考研英语阅读分类词汇

1、考研英语阅读分类词汇1 经济类active trade balance贸易顺差adverse trade balance贸易逆差appropriate拨款auditor审计员 查帐员autarchy 闭关自守balance sheet资产负债表bargain减价出售的商品，便宜货board董事会bond债券bottom line盈亏表brisk(生意)兴隆bubble economy泡沫经济budget预算business restructuring商业重组capitalist economy 资本主义经济capital资本cargo manifest货物清单cartel 卡特尔collect

2、ive economy 集体经济commodities fair商品展销会concentration 集中confiscate没收controlled economy 管制经济corporation公司，股份有限公司counteroffer还价creditor债权人customs海关dealer商人，贩子，证券经纪人deficit赤字，亏空deflationary policy紧缩银根政策demands and supplies供需depreciation贬值depression经济萧条期developing 发展中的divided红利股利domestic market国内市场duty-fre

3、e免税economic balance 经济平衡economic channels 经济渠道economic decline经济衰退economic depression 经济衰退economic fluctuation 经济波动economic fluctuation经济波动economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原economic recovery经济复苏economic situation 经济形势economic stability 经济稳定economic stability经济稳定economic strategy经济战略economic

4、trend 经济趋势economist 经济学家economist经济学家enterprise in the red亏损企业entrepreneur企业家，中间商exportoriented economy外向型经济fake and poor quality commodities假冒伪劣产品fierce competition激烈的竞争fluctuation波动GDP国内生产总值GNP(gross national product)国民生产总值head office总部holding company 控股公司human resources人力资源income tax所得税inflation通

5、货膨胀infrastructure 基本建设installment分期付款interest rate利率investment投资，投资额invoice发票labor and management劳资双方labor force劳动力large scale development of West China大规模的西部开发levy征(税)liberal economy 自由经济limited liability company有限责任公司macroeconomics宏观经济学market research市场调研market-oriented economy市场经济merger合并公司mixed

6、economy 混合经济monetary货币的monopoly垄断mortgage抵押抵押货款most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇multinational corporations跨国公司multinational多国经营的，跨国经营的negotiation谈判；洽谈patent system专利制度patron赞助人，老主顾planned economy 计划经济planned economy计划经济political economy 政治经济学potential market市场潜力price hike物价上涨primary sector 初级成分prin

7、cipal本金Private enterprise私人企业Private property私人财产private sector 私营成分,私营部门productivity revolution生产力革命productivity生产率profitable赢利的promotion促销property tax财产税protectionism 保护主义public funding公共基金public sector 公共部门,公共成分purchasing power, buying power 购买力rate of growth 增长recession衰退reckoning结账retail零售reven

8、ue财政收入，税收rural economics 农村经济scarcity 短缺security证券self-raised funds自筹资金slack不景气smuggle走私social security社会保障(制度)socialist economy 社会主义经济soft investment environment投资软环境speculation投机,思考、思索staff members职员stagnant(经济)停滞，不发展stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气stamp duty印花税standard of living 生活标准,生活水平statistical统计的stock

9、holder股东；股票持有人stockbroker股票，证券经纪人stock现货，股票。公债strategic战略的surplus赢余tariff(进口)关税tax break税额优惠taxpayer纳税人teller(=cashier)出纳员trade、rind贸易风transaction交易；买卖trust 托拉斯trust信托underdeveloped 不发达的underdevelopment 不发达understanding 约定wholesale批发2 科普类access time存取时间anti-virus programs杀毒软件assembler汇编程序bar code条形码

10、beeper传呼机buffer storage缓冲存储器call instruction呼叫指令cellular手机，多孔的Comsat 通讯卫星cursor光标cyber crimes网上犯罪cyberspace电脑空间，网络世界desktop台式计算机digital television数字电视electronic control电子控制electronic hearing aid电子助听器encryption加密fast-forward(放录像带等时的快进)fiber optic technology光纤技术firewall防火墙flat panel display平板显示技术flopp

11、y disk软盘genetic engineering基因工程hacker黑客identifier标识符intelligent system智能系统intranet内联网IT-industry信息产业know-how(技术)诀窍laser激光long-distance educational system远程教育系统microprocessor微处理机minicomputer小型计算机modem调制解调器multimedia多媒体multimedia learning system多媒体学习系统netsurfed网虫on-1ine service网上服务palmtop(：PDA)掌上电脑pas

12、swordPIN(：personal identification number)密码portable便携式计算机snooper窥探者software package软件包solar collector太阳能收集器terminal终端设备video camera摄像机videodisc影碟3 医学与健康类abortion人工流产amnesia(医)记忆缺失，遗忘(症)anatomical解剖学的；解剖的anesthetic麻醉剂anti-aging抗衰老antibiotic抗生素antibody抗体antidote解毒药antitumor drug抗肿瘤药；抗癌药antiviral抗病毒药ar

13、thritis关节炎asthma气喘，哮喘asylum精神病院bacteria缅菌biomedical生物医学的carcinogen致癌物cell membrane细胞膜cellular细胞的，由细胞组成的cellulose纤维素Centers for Disease Control疾病控制中心cholesterol胆固醇chromosome染色体clinical临床的clone无性繁殖系，克隆coma昏厥contagion接触传染dehydrate(使)脱水diagnose诊断diarrhea泻肚enzyme酶epidemic流行病euthanasia安乐死excretion排泄，排泄物ge

14、ne mutation(基因)突变gene pool基因库genetic engineering基因工程genomic染色体的glucose葡萄糖heart attack心力衰竭，心脏病发作heterosexual异性恋的HIVpositive艾滋病测试阳性homosexual同性恋的hormone激素hygiene卫生，卫生学hypertension高血压hypnosis催眠术1CU(Intensive Care Unit)重症监护室immunize获得免疫力incidence发病率inflammation炎症inoculation接种，预防注射insane精神病患者的，精神病的insomn

15、ia失眠(症)latency period潜伏期leukemia白血病malaria疟疾malignant恶性measles麻疹medication添加药物，药物治疗metabolism新陈代谢mother-to-fetus transmission母婴传播multiply繁殖mutate变异突变nauseate呕吐neurological神经病学的obesity过度肥胖，肥大ointment药膏organ transplanting器官移植paralysis瘫痪physician内科医生plague鼠疫。瘟疫potency药力prescription药方，处方(的药)preventive预防

16、性的psychiatrist精神病医生rehabilitation康复，恢复remedy疗法removal切除rheumatoid风湿的；类风湿(性)的sedative镇静剂self-medication自我药疗stroke中风suspected case疑似病例surgery外科手术symptom症状syndrome综合病症taint影响，腐化，使感染TCM (traditional Chinese medicine)中医therapy治疗，疗法toxicologist毒物学家；毒理学家vaccine疫苗vein静脉veterinary疾病的，兽医的vitamins维生素4 政治与法律类ac

17、cusation控告acquit宣判无罪amend修正appeal上诉apprehend拘押，逮捕arbitration仲裁，调停armed conflicts武装冲突attorney律师authorize授权autonomous自治的bilateral talks双边会淡civil law民法code法规，法典confinement关押，禁闭congressman国会议员conspiracy阴谋constitution宪法consul领事convict宣判有罪court法院court of appeal中级法院custody拘留criminal law刑法decree法令defendant被

18、告defender辩护人defuse缓合，平息despot独裁者disarmament解除武装enforce实施，使生效established international practice国际惯例federal government联邦政府hierarchy等级制度humanitarian aid人道主义援助illicit非法的indemnity赔偿institution制度intellectual propertyright知识产权interim government过渡政府joint declaration联合声明judicial司法的judiciary司法部jury陪审团lawsuit诉

19、讼legal liability法律义务legislation立法legislative立法的legislature立法机构legitimate合法的litigant诉讼当事人litigation诉讼municipal市政的offense犯罪parliament议会pending未决的petition请愿plaintiff(民事)原告plead申诉，辩护probation缓刑察看public prosecutor检查官reconciliation和解Representative众议院议员ruling(法官等)裁定secretary部长senate参议院senator参议员sovereignty

20、主权statute成文法stipulation条文，规定subpoena传票suit起诉suitor(刑事)原告summit meeting首脑会议峰会terrorist attack恐怖袭击terrorist organizations恐怖组织undersecretary次长usurpation篡夺violation违犯5 生态类acid rain酸雨forestation植树造林algae梅藻amphibian两栖类的，两栖动物balance of nature生态平衡bio-diversity生物多样性biosphere生物圈CFCs氟利昂decibel分贝deforestation采伐

21、森林desertification土地沙漠化domestic sewage生活污水ecocide生态灭绝eco-friendly良好的环境eco-label生态标志ecological condition生态环境ecologist生态学家ecology生态学对环境的科学研究ecosystem生态系，生态系统eco-tourist生态旅游；生态旅游业effluent流出物，排除物environmentalist环境工作者；环境问题专家fauna动物群flora植物群fumes有毒的废气global warming全球变暖green groups绿色环保组织greenhouse effect温室效

22、应infrared radiation红外线辐射mammal哺乳动物noxious有毒的nucleic acid(生物)核酸ozone hole臭氧洞ozone layer臭氧层photosynthesis光合作用plankton(总称)浮游动物pollution index污染指数polymer聚合物refuse垃圾、废物sewage污水，下水道sewage disposal污水处理sewage plant污水处理厂sewage purification污水净化soil pollution土壤污染solid waste固体垃圾stratosphere同温层ultraviolet radiat

23、ion紫外线辐射wipe out a species物种灭绝 6 大众传媒类audience rating收视率；收听率bill海报billboard告示牌，广告牌Braille盲字，点字法brochure小册子bulletin公告；简明新闻carry刊登cast演员表censorship审查closed-circuit TV闭路电视column专栏condensation缩写本coverage新闻报道disseminate传播documentary新闻片feature新闻特写free-lance writer自由撰稿人headline新闻标题highlights and sidelights

24、要闻与花絮illustration插图infringement侵犯journal刊物leaflet传单live现场直播neon霓虹灯广告on location现场拍摄pictorial画报poster标语牌，布告practitioner开业者，从业者press新闻界projector放映机propagate宣传publication出版publishing house出版社re1ay转播royalty稿费，版税shot拍摄studio摄影棚subscribe订阅人western西部电影 7 天文地理类aeronautics航空学，航空术alien外星人astrology占星学astronome

25、r天文学家atmospheric大气的，空气的aviation航空，航空学，航空工业celestial天的，天体的celestial sphere天球cluster星团cold front冷锋comet彗星constellation星座cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线cosmology字宙学drifting plates漂流版块dune沙丘eclipse (日，月)食equator (地球)赤道glacier冰河hurricane飓风inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论inter-planetary communicatio

26、n星际交通Jupiter木星latitude纬度launch发射launch pad发射台longitude经度lunar月球的lunar eclipse月蚀Mars火星Mercury水星meteor流星meteor shower流星雨monsoon季风multistage rocket多级火箭Neptune海王星orbit环绕(天体的)轨道运行peninsula半岛phase月相planet行星planetary行星的planetoid小行星plateau高原Pluto冥王星radiating辐射的reef暗礁satellite卫星solar corona日冕solar prominence

27、日珥solar radiation宇宙辐射solar system太阳系space exploration外层空间探索space shuttle航天飞机space suit宇航服，航天服stellar星球的Tropic of CancerCapricorn北/南回归线Uranus天王星Venus金星Volcanic火山的Watchdog管理人员 8 艺术类abstract art 抽象派, 抽象主义abstract painting抽象画art decor艺术装饰art gallery 画廊,美术馆Art Nouveau 新艺术主义Baroque 巴洛克式baton指挥棒break dance

28、霹雳舞Byzantine 拜占庭式chant吟唱chord合唱，合唱曲classicism 古典主义,古典风格collection 收藏composer作曲者，作曲家conceptism 格言派,警名派concerto协奏曲conductor指挥conservatory音乐学校Cubism 立体派, 立体主义Dadaism 达达主义exhibition 展览existentialism 存在主义expressionism 表现主义Fauvism 野兽派Fine Arts 美术flute长笛folk music民间音乐futurism 未来主义gong锣Gothic 哥特式graphic art

29、s 形象艺术harp竖琴horn号impressionism 印象主义impressionism印象派inspiration 灵感,启发instrument(精密)乐器lyric歌词masterpiece 杰作melody旋律，曲调muse 灵感musical notation乐谱musical音乐喜剧naturalism 自然主义neoclassicism 新古典主义oelb大提琴orchestra管弦乐队overture前奏曲pipe organ管风琴plastic arts 造型艺术playwright剧作家prelude序曲premiere首演producer演出者properties

30、舞台道具purism 修辞癖rap music快板音乐，快板歌realism 现实主义recital独奏会独唱会refrain(歌曲中的)叠歌，副歌rehearsal排演Renaissance文艺复兴reproduction复制Rococo 洛可可式Romanesaue 罗马式romanticism 浪漫主义salon 沙龙saxophone萨克斯管scale音阶score总谱；(总谱中的)乐曲sculpture雕刻，雕塑sonata奏鸣曲style 风格surrealism 超现实主义symbolism 象征主义symphony交响乐，交响曲synthesizer合成器，音响合成器tempo

31、节奏theatricals戏剧trumpet喇叭whistle口哨wind管乐器work of art 艺术作品work 作品 9 宗教类altar圣坛，祭坛apartheid南非的种族隔离apostle信徒atheist无神论者Catholic天主教徒Catholicism天主教Christianity基督教convert改变信仰；皈依cult疯狂地崇拜，膜拜deity(=god)神fast斋戒；禁食gospel福音heresy异端邪说hierarchy阶层，等级incarnate化身Judaism犹太教Koran可兰经minister牧师missionary传教士pagan异教徒的，无宗教

32、信仰的pious虔诚的pope教皇，罗马主教preach布道，说教preacher传道士，牧师Protestant新教徒resurrection(耶稣)复活scripture经文，圣典service礼拜式superstition迷信taboo禁忌 10 体育运动类a11-round champion全能冠军backhand(网球等运动中)反手的backstroke仰泳balk line起跳线baton接力棒bid申办bodybuilding健美运动bowler投球手breaststroke蛙泳butterfly蝶泳cheering-section啦啦队chief referee裁判长closi

33、ng ceremony闭幕式COC(Chinese Olympic Committee)中国奥委会court(篮球、网球等的)场cross-country race越野赛draw平局dunk扣篮finals决赛floor exercise自由体操foul犯规freestyle自由泳Green Olympics绿色奥运gym(nasium)体育馆，健身房Hi-tech Olympics科技奥运host主办host country东道国in good form竞技状态好invitational tournament邀请赛IOC(International Olympic Committee)国际奥

34、委会Jump the gun抢跑marathon马拉松赛跑natatorium游泳馆OCOG(Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games)奥运会组委会on your marks各就各位opening ceremony开幕式penalty kick点球physical culture and sports体育运动playing pool水球场racket网球拍rally连续对打rebound篮板球referees crease裁判区runner-up亚军seeded team种子队shot发球smash扣球spectator观众sports circle

35、体育界sportsmanship体育道德State Sports General Administration国家体育总局substitute替补synchronized swimming花样游泳the Peoples Olympic人文奥运track and field田径water polo水球11 食品类additive添加剂amino add氨基酸appetizer开胃食品barbecue烧烤bed curries牛肉咖喱beef steak牛排；鱼排beverage饮料broccoli西兰花buffet(meal)自助餐butter黄油carbohydrate糖类cauliflowe

36、r菜花convenience food方便食品diet日常饮食fortified wine加了酒精的葡萄酒French fries法式炸薯条fructose果糖glucose葡萄糖green foodstuff绿色食品ground beef绞牛肉；牛肉酱health food保健食品ketchup调味番茄酱!can meat瘦肉lettuce生菜malnourished营养不良maltose麦牙糖nutrition营养(成分)oatmeal燕麦片onion洋葱pasta意大利通心粉pasta dinner意大利面食pastry面点心Pepsi百事可乐protein蛋白质recipe食谱；配方s

37、eaweed海藻soft drink不含酒精的饮料spice调味品sprite雪碧starch淀粉vegetable curry and rice蔬菜咖喱烩饭vegetarian素食主义者vitamin维生素yeast酵母yogurt酸奶 12 其他社会生活类accommodations膳宿baby boom生育高峰census人口普查charitable仁慈的，为慈善事业的，慷慨的civilized文明的，有礼的commit suicide自杀community社会divorce离婚drug abuse滥用毒品hospitality好客household家庭的infrastructure基础

38、设施metropolitan大城市的psychological心理学的questionnaire问卷调查religious宗教的social change社会变革social interrelationship社会关系social status社会地位12职业类actor 男演员actress 女演员singer 歌手dancer 舞蹈家musician 音乐家pianist 钢琴家painter 画家,油漆匠teacher 教师professor 教授director 导演editor 编辑writer 作家reporter 记者announcer 广播员journalist 杂志记者wor

39、ker 工人farmer 农夫fisherman 渔夫chemist 化学家,药剂师engineer 工程师explorer 探险家researcher 研究员doctor 医生,博士nurse 护士surgeon 外科医生seaman 船员pilot 飞行员,领航员astronaut 宇航员driver 驾驶员athlete 运动员policeman 警察detective 侦探judge 法官lawyer 律师attorney 律师cook 厨子,厨师baker 面包师waiter 侍者waitress 女服务生butcher 屠夫clerk 办事员typist打字员secretary 秘

40、书salesman 售货员,推销员shopkeeper 零售商,店主bookseller 书商tailor 裁缝soldier 军人firefighter 消防人员conductor 乘务员librarian 图书管理员baby-sitter 保姆specialist 专家employer 雇主,老板interpreter 翻译photographer / 摄影师playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家archaeologist 考古学家geologist 地质学家mathematician 数学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statisticia