 damage; destroy; ruin这三个词都有 “ 破坏;损坏 ” 的意思,区别如下:Ø damage 意为 “ 损坏、破坏 ” 。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值 或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再用。也 可用于表示损坏抽象的东西 , 有时该词也用于借喻。如:The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but

54、five people were seriously hurt.汽车在事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness .长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损 伤。What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。Smoking has damaged his health badly. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。Ø damage 还可用作可数或不可

55、数名词。如:The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。 Ø destroy 意为 “ 破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭 ” ,通常指程度非常严重的 “ 毁坏 ” ,一般情况下不 可以修复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。如:The big fire destroyed the whole house. 这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the end what was dest

56、royed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people . 纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量 所摧毁。Ø ruin 多用于借喻之中, 有时泛指一般性的破坏, 指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。 如: My new coat is ruined.我的外套不能再穿了。The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man 我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。54、 dependent, independ

57、entdependent 依赖的,依靠的(on, upon 。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.Independent 不依靠的,独立的(of 。如:John was independent of his parents when he was stilla child.55、 discover , inventdiscover 发现。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.invent 发明,创造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to rel

58、ieve toothache.56、 doubt/suspectdoubt 意为怀疑某事是不可能或不真实的,肯定句中常跟 whether 或 if 引出的宾语从句, 否定句和疑问句常跟 that 引出的宾语从句。翻译成 “ 不相信 ” 比较恰当。而 suspect 意为怀疑或 认为某件事是真的。常跟 that 引起的宾语从句。翻译成 “ 猜想 是真的 ” 比较恰当。试比较: I doubt whether he is a genius.我看他未必是个天才。Do you doubt that he is a genius?你怀疑他是个天才吗 ?I suspect that he is a genius.我猜想他是个天才。57、 effective, efficient均可表示 “ 有效的 ” 。effective 常用以指物,强调能产生某种预期的效