新视野大学英语读写2重点词汇1-9

1、1. budget vt. 为做预算，编制预算 The government has budgeted 10，000，000 for education spending.政府将100万英镑编入教育预算。vi. (为特定的目的)节省或用钱We have to budget for the coming year now. 我们现在就得为明年做预算。n.C,U预算 The chancellors budget must be approved by Parliament. 首相的预算必须得到议会的批准。a.便宜的，廉价的Budget dresses are on sale.【考点】1）budge

2、t 用作动词时，通常与for 连用，构成 budget sth. for sth. 或budget for sth. 结构。例句如上。 2）常用短语：balance ones budget 量入为出，平衡预算；with/below budget 在预算内，低于预算；budget account预算账户【记忆技巧】 budgetary a.预算的；budgeteer ,budgeter n.编预算的人2. interaction n.C,U 交流；相互作用，相互影响，合作This is called interaction of electrons.这就叫电子的相互作用。The teacher

3、noticed the interaction between students and teachers. 那位教师注意到了师生间的相互影响。【考点】1)interaction 常与among/between sb./sth. 连用，例句如上2）interaction 还可以与with sb./sth. 连用，如：interaction with each other at parties 聚会中的互相交往【记忆技巧】interact v.相互作用，相互影响，互相合作；interactive a.(指至少两个人或物)一起活动或互相合作的，交互式的3. assess vt.估价，评价Its d

4、ifficult to assess the effects of the new legislation just yet. 还很难评价新法规的影响。【考点】assess常用于assess sth. at sth. 或assess sth. as sth. 结构中，如：They assess the value of the house at over 250，000. 他们估计房价超过25万美元。Id assess your chances as extremely low. 我估计你成功的机会渺茫。【记忆技巧】assessable a. 可估价的，可估计的；assessment n.估价

5、，评价，估价法，估计法；assessor n. 估计财产的人，技术顾问，助理4. conduct vt. （1）进行，指导，管理She was appointed to conduct the advertising campaign. 她被委派主持宣传活动。（2）传导（电、热等）Copper conducts electricity better than other material do. 铜的导电性比其他的材料好。n.U 行为，品行Im sorry to see your bad conduct at school. 看到你在学校的糟糕表现，我感到十分遗憾。【考点】1）conduct

6、oneself (well,badly ect.)(行为) 表现，如：How did the prisoner conduct himself?那犯人表现如何？2）conduct 为不可数名词，做主语时，要用单数形式的谓语动词，如：All his conduct is far from satisfactory.5. obtain vt. 取得，获得，买到，借到We wished to obtain first-hand information. 我们希望能获得第一手资料。I havent been able to obtain that record anywhere , can you o

7、btain it for me?我到处都弄不到那张唱片，你能替我弄到吗？【考点】obtain sth. for sb. 为某人弄到某物，例句如上。【记忆技巧】 obtainable a. 可获得的，可取得的，可买到的；obtainment n.获得6. competent a.(指人)有能力（技术、知识）的，能干的，胜利的Hes a highly competent driver. 他是个技术高超的司机。【考点】1）competent常与介词as连用，表示能胜任某一职位，如： Is she competent as a teacher?她是一个能干的老师吗？2）与分词for 连用，表示有资格做

8、，如：He is competent for teaching English.他能胜任英语教学工作。3）与介词at/in连用，表示在某些方面胜任，如：Hes not competent at/in his work. 他不胜任的工作。4）与不定式连用，表示有能力做，如：He was not competent to look after young children.他没有看小孩的本事。【记忆技巧】competent n.能力，胜任； competent ad.能干地，有能力地，能胜任地【辨析】 competent 和 qualified ,两者均有“（能）胜任的”之意。competent

9、有能力的，能干的，能胜任的。指有做某事的一般能力。例句如上。qualified胜任的，合格的。主要指后天习得的技能，经过一定的教育或者训练而能够胜任某项工作，如：He is well qualified to do the job.他完全胜任那项工作。7. fulfillvt.(1) 履行，执行，完成If you make a promise , you should fulfill it. 如果你做出承诺，你就要兑现。（2）满足，与相符The traveling library fulfills an important need for people who live far from t

10、he town. 流动图书馆满足了远离城镇的具名的一项重要需求。Does your job fulfill your expectations? 你对你的工作满意吗？【考点】 fulfill oneself 充分发挥自己的能力和性格，如：He was able to fulfill himself through music. 他通过音乐能充分发挥自己的才能。【记忆技巧】fulfilled a.满意的，满足的，十分愉快的；fulfillment n.满足，满意8. result in 致使，导致，造成的结果The talks resulted in reducing the number of

11、 missiles. 谈判导致导弹数量减少。【用法】1）当result表示（因而）发生，产生，出现时，与介词from连用，如：Any damage resulting from negligencemust be paid for by the borrower.因疏忽引起的任何损坏应由借用者负责赔偿。2）result作为名词，用于些列词组中：as a result作为结果，因此；as a result of 由于，作为结果；with the result that 因此；without result毫无结果地9. nothing but 只有，除以外什么也不Dont worry for my

12、 illness;what I need is nothing but a few days rest.不用担心我的病，我只要稍微休息几天就会好的。Nothing but a miracle can save her.只有奇迹能挽救她。【用法】1）nothing but + n.做主语时，无论后面的名词为单数还是复数，谓语动词都是单数形式，如：Nothing but doubts prevents you from succeeding.仅仅是疑虑就会阻止你成功。2）注重区分anything but 与nothing but的含义和用法。anything but 意为 “绝不”。10. amo

13、unt for 解释，说明His illness accounts for his absence.因为生病，所以他缺席。【用法】1）account to sb.for sth.对某人解释某事，如：You should have to account to me for this.你必须把这件事情给我解释清楚。2）account for sb./sth.摧毁某物，杀死某人，如：Our anti-aircraft guns accounted for five enemy bombers.我军高射炮击落五架敌军轰炸机。同步训练1The education B for the coming yea

14、r is about 4 billion,which is much more than what people expected.A allowance B budget C reservation D finance2The court is not A hear your case.A competent to B competent for C capable of D able to3Copper D electricity.A cracks B equips C strikes D conducts4The police C the evidence by legal means

15、that George murdered his wife.A achieve B gains C obtained D plain5After listening to his speech for 3 hours , the audience became A .A restless B excited C fascinated D enthusiastic6The pain in his back C from a fall several years ago.A terminates B ends C results D is due7He is C our praise.A wort

16、h B worthy C worthy of D worth of8The government C the diplomatic note from Japan for its unclear attitude to the trade between countries.A denied B refused C rejected D objected9The television interviewer A the Foreign Minister to comment on the current affairs.A invited B request formally C demand

17、ed D ordered10Im not really D with the taxation laws here.A known B friendly C common D familiarHandout 2：Words Study for Unit 21. pat vt. Touch sb. or sth. Lightly and repeatedly with a flat hand 轻拍Linda patted her hair to be sure it was neat. 琳达拍了拍头发，把头发弄得整整齐齐。The teacher patted him on the shoulde

18、r/ patted his shoulder and encouraged him. 老师拍拍他的肩膀，给他鼓励。 n. C a light friendly touch with the flat hand 轻拍The nurse gave the little girl a pat. 护士轻轻拍了一下小女孩。【习惯用语】pat sb. on the back 轻拍某人的背; 恭维, 赞美；a pat on the back 口赞扬或鼓励的表示My wife received a pat on the back for doing a good job. 我妻子工作干得出色而得到赞扬。2.

19、amateur adj. doing sth. just for pleasure; not professional 业余的He is an amateur photographer. 他是个业余摄影爱好者。An amateur painter/ performance/dramatic club 业余画家/演出/剧社 n. sb. who does sth. just for pleasure 业余爱好者Although he's only an amateur, he's a first-class player. 虽然他只是个业余爱好者,但却是一流的高手。The you

20、ng politician is an amateur at manipulating public opinion. 那个年轻政客在操纵舆论方面是个外行。【反义词】professional adj. 专业的，职业的; a professional field such as law;专业领域，如法律; professional ethics 职业道德; amateur and professional actors 业余和专业演员; professional football职业足球n. 专业人员，行家I would like to hire a professional to decora

21、te the house. 我想雇一名专业装饰工来装修房子。3. gratitude n. the state of being grateful; 感激，谢意【习惯用语】(1) express one's gratitude to sb. for sth. 为某事对某人表示感谢We can hardly express our gratitude to you for your timely help. 对于你们的及时帮助，我们很难表达我们的感激之情。 (2)with gratitude 怀着感激的心情My family watched Moving China 2008 with

22、gratitude and admiration. 我们全家人怀着感激和崇拜的心情看完了感动中国2008. (3)out of gratitude 出于感激Do you agree that patients send under-table money to their doctors out of gratitude?你赞成病人是出于感激给他们的医生送红包吗？【同义词】appreciation，thankfulness4. fatigue vt. Make sb. feel tired 使疲劳My new job really fatigued me during the first tw

23、o months. 最初两个月，我的新工作真的使我感到非常疲劳。"A short journey like that could not fatigue her, and might distract her thoughts."“那样短短的旅途不会太疲乏，也许可以叫她散散心。”The excessive exercises fatigued her before Beijing Olympic Games diving trials. 北京奥林匹克跳水选拔赛之前的过度操练使她感到很疲乏。 vi. feel tired 疲劳 The patient fatigues eas

24、ily. 病人容易疲劳。 n. U great tiredness 疲乏，疲劳Her initial symptoms were suspicious-loss of appetite and general fatigue. 她最初的症状很值得怀疑：食欲减退、周身乏力。He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue. 他虽然疲倦极了,可是仍然坚持工作。5. indifferent adj. （1）（to）not interested in; not caring 漠不关心的，冷漠的We cannot be indi

25、fferent to the sufferings of others. 我们不能对别人遭受的痛苦漠然处之。I am indifferent to their arguments. 我对他们的争论毫不关心。 （2）Characterized by a lack of partiality; unbiased中立的，公正的Remember to remain indifferent in the dispute. 记住要在这场争论中保持中立。 （3）Being neither good nor bad 一般的，平凡的an indifferent performance 一场平庸的表演 （4）No

26、t active or involved（物理）惰性的an indifferent chemical in a reaction反应中不活跃的化学成分词形变换：indifference n. 冷淡，不关心His indifference really irritated me. 他这么漠不关心，真叫我恼火。I sat by the road and eyed the passing crowd with indifference. 我坐在路边，漠然地看着过往人群。6. rebel vi. （1）(against) Fight against sb. in authority or agains

27、t an idea or situation 造反，反叛，反抗Migrant workers should learn to use law to protest themselves and rebel against the exploitation from their bosses.农民工应该学会使用法律来保护自己，反抗老板的剥削。Protestors from the People's Alliance for Democracy launched large-scale demonstrations and rebelled against Thai government

28、since August 2008.2008年8月以来，来自民盟的抗议者举行大规模游行示威，反对泰国政府。 （2）（at）To feel or express strong unwillingness反感She rebelled at the unwelcome suggestion. 她对这讨厌的建议感到反感。Husbands rebel at their nagging wives. 丈夫们反感爱唠叨的妻子。 n. (C) a person who rebels 造反者，反叛者，反抗者adj. 造反的; 反叛的 the rebel army 叛军 词形变换：rebellious adj.

29、反叛的，反抗的 rebellion n. 反叛，反抗，叛乱7. assert vt.（1）state or declare firmly 断言，声称The lawyers asserted that their client was not guilty. 律师们辩称他们的诉讼委托人是无辜的。The old man asserted that the girl had stolen his wallet. 老人坚持说那个女孩偷了他的钱包。【习惯用语】assert oneself 坚持己见I had to assert myself in the meeting in order to ensu

30、re acquisition of the new book.我在会上不得不坚持自己观点以保证得到那本新书。 （2）to defend or maintain 维护，坚持（如自己的权利）Women should assert their rights more! 妇女应该继续维护她们的权利。We should know how to assert national independence. 我们应该懂得如何维护民族独立。词形变换：asserted adj. 宣称的（尚待证实的） the asserted value of a painting 一幅画的所谓价值 assertion n. 主张

31、，断言，声明 stand to one's assertion 坚持已见8. swear v. make a promise to do sth. 发誓，宣誓（swore，sworn）I swear that I would never let the secret out. 我发誓永远不会泄漏这个秘密。He swore to speak the truth. 他发誓要说实话。The young man swore on his honor that he would be loyal to his wife forever. 年轻人以自己的名誉发誓他会永远忠实于他的妻子。 vicur

32、se 咒骂 （at）Lisa asked her husband to stop swearing in front of the kids. 丽莎要她的丈夫不要在孩子们面前说脏话。The woman swore at the waiter after he spilt coffee onto her skirt. 服务员把咖啡溅到了那个女人的裙子上，她狠狠地骂了他。【习惯用语】swear black is white颠倒黑白, 不惜一切, 不择手段Don't believe a word that man tells you. He'd swear black was whi

33、te if he thought it was to his advantage. 别相信那人的话。只要对他有利，他能硬把黑的说成白的。She wants that job very much, and she'll swear back is white to get it. 她非常想得到那份工作，因此她会不择手段地去得到它。9. persist v. （in, with）continue to do sth. in spite of opposition or warning 坚持We should persist in the mass line. 我们应坚持群众路线。He wi

34、ll persist in riding that dreadful bicycle. 他执意要骑那辆破自行车。If you persist in being late for work, you will be fired. 如果你老是上班迟到，你会被开除的。 viContinue to exist 持续存在或发生I wonder how long the problems will persist. 我们想知道这些问题多久才能解决。The drought will persist all over the country. 恶劣的天气将在全国范围持续一段时间。词形变换：persistenc

35、e n. 坚持，持续，毅力By persistence many countries won freedom. 通过坚持不懈的努力，许多国家赢得了自由。Great persistence is necessary for success. 坚忍不拔是成功所必需的。 persistent adj. 坚持的，持久的 persistent effort 坚持不懈的努力10. rank vi. Have a particular position in a list of people or things 位于等级（或地位）This small city ranks high among touris

36、t spots. 这座小城市在旅游景点中享有盛名。In Beijing the Chinese team got 51 gold medals, ranking first of all the competing countries. 在北京奥运会上，中国队共获51枚金牌，列所有参赛国家的第一位。 vt. Decide the position of sb. or sth. based on importance or quality 排列The owner of the bookstore was ranking books on the shelf. 店主正在排列架子上的书。I rank

37、 all other American Presidents below George Washington. 美国历届总统中，我将约翰华盛顿总统列为第一。 n. C,U the position or level that sb. holds in an organization; ones social position 职位，社会地位My cousin was just promoted to the rank of captain. 我表哥刚晋升到上尉军衔。Macaulay had wealth and fame, rank and power, and yet he tells us

38、 in his biography that he owed the happiest hours of his life to books. 麦考莱拥有财富和名声、地位和权力，然而他在传记里告诉我们他一生中最快乐的时光就是与书为伴。词形变换：ranking n. 排名，级别What is his actual ranking in all the applicants? 他在所有申请人当中的排名如何？Some high-ranking officers plotted to overturn the government. 有几名高级军官策划推翻政府。Vocabulary1. Premier

39、 Wen _C_ to comfort her.A. patted the little girl on her head B. gave the little girl a patting on the headC. patted the little girl on the head D. gave the little girl a pat on her head2. The football player is a gifted _D_, not a _, because he hasnt received any special training.A. professional vo

40、cational B. amateur occupational C. vocational amateur D. amateur professional3. The woman expressed her _B_ to the policeman who had saved her life just now.A. grateful B. gratitude C. emotion D. passion4. After the whole days house chores, my mother suffered from _C_.A. tired B. exhaust C. fatigue

41、 D. weary5. He was _B_ to all the things around him after falling out of love.A. unconcerned B. indifferent C. incurious D. uninterested6. Tibetan separatists have made every attempt to _D_ Chinese government. A. rebel to B. rebel at C. rebel for D. rebel against7. Every citizen should know how to _

42、A_ his legal rights.A. assert B. declare C. affirm D. confirm 8. He _A_ all the angels and saints of heaven that he had told the truth.A. swore by B. swore at C. swore against D. swore9. I wish the good weather could _C_ another two weeks.A. insist B. consist C. persist D. assist10. I will try my be

43、st to _B_ first in the next oral English contest.A. range B. rank C. line D. rowHandout 3: Words Study for Unit 31. compromise n. v.(1) C, U an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first 妥协；折中; 折衷事物e.g.make compromise with与.妥协promise of principle 原

44、则上的让步e.g.He did it without compromise of his dignity. 他做这事而不损及他的尊严。e.g. It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in today's talk. 希望今天的会谈能达成妥协。翻译:经过几个小时的讨论，他们达成了妥协。They managed to reach a compromise after several hours of discussion.这个不协调的设计是高科技与早期美式建筑折衷的产物The incongruous design is a compro

45、mise between high tech and early American.(2) v. reach an agreement by making a compromise 妥协；折中Compromise with sb on/over sth, compromise at 价格数字e.g.The workers are going to strike for their welfare if the employers are not ready to compromise. 雇主们要是不妥协，工人们就将为争取自己的福利而罢工。e.g.Well, you want $400 and

46、I say $300, so let's compromise at $350. 好吧，既然你开价400美元而我还价300美元，那我们就来个折衷价350美元。翻译: 政府与其他党派领导人就下届大选日期达成了妥协。The government has compromised with other party leaders over the date of the next general election. 派生词: Compromising adj 妥协的，折中的2. compatible a.（1）. (of people) able to have a good relation

47、ship because of similar opinions or interests 合得来的；情投意合的e.g.The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因合不来而分手了。翻译: 在你们合住之前你先要确定是否能和他和睦相处。Make sure you're compatible with him before you start sharing a house.（2）. (of equipment) able to be used together 兼容的；配套的, 与.不矛盾的， 一致的（with）b

48、e compatible with与.相适应， 不矛盾， 一致， 相似e.g .The computer program isn't compatible with this operating system. 计算机程序与这套操作系统不兼容。翻译: 这台打印机能与大多数计算机配套使用。The printer is compatible with most computers.派生词: incompatible a.not compatible 合不来的；不兼容的 e.g .I have never seen such an incompatible couple. 我从未见过这么合不

49、来的夫妻。3. overlook vt.(1) not notice sth., ignore sth 没注意到；忽略e.g He overlooked a spelling mistake on the first page. 他没有注意到第一页上的一处拼写错误。e.g .I overlooked this problem and have to deal with it now. 我之前忽视了这个问题，现在必须要着手解决它。(2) have a view of a place from above 俯视；眺望 e.g Her bedroom has large windows overlo

50、oking a lake. 她卧室的几扇大窗户正对着湖面。overlook a valley from a hill 从山上俯视山谷a tower overlooking the city 俯瞰全市的塔楼overlook the accounts 检查帐目 overlook a fault 宽容过失 (3) n.疏忽, 眺望; 视察; 俯瞰中的景色; 了望四周的高地e.g It was a slight overlook on my part. 这是我的一个小疏忽。e.g There are plenty of overlooks and trails. 有许多可供俯瞰之处和小径。派生词: o

51、verlooker n. 监工, 工头Overlook=over-上+look看，由上往下看翻译: 我租了一间能俯视中央公园的房子。I rented a room overlooking the Central Park.4. resistancen.(1) sing., U refusal to accept sth. 抵制；反对e.g The idea met with some resistance. 那个意见遭到了一些反对。翻译: 对欧洲统一的想法存在许多反对意见。There's a lot of resistance to the idea of a united Europ

52、e. (2) sing., U the use of force to act against sb. or sth. 抵抗；对抗 e.g .They put up a passive resistance. 他们进行着消极的抵抗。良好的日常饮食可增强身体的抗病能力。break down the enemy's resistance 粉碎敌人的抵抗翻译: A good diet helps the body to build up resistance to disease. 派生词:resistant adj.（形容词）抵抗的; 反抗的; 耐久的;5. prejudicen.vt(1

53、)C an opinion or dislike of sb. or sth. that is not based on reason 偏见；成见e.g .She has a prejudice against modern music. 她对现代音乐怀有偏见。e.g . social prejudice 社会偏见翻译: 他对所有的外国人都有偏见。He has a prejudice against all foreigners.(2) 损害, 伤害e.g . I will do nothing to the prejudice of my friend in this matter. 我在此

54、事上不会伤害我的朋友。 (3) vt. 使抱偏见, 使怀成见e.g .be prejudiced against in favour of a person 对某人有反感好感e.g .These facts prejudiced them against her. 这些事实促使他们对她有偏见。e.g .His honesty and sincerity prejudiced us in his favour. 他的真诚使 我们对他产生好感。短语: in to the prejudice (of) 不利于, 有损于without prejudice (to) 无损于, 无害于, 不影响preju

55、dice sb. against 使某人对.产生偏见prejudice sb.in favour of 使某人对.产生好感6. confirm(1).vt. prove that sth. is true 证实；证明；确定e.g .The announcements confirmed that the election would take place on June 20. 公告证实选举将于6月20日举行。短语:confirm a theory证实一种理论confirm one's belief坚定信念confirm a contract签合同， 批准合同(2) v. make a

56、 plan, meeting, etc. certain, esp. by telephone or writing 确认e.g .a note asking us to confirm when we would be arriving 要求我们确定何时抵达的便条 翻译:我预订了7月1日一间双人房，想确认一下。I'd like to confirm a reservation for a double room on the first of July.派生词: confirmable adj. 可确定的， 能证实的； 可批准的confirmation n. 证实, 确认, 批准e.g .in confirmation of