译林牛津高一英语模块二unit1-reading-Language points

1、 Boy missing, police puzzled. = A boy went missing, and the police were puzzled. missing和和puzzled分别为现在分词和过分别为现在分词和过去分词作去分词作表语表语。现在分词作表语和主。现在分词作表语和主语之间往往是语之间往往是主动关系主动关系，表示主语的表示主语的性质性质；过去分词作表语和主语之间往；过去分词作表语和主语之间往往是往是被动关系被动关系，表主语所处的状态表主语所处的状态。puzzled 1. puzzle vt. 使迷惑使迷惑,使为难使为难 n. 迷惑迷惑,困惑困惑,难题难题,令人不令人不

2、解的事解的事 puzzlement n. 迷惑迷惑 2.puzzling adj.(物物)令人困惑不解的令人困惑不解的 3.puzzled adj.(人人)困惑的困惑的;可做定语可做定语修饰人的修饰人的voice, expression, look等等(=confused) John seemed puzzled about what the question meant. Jack was puzzled that Nicholas didnt seem to recognize him. 1.be/seem puzzled about对对感感到困惑到困惑/无法理解无法理解 2.be puz

3、zled that对对感到不解感到不解常作表语的现在分词和过去分词有：常作表语的现在分词和过去分词有：interesting, exciting, surprising, shocking, astonishing, puzzling, worrying, frighteninginterested, excited, surprised, shocked, astonished, puzzled, worried, frightened2. Police in have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went m

4、issing e.g. He has to step up his training to prepare for the race. step up The health department is stepping up efforts to reduce teenager smoking. John didnt step up to his mother until the teacher had finished speaking to her.走上前去走上前去 1.step up sth加紧加紧,加强加强 2.step up to sb.走向某人走向某人词语拓展：词语拓展：step

5、forward 走上前来，跨前一步走上前来，跨前一步step back （由于吃惊）后退一步（由于吃惊）后退一步step inside (in) 进屋里来进屋里来step into 进入里面进入里面step by step 一步步地一步步地out of step 合不上步子合不上步子take step (a step) 采取措施，走（一步）采取措施，走（一步）go missing 失踪失踪 此处此处go为系动词为系动词,后接后接形容词做表语形容词做表语, “变得，变成变得，变成”go + adj. ( become + adj. ) 如：如：He went/became crazy when

6、he found out that he had failed the exam.The heat has caused the milk to go sour.incident 1. A strange incident happened in the city the other day. A UFO made a visit.C 发生的事情发生的事情(不同不同寻常的寻常的,讨厌的讨厌的) 2. There was a shooting incident near here last night. 3.Border incidents often happen between the 2

7、countries.C, U严重事严重事件件,暴力事件暴力事件C (国家间的国家间的)摩擦摩擦,冲突冲突3. This incident has received great interest due to reports of due to ( because of, caused by) 由于，由于， 因因而造成而造成 如：如： His disappearance was due to the storm.The teams success was largely due to her efforts. be due to sb.归功于归功于Our book is not due to b

8、e published until December.be due to do sth.预期，预计预期，预计due 还有其他含义：还有其他含义：1) 到期（应偿付，付给）到期（应偿付，付给）e.g. The electricity bill is due tomorrow.2) 定于（某时）到达定于（某时）到达e.g. Our train is due in Paris at 2 p.m. (1) due to + n. (pron.)在句中作状语，不在句中作状语，不可置于句首，如要放在句首用可置于句首，如要放在句首用owing to或或because of, thanks to (因为因为,

9、由于由于)e.g. Owing to busy work, I dont have time to go to the club.(2) due to 在句中还可作表语或定语。在句中还可作表语或定语。e.g. The wage due to him will be paid tomorrow. see/hear I saw the spaceship fly into space. Before the UFO disappeared, Kelly heard her brother shout. 1.see/hear sb/sth do sth.听见听见(看见看见)某人某物做了某事某人某物做

10、了某事(描述全过程描述全过程) The witness said he saw a little boy crossing the road alone at 8:00 pm. I heard her singing an English song. 2.see/hear sb doing sth.听见听见/看见某看见某人正在做某事人正在做某事 When he came back, he saw the broken door repaired. 3.see/hear sth done 听见听见/看见某物看见某物被做被做witness Police are looking for witnes

11、ses to the accident. 1. n. 目击者，见证人目击者，见证人 Many villagers witnessed the strange creature in the forest. 2. vt. 目击目击,当场看到当场看到,亲眼看到亲眼看到 Recent years have witnessed a growing price of daily goods. 3.vt. 是发生是发生的时间的时间/地点等，见地点等，见证证 He witnessed to seeing the girl robbed. 4.vi. witness to doing 作证作证,证明证明属实属

12、实Put on Would you mind if I put some music on? 1.播放播放(激光唱片激光唱片,磁带磁带) Its very cold today; youd better put on a coat. 2.穿上穿上,戴上戴上 She put on the brakes suddenly. 3.打开开关打开开关 How many pounds did you put on over Christmas? 4.长胖长胖,增加体重增加体重倒装句倒装句 结构结构: 表语表语(表示地点的介词短语表示地点的介词短语)+be+主语主语 Present at the meeti

13、ng were the policemen who wanted to step up their search for the missing boy. 1.“Happy birthday” was written on the card. On the card was written “Happy birthday”. 2. A river is at the foot of the mountain. At the foot of the mountain is a river. 3. A garden is in front of the classroom. In front of

14、 the classroom is a garden.flash A flash of lightning was followed by thunder. 1.n. 闪光，闪耀闪光，闪耀 Hearing what he said, a flash of anger came to her mind. 2.(情感的情感的)突发突发 Her eyes flashed with excitement. 3.vi.闪光闪光,闪耀闪耀 An idea flashed into her mindwhy not help the puzzled boy work out the puzzling prob

15、lem? 4.vi. (想法的想法的)突现突现 In a flash he realized he was completely wrong. 1. in/like a flash很快很快,转眼间转眼间,一瞬一瞬间间 Her thoughts flashed back to the day when she witnessed the incident. 2.flash back (to sth.)回忆回忆,回想回想,回回顾顾assume We cant assume anything in this case. 1.assume+n. 假定假定Lets assume the aliens t

16、o be short.2.Assume + 宾语宾语(+to be)+adj.假定假定/以为以为是是 Many people assume that the evidence is weak. 3. assume that从句从句 Assuming that the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money? 4.assuming that假定假定 在句子中做独立成分在句子中做独立成分 You will assume your new duties tomorrow. 2.vt.担任担任,承担承担 承担责任承担责任 ass

17、ume responsibility Her countenance assumed a smile. The motion of matter always assumes certain forms. 3.呈现呈现,具有具有,采取采取,表现表现 1. n. assumption 假定假定,设想设想,承担承担,担任担任 Make an assumption做出假定做出假定 On the assumption that假定假定 His air of assumption made him disliked. 自负自负,傲慢傲慢 类似结构类似结构 Supposing/assuming/provi

18、ding (that) 假如假如,如果如果 Considering (that)考虑到考虑到 Judging from根据根据判断判断 Given考虑到考虑到,在有在有的情况下的情况下 S u p p o s i n g h e i s a b s e n t , what shall we do? Considering that you are no longer involved with this man, your response is a little extreme. Judging from his behavior, he is a nobleman. Given that

19、 you dont disturb others, you may come to sit in our class.5. Mr. Foster was working that night on his road construction job, and was not home when these events occurred. construction n. e.g. The building is a peculiarly shaped construction.n.建筑物建筑物 The building is under construction. 2.建造建造,建设建设,施工

20、施工 This sentence does not bear such a construction. 3.解释解释,意义意义 The construction of the sentence is wrong. 4.结构结构,造句造句;作图作图,构造构造 under construction在建设中在建设中 1.建造建造,建设建设,施工施工construct He eventually constructed a business empire. vt. 建设，建造建设，建造, The story is skillfully constructed. 构建，构思构建，构思 Construct

21、 a square on the paper. 作作(几何图形几何图形) The building is under construction. The building is being constructed. occur I hope this wont occur again.vi. 发生发生 Such a case does occur in real life.vi. 存在存在,出现出现A good idea occurred to him.1. occur to sb (主意或想法突然主意或想法突然)浮现在脑浮现在脑海中海中,想起想起,想到想到(常与常与to连用连用,it做形式主

22、语做形式主语) It occurred to me that I had left the construction model at home. 我没想到你会拒绝。我没想到你会拒绝。 It didnt occur to me that you would object. It occurs to sb that某人想到某人想到 辨析辨析 occur/happen A strange thing happened. I happened to be at the station when he arrived. happen to do sth.碰巧碰巧,恰巧恰巧 1.occur具体事情的发生

23、具体事情的发生,常与介词常与介词to搭配搭配 2.happen”偶然偶然,碰巧碰巧”发生发生 show upe.g. He promised to come on Tuesday but he never showed up. 出现，露面出现，露面 1. You showed him up by calling him his nick name in front of his girlfriend. ( make sb. embarrassed) 使使难堪难堪2. The sunlight showed up the marks on the glass. ( make sth. becom

24、e visible)使明显使明显,使显现使显现,使显示出来使显示出来show的相关词组的相关词组1) 炫耀，夸耀；卖弄炫耀，夸耀；卖弄2) 显示；显示； 渲染（某物的优点）渲染（某物的优点）show off 带某人参观带某人参观show sb aroundso that从句从句 They stepped up the construction of the new building so that they could complete it ahead of time. so that引导目的状语从句引导目的状语从句,”为了为了”,从从句谓语中通常含有句谓语中通常含有can, could等情

25、态动等情态动词词 They stepped up the construction of the new building, so that they completed it ahead of time. so that引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句,前面常前面常有逗号与主句隔开。有逗号与主句隔开。research He is busy with research work. 1.研究，调查，探索研究，调查，探索 My researches were directed towards finding a cure for headaches. 2.研究工作，学术研究，创造性工研究工作，学术

26、研究，创造性工作作 He has been researched into/on the effects of radioactivity. 1.vi.research into/on sth. 研究研究search I searched everywhere but I couldnt find your book. 1. vt.搜寻搜寻,寻找寻找 Ive searched my conscience and I still think I did the right thing. 2.vt.探寻，调查探寻，调查 The boy spent a lot of time searching f

27、or the information about UFOs on the Internet. 2. vi. search for搜寻搜寻,寻找寻找 The company has spent millions in the search for oil. 1.n. search for 探寻探寻,搜寻搜寻,调查调查 Scientists are in search of the cure for the disease. 2. in search of 寻找寻找8. When asked about the possibility that has taken charge of possib

28、ility n. 可能性可能性e.g. There is a strong possibility that they will win the next election. Theres possibility that有可能有可能 2. possibility of doing sth.做某事的做某事的可能性可能性 3.adj.possible可能的可能的 4.adv.possibly可能可能 It is possible/probable/likely that有可能的有可能的 Sb./sth. be likely to do sth.某人有某人有可能做某事可能做某事e.g. The d

29、epartment was badly organized until she took charge of it. The policeman said he would take charge of the gun.take charge of 控制，掌管，担负责任控制，掌管，担负责任 In charge of 负责负责,掌管掌管 In the charge of sb. 由某人负责由某人负责 In ones charge 由某人负责由某人负责 Free of charge 免费免费case Police worked on the case for a year, but didnt f

30、ind out who the murderer was. CN.案子案子 It occurred to me that my case was different. CN.情况情况 If that is the case, then I have nothing to say. CN.事实事实 The doctor invited some experts to discuss his case. CN.病情病情 当先行词为当先行词为case(情况情况),situation(形形势势),position(位置位置,职位职位),condition(情形情形,条件条件),point(境地境地),

31、stage(境地境地,阶段阶段),且在从句中充当状语且在从句中充当状语,常用常用where/in which来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。 I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.9. Sometimes people make up such amazing stories. e.g. Tom makes up stories to amuse his little brother

32、. make up 编造编造 make up 还有其他含义：还有其他含义：e.g. I feel I have been mean to you, and I want to make it up to you.1) 弥补，补偿弥补，补偿e.g. The toy cost a dollar and Ted only had fifty cents, so his dad made up the difference.2) 凑足凑足e.g. She doesnt go to work without making up.3) 化妆化妆e.g. Girls make up 45% of the s

33、tudent population in our school.4) 组成组成evidence You must give enough evidence to prove him innocent. UN, CN.根据根据,证据证据,证明证明 The witness refused to give evidence in the beginning. UN.法庭上的证据法庭上的证据,物证物证10. So, while we have not dismissed the idea, we are looking into other possibilities as well. e.g. Th

34、eir evidence was dismissed as completely useless. vt. 不予考虑不予考虑,认为认为 The officer was dismissed from his service. 2.vt.解雇，撤职，开除解雇，撤职，开除 The teacher dismissed his students before the bell rang. 3.vt.解散解散,使退去使退去难句解析难句解析 Justin Forster, a high school student, went missing last Friday night.【分析讲解分析讲解】同位语：

35、一个名词（或其他形式）对另同位语：一个名词（或其他形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明，这个名词（或其他形式）就是同明，这个名词（或其他形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常紧挨在一起。一致，并常紧挨在一起。 考例考例1 To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. A. us B. we C. our

36、 D. ours考例考例2There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. whichC. until D. if2. Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white-skinned, and large black eyes. 飞船里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又大飞船里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又大又黑的奇怪生物。又黑的奇怪生物。【分析讲解分析讲解】 这是一个倒装句，主语是这是一个倒装句，主语是lots o

37、f strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes。当方位副词或表。当方位副词或表示方位的介词短语提前时，整个句子示方位的介词短语提前时，整个句子全全部倒装部倒装。如：。如： By Mr. Greens side sat his faithful dog. 格林先生的旁边蹲着他的忠实的狗。格林先生的旁边蹲着他的忠实的狗。Exercises1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p.m. 考点考点 see，hear，watch，ob

38、serve，notice，feel，look at，listen to等感官等感官动词（词组）动词（词组）see，hear，watch，observe，notice，feel，look at，listen to等感官动词（词组）后面等感官动词（词组）后面的宾语补足语有三种形式：动词原形（不的宾语补足语有三种形式：动词原形（不带带to的不定式）、的不定式）、V-ing形式和形式和V-ed形式。形式。 动词原形表示动作的主动和完成；动词原形表示动作的主动和完成； V-ing形式表示动作的主动或正在进行；形式表示动作的主动或正在进行； V-ed形式表示动作的被动或完成。形式表示动作的被动或完成。1 After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call点拨点拨 V-ing短语短语calling him作宾语补足作宾语补足 语，表示动作的主动和正在进行。语，表示动作的主动和正在进行。2 In the dream Peter saw himself _ by a fierce wolf, and h