第四讲 翻译中常用的十大技巧

1、lecture four翻译中常用的十大技巧Zhang Wanfangn1. Conversion 指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语；把谓语变成主语、定语、表语；把定语变成状语、主语；把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如： A. His drawings of hors

2、es are exceptionally good.他画马画得特别好。(n. - v.) B. Under the good care of Proletarian revolutionary Li Xiannian, WHPU was founded in 1951. 1951年，武汉工业学院在无产阶级革命家李先念同志关怀下成立。（n. - v.） C.Are you familiar with the product process for new product？ 你熟悉产品的流程吗？(adj. - v.) D.Your assignments must be in by Tuesday

3、 星期二之前必须把作业交上来。(prep. - v.)一、英汉翻译时名词和动词之间的相互转换 1. The leader laid special stress on raising the quality of the products. 该领导特别强调提高产品质量。 2. One of the characteristics of the Chinese language is the predominance of the verb. 汉语的特点之一是动词占优势。 3. The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by t

4、heir fine workmanship and durability. 该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。二、英汉翻译时形容词和动词之间的转换 4. We are not content with our present achievement. 我们决不满足于现有的成就。 5. We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake. 获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。 6. Her mother was anxious about her health. 她母亲为她

5、的健康担忧。 7. They are doubtful whether he can afford it. 他们怀疑他是否能担负得起。三、英汉翻译时介词和动词之间的相互转换 8. We must keep on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks. 我们必须不顾一切困难，挫折，坚持战斗。四、英汉翻译时名词和形容词副词之间的转换 9. The air was fresh and fragrant; it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort. 译1：空气

6、是这样的清香，使人感到分外凉爽、舒畅。 译2：空气清新宜人，给人一种特别清爽舒适之感。 10. He tried to cover up his embarrassment with the enthusiasm of his hospitality. 他试图用热情的款待把他的窘态掩盖过去。五、英汉翻译时英语动词和汉语名词的互换 11. His speech impressed the audience deeply. 他的讲演给听众的印象很深。 12. Most students behaved respectfully towards their teachers. 大部分学生对老师态度很

7、恭敬。2Addition/amplification： 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： 13.What about calling him right away? 14.If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 1

8、5.Indeed, the reverse is true 16.这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries. 17.在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。 In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak. 18.三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。 Three cobbl

9、ers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增译注释性词语） 19. 新中国到处可以看到新人新事物。Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China. 3.omission： 这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。 20. You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing. 21. I hope

10、 you will enjoy your stay here. 22. 中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。 The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. 4. Division &Combination 这是两种相对应的翻译方法。前者是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。 23. Increased cooperation with China is in the intere

11、sts of the United States. 24. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 25. I am deeply indebted and thankful to Professor Niu Xinsheng, Professor Yang Chenghu and Professor Zhang Minglin who give me some valuable sugges

12、tions on how to write my thesis in the aspects of both thoughts and languages of thesis. 26.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。 China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, f

13、orests and places for urban and other uses.（合译）5. Negation正译法和反译法正译法和反译法： 这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如： 27. Still he failed to understand me. 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 28. 在美国，人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone

14、 can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) 29. 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. （反译） 30. Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译） 请暂时不要发这份文件。（

15、反译）补充：补充： Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese or Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chineseanxiety不知所措不知所措be fatally ill不成功不成功life sentencesafe and sound不久不久staff only油漆未干油漆未干请勿倒置请勿倒置请勿践踏草坪请勿践踏草坪焦虑不安焦虑不安at a loss不治之症不治之症failure无期徒刑无期徒刑安然无恙安然无恙soon闲人免入闲人免入wet paintkeep uprightkeep of

16、f the grass1Man is not born to die.A人生下来就是要人生下来就是要活活下去。下去。B人生下来不是要死。人生下来不是要死。2He will certainly come unless he is ill. A只要他只要他没有病倒没有病倒，就一定会来的。，就一定会来的。B除非他除非他病倒病倒，他就一定会来的。，他就一定会来的。3John was a fool for danger.A. 约翰对危险是傻子。约翰对危险是傻子。B. 约翰约翰天不怕地不怕天不怕地不怕。4Such a chance was denied me. A我被这样一个机会给拒绝了。我被这样一个机会

17、给拒绝了。B我没有得到这样一个机会。我没有得到这样一个机会。5. She is just like a man.A她刚好像个男人。她刚好像个男人。B她一点也不像个女人。她一点也不像个女人。6I deserve it. I deserve that they should know. I am too silly to be alive. (E.M.Forster: The Celestial Omnibus)A“真是的！我应该让他们知道这件事。我真是真是的！我应该让他们知道这件事。我真是傻得该傻得该死死。”B“真是的！我应该让他们知道这件事。我傻得真是的！我应该让他们知道这件事。我傻得不能活。

18、不能活。”7Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.A非洲不踢出西方帝国主义为了请进其他新的非洲不踢出西方帝国主义为了请进其他新的主子。主子。B非洲踢出西方帝国主义非洲踢出西方帝国主义并不是并不是为了请进其他为了请进其他新的主子。新的主子。8The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us.A这些事件这些事件引起了引起了我们的重视。我们的重视。B 这些事件不是对我们不起作用。这些事件不是对我们不起作用。9I believe then that I would die there, and I saw with a terrible clarity the things of the valley below. They were not the less beautiful to me. (N. S. Momaday: The End of my Childhood)A这时我觉得我要死在那儿了，下面山谷里的景这时我觉得我要死在那儿了，下