中国矿业大学(北京)英语翻译课后答案.

1、Unit 14. Translation process A. Comprehension of words:句子译文( P4-5)(1) 人生历程就是从生到死。(2) 女孩放好了桌子。但lay table ”的真正含义是指在餐桌上摆好吃饭用的餐具(3) 他认为我够朋友/他认为我可交。她哭得很伤心。不能译 她把眼睛哭出来”。如to laugh ones head off笑掉大牙”， to burst/split ones side with laughter 笑破肚子” ；“ tears well up in ones eyes ”译为 泪 汪汪” 我们找了他，但一无所获。“to no pur

2、pose ”和“ for no purpose不同，后者是没有目的”,前者则是“毫无结果”，“一天所获”。(6) 但是他的重大发明还在后头呢(7) 你认为汤姆怎么样？他这个人一无可取。(8) 他那个人小气劲儿简直没法说。可不是吗！/没错。(9) 哎哟！人生如草芥.(10) 哪里想到俺和这些高贵的德伯维尔一直是同宗共祖呐。(11) 谁来都行，由我来对付。/兵来将挡，谁来我都不怕。(12) 我死也不干。(13) 理论固然重要，实践更重要。(14) 学英语，光学语法是不行的。(15) “exaggerate” 一词可以引出较广的含义，不能照字面理解为“被夸张了”，而应译为“他大发雷霞，未免小题大做”

3、。(16) “我拜读过大作。没有想到你这么年轻有为，(我原来以为你是一个老人呢)。(17) 每次出差回来，这儿都叫我感到耳目一新，精神一爽。(18) 应根据对其深层意思的理解译为“可是这个家里是他妈妈说了算(或他妈妈当家),他们说，他连他妈妈的一半也顶不上”(他那样的人，两个也比不过他妈妈)。(19) 如果将主语译成“他和她”就显得不顺。后半句如译成“他们各自与另一个人结 婚了”则不够清楚。全句宜译成：“他们再次相逢时，一个已经娶妻，一个也已经再嫁了”。(20) 会去参加招待会的，那怕交几个新朋友也好。Free translation (P6)(1) Last ni ght I heard h

4、im drivi ng his pigs to market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。分析如果直译，很可能是这样：“昨夜我听见他把他的猪赶到市场。”这样就闹出了大笑话。“To drive his pigs to market ”在此就是一个“假朋友”，不小心就会上当。He is being a good boy now .他现在正在是一个好孩子。分析这就叫做硬译，使译文读者不知所云。应改译为：“他现在正乖着呢。”(3) Justice has long arms .天网恢恢，疏而不漏。分析翻译思路是：法律的权力和威力是“鞭”长可及的，是无边的。或译为：罪犯难 逃天罗地网(4) 关于增税的谈论激怒

5、了许多选民。分析原文表层信息：关于增税的谈论对选民来说是一面红旗(红旗对中文读者来说意味着革命)。原文深层信息：a red flag是令人生气的事物，源于西班牙的斗牛民俗。斗牛场上，人们用红布来激怒牛。译文表层表达：关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。(5) Will a duck swim? 当然喽！或译成：还用说吗！They parted enemies.他们不欢而散，成了仇敌。分析译文如保持原文外形而译为“他们分手敌人”或者“他们作为敌人而分手”，那么“可读性”就较差，不如打破原文形式，译成上面那句比较流畅的汉语。“意译法”的核心是灵活变通。但灵活变通是有根有据地灵活变通，不是置原文于 不顾地

6、乱译一气。吕叔湘先生曾经举了一个很典型的乱译例句。原文是这样：(7)(A)理解正确Literal translation and free translation(2) 赏析译文基本属于直译，但其中把couch potatoes译为“窝在沙发里长时间地看电视”，确实是传神的意译，把原文的深层信息用形象生动的译文传达了出来。一个“potato”既指人，又隐含“坐在沙发里的静态及时间之长”。如译为：“沙发土豆”或“坐在沙发里的人”就会形存神失。5. Foreignization and Domestication 归化和异化翻译界有名的东西风之争就是一例。东风在中国人的概念中是和煦温暖的，代表着春

7、天 和美好事物。李商隐无题诗云：“相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残。”东风是该是催开百花的使者，所以才有百花残而怨东风之感慨。有英译法为：It difficult for us to meet and hard to part;The east wind is too weak to revive flowers dead.( 许渊冲中诗英韵探胜 )这种译法在西方人眼中无疑失去了那种淡淡幽怨之韵。因为缘于英国的地理位置，东风 在英国人的眼中是凛冽的刺骨寒风，而西风采温煦、和暖。这样的直译扭曲了中文的文 化意境。英国诗人 John Mansfield 也有一首 Ode to the West Wi

8、nd(这是暖风哟，西风哟”也吹来了水仙。余光中 译)对于中国读者来说，此译文中的西风无疑是个让人迷惑的意象，与整诗抒情的怀乡基调不符，显得形容突兀。而在英国的文化环境下则恰到好处。刘宓庆文化翻译论纲 一书中指出“译文实际是原文+原文文化背景+译文+译文文 化背景+原作者的气质和风格+译者的气质和风格的混合体。”Unit 22. Word (P9-10)This car is very heavy on oil.这部车耗油量很大。The snow is falling heavier tonight than last night. 今晚的雪下得比昨晚大。He is a media heavy

9、.他是新闻界重要人物。There was a heavy fragranee of flowers and lemon trees.那里传来了浓郁的柠檬树和花的香 味。This is a heavy n ews to every one that there will be a war n ext cen tury.下个世纪将有一场战争, 这对每个人来说都是一个令人忧虑的消息。His father is a heavy drinker.他父亲酒瘾极大。After school, she went home with a heavy heart.放学后，她心情沉重地回家了。This desser

10、t is not bad, but a little heavy.这种甜点心还不错，就是有点腻。He is so heavy that he n eeds extra-large shirts .他太胖了，需要穿特大号的衬衫。3.1 Subject (P14)1. We built a house.2. The house was built in the western compound (courtyard)/ The western compound wit nessed/saw the buildi ng of ano ther house.3. Ano ther house was

11、built last year/Last year wit nessed the build ing of ano ther house.4同25. The best learner will be given a reward./ Whoever learns (Those who learn)best will be give n a reward.6. 15 is an odd number. (even number 偶数)7. Jump ing and running help our digesti on.8. We use chopsticks when we have meal

12、s./ Chopsticks are used for eating meals./ Having meals requires the use of chopsticks.9. The members of the Presidium are sitti ng on the platform./ The platform is occupied by the members of the Presidium.10. Our finan cial resources are limited, but expe nses limitless.11. To empty one purse to h

13、elp people in need is a virtue./ It is a virtue for one to empty his purse to help people in n eed.12. To be scolded and to be beate n (puni shed) is to be loved.(Scoldi ng means lov ing, beat ing means affect ion). It will be stra nge (impossible) for a life without scoldi ng and beat ing.13. As fo

14、r his bus in ess, you n eed n worry too much.14. Wisdom/clever ness does ntn ecessarily mean success.15. Exact calculati on depe nds on a calm mind.16. It doesn matter to be slow, but it is easy to make mistakes to be fast./ Being slow is no problem, while being fast may result in mistakes.17. Where

15、 are we now? Where is it? Where am I?18. There is no meeti ng today.19. It is very excit ing in the village./ The village wit nesses an excit ing scene.20. There is plenty of meat in the kitchen; there are strong horses in the stable. But people looks hun gry, and there are people who starved to dea

16、th in the field.21. It is ok (all right) for me (one pers on) to do it./ Let me do it, it is eno ugh.22. It is impossible for him to believe what you said/your words.23. It is not stra nge that sometimes cats are more fierce tha n dogs./It sometimes happe ns that cats are more fierce tha n dogs. /Th

17、at cats are sometimes more fierce tha n dogs does happe n( in our life).24. Small shops dot the way.25. There are many people in the street.26. From outside the window came a gust of laughter.27. (You should) take one step and look around before tak ing ano ther.28. As you sow, so will you reap.29.

18、Be quiet.30. One lear ns as long as one lives./ We lear n as long as we live.31. With a kno wledge of n atural scie nces, one can go any where in the world./If one has a kno wledge of n atural scie nces, he /she can go any where in the world. /Whoever has (Those who have) a kno wledge of n atural sc

19、ie nces can go any where in the world.32. The man is stubbor n.33. Ma ny high buildi ngs were built.3.2 Predicate (P15)I. 1 kn ow that.2. Who said/did that?3. I feel very hot.4. The melon is very sweet.5. This pair of shoes is small and worn-o ut.6. He is a good guy.7. The girl has big eyes.8. Each

20、one gets one copy./one for each.9. The boy is 16 years old.10. We like/value old friends just as we like/value new clothes. /Old friends are as good as new clothes.II. He is smelli ng of sweat.12. He has a quick temper.13. During the Moon Festival every family eats moon cakes.14. The dish tastes sal

21、ted.15. It has n ra ined for 2 mon ths./It is 2 mon ths since it rained last.16. The child has a good memory.17. China is rich/abo und in land areas and resources.18. What we owed to our party is far beyond the measure/can be measured.19. The reeds on the wall are top-heavy, foot-light and root-shal

22、low. The bamboo shoots in the hill are ton gue-sharp, skin-thick, and stomach empty./ The reeds on the wall have heavy tops, light feet and shallow roots. The bamboo shoots in the hill have sharp ton gues, thick skin, and hallow in side.20. This con duct is immoral.21. The problem rema ins to be sol

23、ved by the labor union.22. Youre making a fuss about nothing./You re raising a storm in a teacup.23. You scared me out of my sen ses.24. It is not that I didn understand, but that I didn want to say anything.25. We must not only concern ourselves with pers onal affairs but the affairs of the state a

24、nd the world.26. He ofte n receives visitors and atte nds dinner parties.27. One of my friends lives in Hong Kong./ I have a friend living in Hong Kong./ I have a friend who lives in Hong Kong.28. Professor Li always sta nds there and gives his lectures./ Professor Li always sta nds there giving his

25、 lectures./ Professor Li always gives his lectures by standing in front of the classroom.29. Let ope n the window and let in the fresh air./ Let s ope n the window to let in the fresh air.30. He ofte n took his stude nts to the factory for a visit/to visit the factory.31. Taking a dict ion ary, he b

26、ega n to prepare his less on s./ He took a dict ionary and bega n to prepare his less ons.32. The childre n came running to greet us.33. He is going to ask for leave to go home by air to see his relatives next week.34. He is going to fix an appo in tme nt over the phone to meet her for a talk.35. I

27、remembered that he had bee n there.练习：I. 对于许多人来说，在当今计算机时代还需要由人来作翻译似乎不合情理。既然现代计算机能装入词典和语法，为什么不让计算机来作翻译呢？计算机是可以作一些非常简单的语际转换工作，条件是事前和事后都要进行大量的编辑。但是无论广告小册子还是抒 情诗都绝不可能归结为计算机所要求的那种逻辑。计算机打印出来的译文常常是可以看 懂的一一如果有关人员早就知道原文的大概。但是机器翻译出来的东西，其语言形式通 常是不自然的，而且有时候简直令人不可思议。再者，仅仅修改程序或者增加规则也不 会使译文有真正的改观。人的大脑不仅具有数字功能和模拟功能

28、，而且还有内存价值系 统，这个系统在语言成分分析上比起计算机来有着不可估量的优势。对于任何文体引人 入胜、语义复杂的文本一一包括大多数值得在另一种语言中表达出来的东西，非得由人来进行翻译不可。II . Put the following passage into English .Tran slati on means the con vers ion of an expressi on into ano ther Ian guage . To say plai nly it is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by mean

29、s of a Ian guage differe nt from the original. From the above definition of translation we know that the original thought of the expressi on must be kept as exactly as possible. Noth ing should be added to or take n away from the original work. The duty of the translator is simply to change the voca

30、bulary not the thought. In tran slati on therefore, there are two esse ntial eleme nts: accuracy and expressive ness.Accuracy is the first requisite of translation. The translator must stick to the authors idea. Words selected and sentences constructed must be of such nature as will convey the exact

31、 original thought. Expressiveness is to make the translation readily understood. In other words, the translator must express his authors idea as clearly and as forcibly as he can by the medium he employs. Accuracy is to make the thought definite and exact; while expressiveness is to make the tran sl

32、ati on vivid and attractive.II. (B)(C)(C)Unit 3 Translation Skills (1): Diction Judging from Different Contexts (P21)work (1) Yesterday we did a good day s w昨天我们干了一整天的工作。(2) They often work in the factories . 他们经常在工厂劳动。(3) It is a work of art . 那是一件艺术品。(4) We have read through the works by Einstein

33、. 我们已经读完了爱因斯坦的著作。(5) There was no automobile works in Hefei in 1950s .五十年代合肥没有汽车制造厂。(6) The works of these watches are all home-produced and wear well . 这些表的机件都是 国产的，并且耐磨。(7) If you push hard against something and move it , you have done work .如果你用力推一个东西，并且移动它，那你就做了功。(8) Some satellite relay statio

34、ns do a differe nt kind of work .有些卫星中继站有着一种不 同的功能。(9) He kn ows how to work this machi ne.他知道如何操作该机器。(10) The electronic computer doesn t work an这台电e子计算机不再运算了。Judging from Different Collocationsmake(1) They are trying to make a new type of electric motors to meet the n eeds of producti on他们正在试制一种新型

35、电动机来满足生产的需要。(2) Hydrogen and oxygen make Water .氢和氧构成水。Female spiders make webs in trees and flowers .雌蜘蛛把网织在树上或花丛中。(4) The new skin of the spider gets hard and makes a new skelet on 蜘蛛的新皮逐渐变硬，就 形成了一付新骨路。(5) Most substa nces make an in crease in volume whe n they are heated .大多数物质加热时， 体积增大。(6) We ar

36、e determ ined to make greater con tributi ons to the four moder ni zati ons of our country我们一定要为我国的四个现代化建设作出较大的贡献。(7) Great advances have been made in China s scienee and te中国在科y技方面已经取得了很大的进展。(8) We will make use of a nu mber of new sources of energy in the future .将来我们要禾U用许 多新的能源。(9) Molecules are

37、made up of atoms .分子由原子组成。(10) The very abstractness of mathematics makes it useful .正是数学的抽象性使它大有用处。(11) With electricity , radio communication is made possible .有了电，才使无线电通讯成为可能(才可能进行无线电通讯)。Translation Practices ( P23-24)I. Put the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the italicized

38、 words.1. 接到来函后，不到十分钟，我骑马动身了。至U达坎特布里，换乘四轮马车进镇，但一场雨把我浑身淋湿，患了重感冒，一时不能痊愈。大约中午到达财务委员会，要做的 第一件事，就是刮脸换衣。不久，打听到在委员会前树碑的内情。可是我尚未接到通知， 不过从送信者口里获悉翌日上午会有通知的。我一回到小旅馆就吃了晚饭，然后就上床 睡觉。第2天一早，吃过早饭，换好衣服，我就及时出发去打听有关纪念碑的事情。一 得到消息，我就坐上马车，在3点之前回到了坎特布里。没给你带来什么，再见吧。2. 独立宣言包括三个部分：第一部分阐明政治哲学一民主与自由哲学，内容深刻动人；第二部分列举若干具体的不平事例 ，以证

39、明乔治三世破坏了美国的自由；第三部分宣布独立,并宣誓支持该项政策。3. He got at the esse nee of matter by break ing through phe nomen alism.他突破了现象论，抓住了事物的本质。4. Waterpower has become a matter of great economic importanee .水力已成为经济上的一个重大问题。5. Nothing is the matter with the microscope .该显微镜没什么毛病。6. It s noatter whether you give me the d

40、ata early or late .不论你把数据/资料给我的早（或）晚，都无关紧要。7. May I advanee my opinion on the matter?我可以提出关于这件事的意见吗？8. The matter in the scie ntific writ ing is good but the style is deplorable .这篇科技文章的内容很好，但是体裁太糟糕了。9. Actually the more the physicists discover, the more utterly amazing the matter of existenee will

41、be .实际上，物理学家发现得越多，有关存在的实质就越令人惊奇。10. All the phenomena of nature are shown to us in time and in space through matter. 自然界的一切现象都通过物质以时间和空间的形式展现在我们面前。11. Men of scie nee in their experime nts claimed to have discovered what they believe to be the ultimate structure of matter, the quarks.科学家们经过实验宣告他们发现了

42、他们相信（认为）是物质最终结构的东西即夸克。12. By power is meant the rate of doing work.功率指的是做功的速率。13. E nergy is the power to do work. 能是做功的能力。14. Electric power can be transmitted over a long distanee .电力能够输送至U很远的距离。15. Large quantities of steam are used by modern industry in the generation of power.现代工业利用大量蒸汽来产生动动力。1

43、6. The higher the speed of the space, vehicle , the greater its power consumption .航天器（太空飞行器）的速度越快，它的能源消耗就越大。17. The fourth power of two is sixteen.二的四次方（幕）是十六。18. The surfaces of ceramics must be checked by examining them under a 20 power binocular microscope.陶瓷表面必须用20倍的双筒显微镜加以检验。19. The output pow

44、er of a mach ine is always smaller tha n its in put power.机器的输出功率总是小于输入功率。20. Accompa nying the strong wish for overall reducti on in weight and volume is the n eed to reduce the power consumption of components and equipments .在强烈希望减少总重量禾口 总体积（全面减少重量和体积）的同时，还需要减少元件和设备的动力消耗。II. Put the follow ing sen

45、tences into En glish, pay ing atte nti on to the word 红”.1. 他们的日子越过越红火。Their days are beco ming better and better.2. 喝了几杯酒，他脸上红扑扑的。After a few drinks his face flushed.3. 她曾经是老板的红人。She was once a favorite with the boss.4. 晚会开得红红火火。The evening party was a great success.5. 三十年代他红得发紫，战后就默默无闻了。He reached

46、 the height of his popularity in the thirties, and was all but forgotte n after thewar.6. 他通宵没睡，眼睛都熬红了。He stayed up all ni ght and his eyes are bloodshot.7. 学生们兴奋得满脸通红。The pupils glowed with excitement.8. 一见别人收入比他多，他就眼红。He is always jealous of people who can earn more tha n he does.9. 姑娘脸颊红扑扑的，挂着微笑。

47、The girl had rosy cheeks, brightened by a smile.10. 他俩从未红过脸。There has n ever bee n a cross word betwee n the two of them.11. 他的脸被火红的太阳得晒得黑黑的，一副健康的样子。His face was healthily tanned by the flam ing sun.12. 他是个很红的歌星。He is a very popular sin ger.13. 他年纪轻轻却已看破了红尘。Though he is young, he has already see n t

48、hrough the world of mortals.14. 今年我们厂是满堂红，各项指标都提前完成了。Our factory has had all-round success this year. All our targets have been fulfilled ahead of schedule.UNIT 4答案TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1（ P29-30）1 他对数论的抽象性，对天文学的冗长的计算方法以及对应用物理学的实际应用问题都 是同样精通的。2发电机的工作原理是以磁和电的这种相互作用为基础的。3.经过金星的，还有经过火星的其它飞行方案也计划出来了。4导体内

49、如果没有电压，便不会产生电子流动现象。5. 制造过程中的主要问题是如何控制污染和杂质，例如，药品的制造。6电可以在相隔一段距离的地方显示各种测量结果，这在许多场合都是很重要的。7 冶金学研究金属的提炼方法及其特性。8. 我真替她担忧，但此时此地，既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。9. 果断、坚毅、变通能力是人们在商场上取得成功的三个要素。10. 一幢幢的楼房，都是她从未见过的。11. 物价过去很高，现在仍然很高的真正原因是复杂的，不是两三句话就能圆满解释的。12. 直至今日他还坚持说，他当时以为我只是开开玩笑罢了。13. 老师们现在发现学生们过去很容易教，是因为当时他们很容易地把所学到的东

50、西运用 到实践中去。14. 我可以说，我们两国之间的关系比我所知道的以往任何时期都好，其基本特点在于比 以前更能坦率地交换意见。15. 我们不认为逃跑是不可能的。如果认为不可能，那就等于我们把自己仅存的一点希望 也放弃了。16. 要使一百五十万人有吃、有穿、有新地方住这是必须要做的事，但困难之大令人伤透了脑筋。17. A cat, whatever the color, is good if it catches mice.18. What matters if we have to face some difficulties? Let them block us for 8 or 10 y

51、ears, bythat time all of China problem will have been solved.19. It will take great pains to improve the financial situation of the factory.II （C） （ A） （C） （ A）TRANSLATION PRACTICE 2（ P34）1与人同乐才是真乐。2 柯达321A型微胶片阅读器操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观。3 人类对科学的探索，对知识的寻求，其结果是使自己具有了躲避天灾人祸的能力。4. 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。（over.no

52、t省译）。5. 热塑料加热就会变软。（if省译）6. 穷人在没有政府资助的情况下，也能活得不错，这个事实对多数人来说本身就是个巨大胜利。（as they did with it 省译）7. 给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个问题。（this省译）8. 同过去一样，将来必然会出现的新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。（they have 省译）9. 他耸耸（他的）肩，摇摇（他的）头，抬起（他的）两眼看天，一句话也不说。10. We must vigorously develop education and scie nee and tech n

53、o logy.11. The Party and the gover nment will rely on all quarters of society to in crease its support for the cen tral and wester n parts.12. In short, tak ing the country as a whole, I am con fide nt that we can gradually bridge the gapbetwee n coastal and inland areas.13. The big cities should pr

54、ess ahead with the reform of housing, and accelerate the establishment of a minimum standard of living for impoverished urban residents.14. In a sen se, China modernization is in separable from her econo mic cooperati on and trade ties with other n ati ons.15. The purposes of his journey were both m

55、ilitary and political.（原序号有误）16. The old man was wrin kled and black, with sca nt gray hair.17. They were start ing from scratch and n eeded men, guns, training.18. This improves patient s recovery time, discomfort and possibly dangerous side effects.III. B CCUNIT 5答案TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1（P44）1. 美国

56、真正摆脱了曾盛行于欧洲的所有不公正行为。（名词escape译为动词）2. 过了某一时刻，当大多数有关的事实到手时，你就会发现只能听凭收益递减律的摆布了。（介词in, at转译为动词）3. 然而全部历史告诫我们，否认这些基本原因，就会致使整个世界陷于瘫痪的、无处不有 的自私自利之中。（名词denial转译为动词）4. 十九世纪八十年代的美国是一个贫富分化极为明显的国家。（动词divided转译成了名词分化”畐恫sharply也相应地转译成了形容词极为明显的”）5把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时， 批评者不考虑其弊病来自于人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。（名词users转译成

57、动词 使用”，而形容词ill-i nformed , in compete nt相应地转成了动词不甚了解或副词 不当”）6. 座位上的那个女孩正好奇的打量着他旁边的那位老妇人。（名词转副词）7. 一位穿得考究，外表、谈吐像美国人的人上了出租车。（动词转名词）8我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。（名词转形容词）9.只要发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和幽默将这个人争取过来。（名词转副词）10他善于听取别人的意见。11、两国之间的贸易有很大的增加，这使双方都受益。12、看到故乡，他想起了自己的童年。13、他的话是无可辩驳的事实。14、我第一次抓住物种起源的中心思想时，当时的想法是“我真笨，怎么连这个都没想到。”15、The road to development is too long but we are on it.（ 介词转动词 ）16、His sufferanee of