国际商务英语简要和课后答案

1、International Busin ess En glishLesson 1International Busin essBusin ess Kno wledge:The major differencesbetween internationalbusinessand domesticbusi nessA.Differences in legal systemsB.Differences in currenciesC.Differences in cultural backgroundD.Different in natural and economic conditionsThe ma

2、jor types of international businessA. Tradea.Commodity tradeb.Service tradeB. Investmenta.Foreign direct investmentb.Portfolio investmentC. Other typesa.Lice rising and fran chisi ngb.Management contract and contract manufacturingc.Turn key project and BOTTrade Terms:1.Customs area关税区：2.Conversion货币

3、兑换3.Visible trade有形贸易：The form of commodity trade, . exporting andimporti nggoods produced ormanu facturedin one country forconsumption or resale in another. (includingcash transaction-bymeansof money and market, and counter trade)4.Invisible trade无形贸易：The form of transportation,communication,bankin

4、g, in sura nee,con sulti ng,in formati onetc. is called in visibletrade or service industries.5.FDI夕卜国直接投资：Foreigndirectinvestments.Returns throughcontrolling the en terprisesor assets in vested in a host country. / .One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose ofcontrolling and

5、managing them.6.Portfolio investment证券投资：Purchases of foreign financialassetsfor a purpose other than controlling.7.Stocks股票：Capital stocks or bon ds.8.Bonds债券：The papers issued by a government or a firm with promiseto pay back the money lent or in vested together with interest.9.Maturity(票据等)到期10.

6、Certificate of deposit大额存单11. Licensing许可经营 ：In lice rising, a firm leases the right to use itsintellectualproperty to a firm in another country. They chooselice nsing because they do not have to make cash payme nts to stat bus in ess, and cansimply receive in come in the form of royalty.12. Franchi

7、sing特许经营：Under franchising, franchisee is allowed tooperate in the name of another, franchiserwho provides the former withtrademarks, brand names, logos and operatingtechniques for royalty.13. Trade Mark商标14. Pate nt专利15. Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16. Copyright版权17. Licenser许可方18. Licensee被许可方19. Franchise

8、r特许方:A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand n ames,logos and operati ng tech niq ues for royalty.20. Franchisee被特许方:A firm is allowed to operate in the name ofano ther.21. Man ageme nt con tract管理合同:Un der a man ageme ntcon tract,one compa nyoffers man agerial or other specialized

9、 services to ano ther within aparticular period for a flat payme nt or a perce ntage of the releva ntbus in ess volume.22. Value chain价值链23. Turn key project交钥匙”工程:For an intern atio nalturn key project,a firm sig ns a con tract with a foreig n purchaser and un dertakes allthe desig ning, con tract

10、ing and facility equipp ing before handing it over to the latter uponcompletio n.24 BOT建设、经营和移交:Build, Operate, Transfer25. Expertise专门知识26. Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27. Royalty许可使用费28. Internationalinvestment国际投资:Supplying capital by residents ofone country to ano ther.29. Contract manufacturing承包生产30. GATT关贸总

11、协定：General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31. Intern ati onal bus in ess国际商务:Tran sacti on betwee n parties fromdiffere ntcoun tries.Sometimes bus in ess across the borders ofdifferent customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.32. Intellectual property知识产权33. Oil deposit

12、:石油储备=oil reserves34. the reserves ofnatural resources自然资源储备35. Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。Answer the following questions:1.What does internationalbusiness refer to Please tell thediffereneebetween international business and domestic business.A: International business refers to tran

13、saction between parties fromdifferent countries. Sometimes business across the borders of differentcustoms areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.Some major differences between international business and domesticbusiness is following:(1)Differences inlegal systems(2)Differen

14、ces in currencies(3)Differences in cultural background(4)Different in natural and economic conditions2.Please explai n the differe nces betwee n visible trade and in visibletrade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for anincreasing proportion in international tradeA: Visible trad

15、e is the form of commodity trade. The form of transportation, comm un icatio n,banking, in sura nee, con sulti ng,in formati onetc. is calledin visibletrade or service in dustries. The later is become more and moreimporta nt.3.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences ininternati

16、onal businessA: Cultural differe ncesin cludi ngIan guage,customs, traditi ons,religion, value, behavior etc.4.Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment.What is their major differeneeA: FDI (Foreign direct investment) is madefor returns through controlling the en terprisesor

17、assets in vested in in a host country. Portfolioinvestment refers to purchases of foreignfinancialassets for a purposeother than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.5.What is licensing Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means ofentering a foreign mar

18、ketA: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectualpropertyto a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cashpayme nts to stat busi ness, and can simply receive in come in the form of royalty. Besides, theycan ben efit from locati onal advantage

19、s of foreign operation without any obligations in ownershipormanagement. The use of licensing is particularlyencouraged by highcustoms duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country.6.What is franchising How is it different from licensingA: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to o

20、perate in the name ofanother, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operatingtechniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, thefranchiser has morecontrol over and provides more support for the franchisee.7.What is a

21、 management contractUnder what conditions is it mostapplicableA: Un der a man ageme nt con tract, one compa ny offers man agerial or otherspecialized services to another within a particular period for a flatpayme nt or a perce ntage of the releva nt busi ness volume. Whena gover nment forbids foreig

22、nownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importanee but lacks the expertisefor operation, management con tracts maybe a practical choice en abli ng a foreig ncompany to operatein the industry without owning the assets.8.What is an international turn key project In what way is

23、 its varia ntBOT different from itA: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with aforeignpurchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting andfacility equippi ng before handing it over to the latter upon completi on. For a BOT project, a firmoperates a facility for a per

24、iod of time afterbuildi ng it up before fin ally tran sferri ng it to a foreig n compa ny. Making profit from operatingthe project for a period is the major differenee betwee n BOT and the comm on turn key projectTran slate the following sentences into En glish:1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸

25、易要复杂得多。International busi ness refers to tran sacti onbetwee n parties formdifferentcountries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicatedthe domestic business.2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存 在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。With the development of economic globalization, few

26、 people or companiescan completely stay away from international business. Therefore, somekno wledge in this respect is n ecessary both for the ben efit of en terprises and personaladvancement.3其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。Other forms for participating in international business are managementcon tra

27、ct, contract man u facturi ng and turn key project.4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, . exporting and importing goodsproduced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市

28、场的一种方Besides trade and investment,international licensingand franchisingaresometimes take n as a means of en teri ng a foreig n market.Lesson 2In come Level and the World MarketBusin ess Kno wledge:(1) GNP and GDP(2) Per capita in come and per capita GDP(3) High-i ncome, middle in come and low-i nco

29、me coun triesA.Stan dards for classificati onB.Represe ntative coun triesTriad and QuadA.Uni ted StatesB.Western EuropeC.JapanD.Canada(5) Other importa nt markets for ChinaTrade Terms:1.GNP国民生产总值：Gross national Product. The market value of goodsand services produced by the property and labor owned b

30、y the residentsof an economy.2.GDP国内生产总值：Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and servicesproduced with in the geographic area of an economy.3.Natio nal in come国民收入4.Per capita in come人均收入5.Per capita GDF人均国内生产总值：It is calculated by dividingits totalGDP by its populati on, which rev

31、eals the average in come level of con sumers.6.PPP购买力平价：Purchasing power parity7.Consumerism消费主义8.In come distributi on收入分布:The proporti ons of its rich, middlein come and poor people.9.Infra structure基础设施10. Staple goods大路货11. Invoice(开)发票Creditor country债权国13. OECD经合组织，经济合作与开发组织：Orga ni zatio nfor

32、 Econ omicCooperati on and Developme nt.14. The Commonwealth of Independent States独联体，独立国家联合体15. ASEAN东盟，东南亚国 家联盟：Association of Southeast Asia nNationals.16.NIEs(亚洲四小虎)：Newly Industrialized Economies17.Factors of production生产要素Answer the following questions:1. Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP re

33、spectively and point out their major differenee. Canwe use them interchangeablyA: GNP (Gross national Product) refers to the market value of goods and services produced bythe property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP (Gross Domestic Product)measures the market value of all goods a

34、nd services produced within the geographic area of aneconomy. The differenee between them is that GNP focuses on ownership of the factorsof productionwhile GDPconcentrateson the place where productiontakesplace. The differenee between GNP and GDP can be ignored since it very small in most cases.Ther

35、efore, we can use them interchangeably.2. In what differe nt ways are GDP and per capita in come sign ifica nt in assessing the potentialof a particular marketA: Total GDPindicates the overall size of an economy, which is importantin market assessment for durable equipment or bulk goods (grain, stee

36、lor ceme nt). Per capita GDPreveals the average in come level of con sumers, which is importantwhen marketing consumer durables.3. What are meant by high in come, middle in come, and low-i ncome coun tries according to theWorld Bank Cite some examples for each group.A: High-i ncome coun tries: those

37、 enjoying ann ual per capita in come of $9386 and above. In thisgroup comprise three types of countries; most members of OECD, rich oil produci ng coun tries ofthe Middle East, small-industrialized countries or regions.Middle-i ncome coun tries: those with annual per capita in come below$9386 but ab

38、ove $765. In eluded in this category is most East Europea ncoun tries and most members of the Common wealth of In depe ndent States, six OECDmembers, quite a number of LatinAmerican countriesand somecomparatively developed countries in Asia, South Africa and oil-producing countries in African.Low-i

39、ncome coun tries: those that have per capita in comes of only $765 or even less. MostAfrican countries,some Asian countriesand a few LatinAmerica n coun tries are in eluded in this group.4. Why a re high-i ncome coun triesimporta nt to trade and in vestme nt Shouldwe neglect low-income countries in

40、international businessA: High-income countries often have good infrastructure,high purchasingpower, and adva need tech no logy, efficie ntman ageme nt and favorableenvironment for trade and investment. They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goodsand are both attractive sources and destinati

41、onsof investme nt.In international trade the low-income countries should not beneglected, because theyconstitute markets for lower-priced staple goods, provide cheap labor and are often rich inresources. Once tapped, the business potentialof thesecountrieswill one day become realbusinessopport un it

42、ies.China a low-income country a few years ago How about nowA: China with a per capita in come of over $1100 is a middle-i ncome country though it was alow-income country just a few years ago.does the termaTriad ” refers to What is meant by QuadA: The term Triad refers to the three richest regions o

43、f the world; theUnited States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important busi ness opport unities. The scope of Triad to in elude Can ada a nd n amethe broadened grouping Quad.7. How much do you know about OECD Please make a brief account.A: OECDneans Organization for Economic Coope

44、ration and Development. The orga nizati onis in eluded 29 members, 23 of them are high-i ncome coun triesand 6 are middle-income countries. The headquarters is in Paris.8. What is the best policy for China to develop business opportunitiesA: So far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay

45、particular attention to are thosearound us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries,Russia, India and a bit farther away Australia. These countries or regions either have richconsumers and offer good business opportunities or are developing fast with very promisingmarket potential. And their geographic

46、al proximity to China is a great advantage for us indeveloping business relations with them.Tran slate the following sentences into En glish:4.中国现在年人均收入为00美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。1.民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念。区别在于前者 强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。GNRand GDPare two important concepts used to indicate a country

47、s total in come. The differenee betwee n them is that the former focuses on own ership of the factors of production while thelatter concentrates on the country where production takes place.2.要评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的 购买力高低提供了线索。In assessing the potential of a country as a market, people ofte

48、n lookat per capita in come since it provides clues about the purchasi ng powerof its residents.3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国 家。Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income,middle-income and low-income economies.China with a per capita in come of ov

49、er $1100 is a middle-i ncome country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、 俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concern ed, other markets we should pay particular attention to are thosearound us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countr

50、ies, Russia, etc. These countrieswith verypromising market potential and canoffer good bus in ess opport un ities to China.Lesson 3Regi onal Econo mic In tegrati onBusin ess Kno wledge:(1) Major objectives of regional integration *(2) For levels of regi onal econo mic in tegrati onA.Free trade areaB

51、.Customs unionC.Com mon marketD.Econo mic union(3) Europea n Union (EU)2.Free trade area自由贸易区：The members remove barriers to trade among themselveswhile still adopts each own exter nal policy3.Customs union关税同盟：The members remove barriers to trade among themselves andadopt the same exter nal policy4

52、.Tar肝rates关税税率5.Settleme nt6.NAFTA北 匕美自由贸易协定：North American Free Trade Agreeme nt7.Commonmarket共同市场:The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factorsof product ion and adopt the same exter nal policy.8.Bankno tes circulati on货币流通9.Cartel卡塔尔10. APEC亚太经合组织，亚洲太平洋经济合作组织：Asia Pacific Econ

53、omicCooperati on11. OPEC石油输出国组织：Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries12. European Commissi on欧盟委员会(4) Asia-Pacific Eco nomic Cooperatio n (APEC)(5) Orga ni zati on of Petroleum Export ing Coun tries (OPEC)13. Council of ministers部长理事会H Dual-Mi nisterial Meet ing双部长会议15. Quota Restrictions配额限

54、制Trade Terms:1.Econo mic in tegrati on经济一体化16. Economic Union (EU)经济同盟:The members remove barriers not only totrade but also to factors of production, adopt the sameexternal policy and harm onize theirtaxati on,gover nment expe nditure,in dustrypolicies and use the same currency.17. EU欧盟，欧洲联盟:Europe

55、an Union18. EC欧共体，欧洲共同体 ：European Community19. Benelux荷比卢（比利时、荷兰和卢森堡三国）：Belgium, Netherlands,Luxemburg20. Mercousur南方共同市场：Southern Cone Customs Union21. ECS（M洲煤钢共同体：European Coal and Steel Community22. EEC欧洲经济共同体：European Economic Community23. EURATO皈洲原子能共同体，欧洲原子能联营：European Atomic EnergyCommunity24

56、. SOIW官会议：Senior Officials Meeting25. TILF贸易投资便利 化自由化：Trade and investment liberationandfacilitati on26. ECOTEC经济技术合作：Economic and technical cooperation27. Political entity政治实体28. Sovereign state主权国家30. Sub-committee分委员会31. NTA新跨大西洋议程：New Transatlantic Agenda32. TABD跨大西洋商业对话：Transatlantic Business D

57、ialogue33. TACtM大西洋消费者对话 ：Transatlantic Consumer Dialogue34. Territory economies区域经济体35. Pacific Rim环太平洋圈36. In formal Meeti ngofEc ono mic Leaders领导人非正式会议Answer the following questions:1.What is a free trade area Make a brief acco unt of the most no tablefree trade area in the world.A: Free trade a

58、rea is the loosest form in the regional economic in teg rati on.Members in this form removes barriers to the flow of goods and servicesamong themselves while each memberstill adopts its own policy as regards to trade withoutsiders. The most no table one is the North America n FreeTrade Agreement (NA

59、FTA), the largest free market formed by the United29. Multi-polarization多极化States, Can ada a nd Mexico in 1991 with over 360 milli oncon sumers a nd totalGDP of more than 6 trillion US dollars.2.In what way is a customs union different from a free trade area A: The Customs Union goesa step further b

60、y adopting the same trade policy for all the members toward countries outside theirorganization in addition to abolishing trade barriers amongthemselves. Imports from othercountries are subject to the same tariff.3.What are the characteristics of a comm on market Which orga nizatio nremai ned a comm