高中英语情态动词讲解与练习五

1、情态动词情态动词的基本用法1. can (could1表示能力,could主要指过去时间。Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗?2表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上。The temperature can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing.气温可降至60,也就是零下60。He can´t (couldn´t have enough money for a new car. 他

2、不可能有足够的钱买新车。You mustn´t smoke while you´re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.在林子里走时勿吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。3表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?He asked whether he could take the book out of the readingroom.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Where can (c

3、ould they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢?He can´t (couldn´t be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心?5比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?I´m afraid we couldn´t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。2. may (might1表允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。You

4、may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May (Might I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don´t ./ You´d better not. / No, you mustn´t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。2表可能(事实上。可

5、以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。They might be having a meeting, but I´m not sure. 他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。3. must1表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志。We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。You mus

6、tn´t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗?-No, you needn´t. / No, you don´t have to. 不必。(这种情况下,一般不用mustn´t2表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。She´s wearing a diamond necklace. She must hav

7、e a lot of money.她戴着钻石项链,一定很有钱。4. shall1表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗?Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗?What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么?2表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺He shall

8、 be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划(决心 5. will1表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。None is so blind as those who won´t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book, I´ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书

9、,我会把它借给你。2表请求,用于疑问句。Will you close the window? It´s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。Won´t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗?3表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。The door won´t open. 这门打不开。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点,看着车

10、辆行人通过。6. should1表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做,用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldn´t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。2表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。7.would1表意愿。The

11、y would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着旧。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗?Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗?They wouldn´t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。3表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾

12、向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。8. ought to1表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做,口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲,应当管他。You oughtn´t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。2表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.

13、 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。There´s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。9. used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下,现在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.街道拐角处过

14、去有座楼房,现在拆了。I usedn´t (didn´t use to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。Used you (Did you use to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗?情态动词还有一个很重要的用法,即情态动词表推测情态动词表推测的用法小结(一情态动词表推测的三种句式1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定,may(可能,might / could(也许,或许。(1He must/may/might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。(2It is cold in

15、 the room. They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。2.否定句中用cant / couldnt(不可能, may not/might not(可能不。(1It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长,他去美国了。(2He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。3.疑问句中用can/could (能?。(1Could he have finished the task? 他可

16、能把任务完成了吗?(2Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗?注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。(二情态动词表推测的三种时态1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词+ 动词原形”。(1She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。(2She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting any

17、one. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词+ be”,“情态动词+be doing”或“情态动词+ 动词原形”。(1He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。(2He cant ( couldnt / may ( might not be at home at this time.这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。(3Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could he

18、be late for the opening ceremony ?布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词+ have +过去分词”。(1It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。(2The door was locked. He can ( could not / may ( might not have been at home .门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。(3Can / Could he have gott

19、en the book?难道他找到书了吗?注:情态动词should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如:(4Its seven oclock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测(5She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟她本该出

20、席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。(6Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。重点疑难(一need和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。1.用作情态动词-Need I come? -Yes, you must. -我需要来吗? -需要。You needn´t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话

21、给他。I don´t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。How dare you say I´m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平?Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。2.用作实义动词You don´t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。The table needs

22、painting (to be painted. 桌子需要油漆一下。We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。He did not dare (to look up. 他不敢抬头看。I dare day he´ll come again. 我想他会再来的。(cI dare say为固定习语(二情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法1.情态动词后跟完成式,表“应当已经”,“想必已经”,“本来可以”等意。I should have finished the work earlier. 我应当早一点完成这项工作的。He isn

23、80;t here. He must have missed the train. 他还未到,一定是没赶上火车。Where can (could he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢?You may (might have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。You could (might have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。He needn´t have worried about it. 他本不必为此事担心。There was a lot of fun at yesterday´s party. You

24、ought to have come, but why didn´t you昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来,为何不来呢?2. 情态动词后跟进行式,表示“想必正在”,“可能正在”,“应当正在”等意。It´s twelve o´clock. They must be having lunch. 现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。They may be discussing this problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。He can´t be telling the truth. 他说的不可能是真话。She shouldn´t be work

25、ing like that. She´s still so weak. 她不应当那样干,她身体仍那么虚。(三几组词的辨异1. can 和be able to1情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could,而be able to有多种时态形式。Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。2用在过去时中,could经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而waswere able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。He coul

26、d swim across the English Channel. But he didn´t feel like it that day.他能游过英吉利海峡,但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。2. must和 have tomust表示主观意志,而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式,除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间,在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。I told her that she must give up sm

27、oking. 我叫她必须戒烟。We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。3. would和used to1used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同,而would只表过去的情况。People used to think that the earth was flat.过去人们认为地球是平的。(现在人们不这么认为。She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.在乡下时,她总是在早晨去散会儿步。(可能现在仍有散步的习惯。

28、2used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况,而would只表示过去的习惯动作。He used to would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。She used to be fat. 她过去很胖专项练习(一1. I _ you, because I thought I must be wrong.A. dare not askB. dare not to askC. dare not askingD. dare to not ask2. There _ some flowers in the garden.A. were used to beB. used

29、 to beC. uses to beD. used to be having3. “_ I take it out?”“I´m sorry, you _.”A. Could couldn´tB. Mightmight notC. CouldcanD. Maycan´t4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You _ hurt yourself.A. mayB. mightC. willD. might have5. You _ those letters. Why didn´t you ?A. should pos

30、tB. should have postedC. must have postedD. ought to post.6. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up.A. must getB. is gettingC. must be gettingD. would get7. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink.A. willcanB. maycanC. maydaresD. darecan8. “Need we do this job now?”“Yes,_.”A. you n

31、eedB. you shouldC. you mustD. you can9. _ to have lunch with us today?A. Do you likesB. Would you likeC. Will you likedD. Have you liked10. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished.A. mayB. mustC. canD. might11. Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his

32、 car.A. mustB. canC. needD. may12. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isn´t very sure yet.A. mustB. canC. mayD. will13. Michael _ be a policeman, for he´s much too short.A. needn´tB. can´tC. shouldn´tD. won´t14. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some ca

33、kes.A. mayB. mightC. canD. could15. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to sayB. dare sayingC. not dare sayD. dared say16. Come on! We _ hurry because there isn´t much time left.A. mayB. mustC. canD. need17. Amy did best in the English test. She _ hard last week.A. must have workingB.

34、 should have workedC. should workD. must work18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to19. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara.A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed

35、20. It´s nearly seven o´clock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can专项练习(二1. Jean have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. would2. Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time.A. could; couldB. might; couldC. sho

36、uld; couldD. should; would3. So many mistakes in your homework! You more careful.A. may beB. had toC. would beD. should have been4.Her brother be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldn't5.-I cant understand why our boss

37、 is late. -He the early bus.A. could missB. may have missedC. can have missedD. might miss6. She didn't answer the phone, she _ asleep.A. may beB. must beC. should have beenD. must have been7.The little girls eyes were red. She _.A. may cryB. must cryC. must be criedD. must have been crying8.He_

38、 his supper now, for the dining hall is still closed.A. cant be havingB. neednt be havingC. mustnt be havingD. shouldn't be having9.I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It _ .A. may be stolenB. must be stolenC. must have been stolenD. must have stolen10. _ Mr. Black_go to wo

39、rk by ferry before the bridge was built?A. Did; used toB. Use; toC. Did; use toD. Does; use to11. The hotel is only a stones throw away, you _ take a bus.A. need not toB. not need toC. don't needD. need not12. I am busy now, _ my brother do it for you ?A. WillB. ShallC. MustD. May13. -You neednt

40、 do it right now, need you?-Yes I am afraid I _ .A. needB. needntC. mustD. mustnt14.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who _ have taken it? (2003年上海春季高考 A. should B. must C. could D. would15. -The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course. (2003年北京春季高考A.WillB. ShallC. WouldD. Do16. If y

41、ou have something important to do, you _ waste any time.A. needntB. mustntC. may notD. wont17. If you want to borrow a football after school, your student card_ here.A. has to leaveB. must leaveC. has to be leftD. must be left18. “ Did you scold him for his carelessness?”“Yes, but _ it”A. Id rather

42、not doB. Id rather not have doneC. I shouldnt doD. Id better not do19. “ Dont get near to it . It is too dangerous!”“_” .A. Yes, I wontB. No, I dontC. No, I cantD. No, I wont20. He must be in the classroom, _ he?A. mustntB. cantC. isntD.can21. He_ be in the garden. He must be in the room.A. cantB. m

43、ustntC. will notD. may not22. “Do you have to leave now?”“I am very sorry, but I really_.”A. cantB. haveC. shouldD. must23. “Lets go to the library, shall we?”“_?”A. No, I cantB. Yes, I willC. Yes , thank youD. No, wed better not24. “Can I take it away?”“ You _ better not.”A. shouldB. couldC. wouldD

44、. had25. You _ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.A. couldntB. needntC. wouldntD. mustnt26. See who is there!_it be May?A. MayB. MustC. CanD. Will27. John_ be a basketball player. He is much too short.A. mayB. mustntC. cantD. should28. The Chinese teacher looks so pale. She _ be

45、 ill.A. mustB. mustntC. canD. need29. Something_to save our earth. Do you think so?A. can doB. must doC. has to doD. must be done30. Look at what you have done! You _ be more careful.A. oughtB. canC. wouldD. should专项练习(三1. Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party. He _. He is a man of

46、keeping his word.A. could have leftB. must have leftC. cant comeD. wont be comi ng2. May I park my car here? No, you _. No car is allowed to park here.A. may notB. needntC. mustntD. darent3. Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is?Its two blocks straight ahead. You _ miss it.A. m

47、ustntB. cantC. needntD. shouldnt4. I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning.You _. Hes still on holiday in Hawaii.A. c ouldnt h aveB. mustnt haveC. shouldntD. neednt5. How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher? Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he _ know _ to expe

48、ct us.A. shall; whyB. could; whenC. would; whatD. will; how6. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, _ be just noise to others.A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. could7. Someone _ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.A. must be usingB. must have usedC. must useD. must have been using8. How dan

49、gerous it was! Yes, but for the passer-bys quick action, the girl _.A. was drownedB. could have been drownedC. had drownedD. should be drowned9. You _ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you _ hurt him.A. should; canB. may; willC. mustnt; mayD. cant; must10. Why does Alice k

50、now so much about Angkor Wat? She _ have been there, or .A. mustB. oughtnt toC. mayD. cant11. You may la ugh, but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian. Oh, you _ be crazy. You will be hungry all the time.A. mustB. mayC. willD. need12. Whats the matter with you?Oh, Im not feeling well in the st

51、omach. I _ so much fried fi sh just now.A. shouldnt eatB. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eatenD. mustnt eat13. _ he have been chosen as captain of the football team? Yes, he _.A. Can; must haveB. Must; must haveC. Can; mustD. Must; must14. Mr. Zhang _ in Shanghai tomorrow morning.A. can have arri

52、vedB. will have arrivedC. may have arrivedD. must have arrived15. Miss Wang started at 8 oclock, and she _ be there now.A. shouldB. canC. cantD. need16. It must be Mr. Li who did it. No, it _ be Mr. Li.A. mustntB. wouldntC. cantD. may17. You _ finish reading the book as soon as possible.A. mayB. can

53、C. needD. should18. Need you go to work now? Yes, I _.A. mustB. needC. canD. dare19. Your trousers are dirty. _ them for you?A. Shall I washB. Will I washC. Am I going to washD. Am I washing20. You are late for school today. You _ to school earlier.A. ought to comeB. should have comeC. ought have co

54、meD. should come21. We must learn from Lei Feng, _ we?A. mayB. cantC. dontD. neednt22. She must be hungry, _ she?A. isntB. needntC. doesnt D wont23. He ought to come here early, _ he?A. wouldB. shouldC. didntD. shouldnt24. You used to smoke, _ you?A. used toB. dontC. didntD. shouldnt25. You ought _ for what you havent done.A. not to be punishedB. not be punishedC. to not punishedD. to not be punished26. _ you please tell me the way to the post office?A. MustB. NeedC. WouldD. Should27. Im sure he _ have the comp