2012年高考英语 试题分项版解析Ⅲ专题01 人物传记、故事类阅读理解（教师版）

1、2012年全国及各地高考英语分类精品解析系列简介单项选择题分类解析系列专题01单项选择题分类解析（冠词、名词和主谓一致）专题02单项选择题分类解析（代词）专题03单项选择题分类解析（介词和介词短语）专题04单项选择题分类解析（形容词和副词）专题05单项选择题分类解析（动词和动词短语）专题06单项选择题分类解析（动词的时态和语态）专题07单项选择题分类解析（情态动词和虚拟语气）专题08单项选择题分类解析（非谓语动词）专题09单项选择题分类解析（定语从句）专题10单项选择题分类解析（连词和状语从句）专题11单项选择题分类解析（名词性从句）专题12单项选择题分类解析（特殊句式）专题13单项选择题分类

2、解析（交际用语）完形填空题分类解析系列专题01记叙文完形填空专题02夹叙夹议完形填空阅读理解题分类解析系列专题01人物传记、故事类阅读理解专题02新闻报道、广告类阅读理解专题03社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解专题04科普类阅读理解专题05新题型阅读理解书面表达题分类及选择讲评专题01书面表达题分类及选择讲评（文字提纲式）专题02书面表达题分类及选择讲评（图画式）专题03书面表达题分类及选择讲评（开放式）（共18篇）一、(2012安徽卷)CWhen Frida Kahlos paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintin

3、gs as “ a ribbon （丝带）around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City , Kahlo suffered from polio（小儿麻痹症）at the age of seven. He

4、r spine（脊柱）become bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but noting was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. Wh

5、ile lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Riveras strong influences on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence fro

6、m her husband.Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and1940s, even in her home country. Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953.For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlos works remained largely unnoticed by the world, but in the 1970s her

7、 works began to gain international fame at last. 64. What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in paragraph 1 most nearly mean? A. a far better artist B. a for more gifted artist C. a much stronger person D. a much more famous person65. The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by . A. polio B. he

8、r bent spineC. back injuries D. the operations she had【答案】C 【解析】归纳推理。根据第二段“Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but noting was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. ”说明尽管经历了多次手术，仍然没有治愈她背上那巨大的疼痛， 再结合前面说她在一次车祸中背部受伤， 可知她背上的疼痛是由背上的伤引起的。66. Kahlos style had become increa

9、singly independent since the . A.1930s B. 1940s C. 1950s D. 1970s二、(2012山东卷) BOne of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambit

10、ious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used. This was a huge task. So Murrary had to find volunteers from Britain, the United St

11、ates, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American Surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor,

12、 Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford. Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors. But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So i

13、n 1897， Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally insane. Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more

14、 than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend. Minor died in 1920, seven ye

15、ars before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. 61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _. A. came out before minor die

16、d B. was edited by an American volunteer C. included the English words invented by MurrayD. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?A. He was shut in an asylumB. He lived far from OxfordC. He was busy writing a bookD. He disliked traveling

17、 【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally Insane他在布罗德莫精神病院负责关押精神病犯人的牢房里发现了 迈纳博士被锁在一间周围整齐地放满了书籍的牢房里，可知，Minor被关在一家精神病院里，这是他不能去牛津的原因。lock和shut为同义词64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because _.A. they both served in the C

18、ivil War. B. They had a common interest in wordsC. Minor recovered with the help of MurrayD. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段的Murray and Minor became good friends, sharing their love of words默里教授和迈纳博士成了好朋友，分享自己对于英文单词的热爱，可知，他们成为好朋友的主要原因在于他们都对词汇很热爱。65. Which of the f

19、ollowing best describe Dr. Minor?A. Brave and determined B. Cautious and friendly C. Considerate and optimisticD. Unusual and scholarly 66. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The history of the English language.B. The friendship between Murray and Minor C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dic

20、tionaryD. Broadmoor Asylum and is patients 【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。文章一开始主要介绍由来自英国、美国和英国殖民地的志愿者参加牛津字典的编写工作，后半部分主要写编者Minor对字典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。三、(2012课标卷)C About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our "act" would last

21、only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director s

22、houted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and

23、soon the trees were covered in "snow". Two more fans were turned on, and a "strong wind" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.The next scene was a complete contrast (对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures taken on an island

24、in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen (幕). An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!Since it was our turn

25、next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film "stars"!65. What made the author feel cold?A. The heavy snowfall.B. The man-made scene.C. The low temperature.D. The film being show

26、n.66. What would happen in the "three minutes" mentioned in the last paragraph?A. A new scene would be filmed.B. More stars would act in the film.C. The author would leave the studio.D. The next scene would be prepared.【答案】A【解析】推理判断。最后一句话的意思是：在我们的人生中那十足的三分钟里我们将经历成为电影“明星”的激动人心的过程。根据这句话我们可以推

27、断接下来要拍摄的是新的场景。四、(2012北京卷)BPeanuts to ThisProudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hopin

28、g to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea

29、 of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other le

30、d some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice：flip (掷) a coin. Headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George W

31、ashington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the A

32、merican Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not j

33、ustified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I sm

34、iled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!61. Why was the author confused about the task?A. He was unfamiliar with American history.B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C.

35、 He forgot his teachers instruction.D. He was new at the school.62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _.A. annoyed B. ashamedC. ready D. eager【答案】D【解析】词义猜测。文中第一和第三自然段在时空上处于一个场景之中，“我”自豪地读完文章，却受到同学们的嘲笑，必然是应该“急切的”（eager）想知道自己哪儿做错了。下一句话"终于真相大白"（It all became clear）也是对本题的一

36、个印证。63. In the end, the author turned things around _.A. by redoing his taskB. through his own effortsC. with the help of his grandfatherD. under the guidance of his headmaster五、(2012天津卷)BBarditch High School decided to an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of th

37、e old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fifty years, was wheeled to the Park.Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声)when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many s

38、tarted looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.Then Ms. Yates started to speak:“I cant tell you how pleased

39、I am to be here. I havent seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I havent appeared in person, I have attended your college gr

40、aduations, weddings and even the birth your children, in my imagination.”Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued:“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I

41、can see that you have all been successful in you chosen path.”“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”There wa

42、s a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. Tee clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English

43、teacher from their hometown.42. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates speech.B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates ways of teaching.C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.【答案】B【解析】推

44、理判断。根据第二段描述在Ms. Yates要开始讲话时学生们的表现可知，学生们对老师过去对他们的种种教学方式是有些反感的。43. We can learn from Ms. Yates speech that she _.A. kept track of her students progressB. gave her students advice on their careersC. attended her students college graduations D. went to her students wedding ceremonies44. What was Ms.Yate

45、s belief in teaching teenagers?A. Teachers knowledge is the key to students achievements.B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.C. Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed.D. Students respect is the best reward for teachers.【答案】C【解析】细节理解。根据“It was my belief that if I pushed y

46、ou as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me.”可知答案。45. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?A. Reliable and devoted. B. Tough and generous. C. Proud but patient. D. Strict but caring.【答案】D【解析】推理判断。Ms. Yates虽然对学生们很严格但是很关心自己的学生。六、(201

47、2上海卷)(A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised £70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second rea

48、son for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 ho

49、urs in the saddle（车座） and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medic

50、ine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road. The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were

51、other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000 kilometers he battled against the

52、 wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean?A. Very slow but exciting. B. V

53、ery long and difficult.C. Very smooth but tiring. D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _ .A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who t

54、ravelled with him【答案】C【解析】归纳推理。解本题的关键是对“headwind（逆风）”以及对C选项中的“against the wind（顶着风）” 的正确理解。解本题还可以用排除法来解。根据“he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had.”可知没有跟劫匪战斗，排除A选项。根据“temperatures of up to 45 degrees”可知只是很热，没有提到很冷，故排除B选项。根据“Amazingly, he did a

55、ll of this with absolutely no support team”可知没有支持的团队，所以排除D选项。七、(2012重庆卷)AOne of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装).On September 11th. 1958. Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying. &

56、quot;I promised you a gift, and here it is. " What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories. 1 told it over and over how much I loved it!One morning, however, I found its bed

57、 empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as "hopeless", "pitiful", and "dying", which sounded ominous.Christmas was

58、coming. "Dont expect any presents this year." Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. "If your baby brother lives, that'll be Christmas enough. " As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I'd never seen him cry before.The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it. From my bedroom I heard him say. "