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1、高中名词练习题及答案详解一、单项选择名词1 After the earthquake, the first thing the government did was to provide for thehomeless families.A accommodationB resourcesC furnitureD recreation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:地震后,政府做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。A.accommodation 住处; B. resources资源;物力;C. furniture 家具; D. recreation 反应。根据句意故选A。2

2、She is in a poor of health, which worries her mother much.A state B situationC position D condition【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. state 状态; B. situation 形势; C. position 位置; D. condition 情况。句意:她身体不好,这让她妈妈很担心。in state of表示“处于一种 的状态 ”,故 A 项正确。3 Violent programs on television may have a bad on children.A inju

3、ry B pressureC impression D influence【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. injury 伤害;B. pressure压力;C. impression 印象;D. influence 影响。句意:电视上的暴力节目可能对孩子有不良影响。固定词组:have an effect/ influenceon“对 有影响 ”。故选D。4 Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect the extraordinaryfrom them tohelp rebuild the economy.A categor

4、y B commitment C component D competence【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. category 种类; B. commitment 承诺,保证;C. component 成分,组件;D. competence 能力,胜任。句意:现在银行已经恢复了元气,我们希望他们能做出非凡的承诺,帮助重建经济。结合句意可知答案为B。5 How shall I take the medicine?You can follow the on the bottle.A vocabulary B speech C lessons D directions【答案】D【解析】【详

5、解】考查名词辨析。句意: 这药怎么吃? 你可以按照瓶子上的说明书去吃。A.vocabulary 词汇; B. speech 演讲; C. lessons课程;D. directions 说明书,根据题意,故选D。6 William , grandson of the Queen , said he would not expect or accept specialwhenhe was considering joining the army A treatmentB achievementC statementD requirement【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:威廉王子,

6、英国女王的孙子,说当他考虑参军的时候,他不会期待或者接受特别的对待。treatment 治疗、对待,这里指跟其他士兵不同的对待;achievement 成就; statement 声明、陈述;requirement 要求、需要,根据句意,故选A。7 On how to improve our spoken English, Mr. Smith has given us .A many good advicesB a number of adviceC much adviceD some advices【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查不可数名词的用法。句意:关于如何提高我们的英语口语,史密斯先生给

7、了我们很多建议。 advice 为不可数名词,需要使用much 或者 a lot of 来修饰;A项中 many 修饰可数名词; B 项 a number of 修饰可数名词复数;D 项 advices 错误,故选C。8 To be honest, she had a great for the small town where she grew up.A effectB effortC affectionD patience【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:说实话,她对她长大的那个小镇有很深的感情。A. effect 影响; B. effort 努力; C. affectio

8、n 深情; D. patience 耐心。短语have a great affection for sth.意为 “对某物钟爱,对某物有深挚的感情”。故选C。9 The organization was founded for the of poor children.A benefitB interestC advantageD value【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个组织是为了贫困儿童的利益而建立的。A. benefit 好处;利益; B. interest 兴趣;爱好;C. advantage优势;D. value价值。根据句意故选A。10 That party

9、has been in for many years and it has showed its in dealingwith many important problems.Apower; energyBpower; strengthsCforce;energyDforce;strengths【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:那个政党已经执政很多年了,并且在处理许多重要问题上显现出了它的优势。in power 意为 “执政、当权”,故排除C.D。 energy 意为 “能量 ”, strengths 意为“优势 ”。根据翻译可知B 项正确。11 There i samong Ch

10、inese people that no country or individual can can protect itselfwithout intellectual property (知识产权)protection Liu Xin said.A commitmentB criterionC consensusD competence【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:刘鑫说,在中国人群中由这样一种共识,没有知识产权保护法的话,任何国家和个人都不能保护自己。A.commitment 承诺、许诺,(因工作而)献身、奉献 B. criterion (判断的)标准、准则、原则;C

11、.consensus 一致意见、共识;D.competence 能力、胜任、本领。根据句意判断,故选C。12 Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.A recipeB recordC rangeD reflection【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意: 能告诉我你幸福长寿的秘诀吗? 一定每天都过得充实。 A. recipe 秘诀;食谱;B. record 记录; C. range范围; D. reflection 反射;沉思。根据句

12、意故选A。13 He made an to me for losing my book.A apologyB ambitionC appearanceD alarm【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他为弄丢了我的书而向我道歉。A. apology 道歉; B. ambition 抱负; C. appearance 出现; D. alarm 警报。根据“ for losing my book可知,此处表示”“向我道歉 ”,故 A 项正确。14 On November 11, Alibaba sold more than 210 billion yuan goods on its

13、ecommerce platforms T and TMall, making headlines all over the world.A sum of B value forC worth of D profit for【答案】C【解析】【详解】考名词短语辨析。A. sum of 的总和;B. value for 物有所值(多形容质量);C. worth of值 的价值(多用于实际价值);D. profit for 利润为。句意:11 月 11 日,阿里巴巴在其电子商务平台淘宝和天猫上销售了价值2100 多亿元的商品,成为全世界的头条新闻。15 The past 40 years have

14、 witnessed different means of from bicycle kingdom to automarket.A transportB challengeC expressionD communication【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:过去的四十年见证了从自行车王国到电动汽车市场的不同形式的交通工具。A. transport 交通工具;B. challenge 挑战; C. expression 表达,表情;D.communication 交流。由于自行车和电动汽车都属于交通工具,所以这句话描写的是不同的交通工具。故选A。16 He graduated f

15、rom a medical research five years ago and has been working as adoctor since then.A data B attendanceC context D institute【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:他五年前从一所医学研究所毕业,从那时起就一直当医生。A. data数据; B. attendance 出席; C. context 上下文;D. institute 学院,根据题意,故选D。17 (天津)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a sli

16、ght of rain later tonight.A effectB senseC changeD chance【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:天气预报说今天今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能性。故选D。考点:考查名词辨析。18 Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with theirto push theboundaries of human achievement.A intelligenceB influencesC impressionD attempts【答案】D【解析

17、】【详解】考查名词。句意:奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限,为全世界人民带来了欢乐。A.intelligence 智力,理解力;B. influences 影响; C. impression 印象,效果;D. attempts 企图,试图。结合句意可知D 项符合语境。19 We felt it would be a good experience for our children to grow up seeing other cultures and learning to love others as a(n) .A companyB reminderC equalD hero【答案】C【

18、解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们认为,让孩子在成长的过程中接触到其他文化并学会平等地爱别人是很好的体验。A. company 公司; B. reminder 提醒; C. equal 同等的人,相等物; D. hero 英雄。 as an equal 相当于equally,修饰love others ,意为 “平等地爱别人”,故选C。20 If you have a good of English, it is easier for you to find a job there.A controlB commandC conquerD request【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名

19、词词义辨析。句意:如果你英语说得很好,那么在那儿找工作就更容易了。A.control 控制; B. command 掌握; C. conquer 征服; D. request 请求。 have a good command of 是固定搭配,意为“能驾御 ,很会 ” , have a good command of English,意为 “能自由地使用英语”,符合句意,故选B。21 Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up itsby constantlyproviding high-quality p

20、roducts at a relatively low price.A reputationB campaignC appetiteD occupation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:老干妈是中国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A. reputation 名誉; B. campaign 运动; C. appetite 胃口; D. occupation 职业,占有。由“ by constantly providing high-quality products at a relativelylow price 可知, ” rep

21、utation 名誉 “ ”符合句意。故选A。22 Children should not see the films full of violent ( 暴力的 ) .A sightsB viewsC signsD scenes【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:孩子们不应该看充满暴力的电影场景。A. sights 景象; B. views 风景;看法;C. signs迹象; D. scenes场面;(戏剧的)一场。根据上文“ the films full ofviolent 可推断,此处指 ”“电影中的场景”。故选D。【点睛】scene, view, sight, sign 的区

22、别。1. sight 则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观,又可以指名胜、风景,但表示后者的含义时,习惯上要用复数。如:The sight was quite amusing. 这景象使人感到有趣。We saw the sights of Hong Kong by bus. 我们乘公共汽车观看香港的风景。Mary walked round the town, looking at the sights. 玛丽在城里到处转,逛各处景点。2. view 主要指从某处看到的东西或景象,有时也指“风景 ”,尤指自然美景(fine naturalscenery)。如:From the window there

23、 was a clear view of the mountains. 从窗户往外看是一览无余的群山。The view makes this a good location for a house. 景观使得此处成为建房的好地点。The view was wonderful. If I d a camde hraa, I would have taken some photo graphs. 风景好极 了,要是我带有照相机,我就照几张像了。3. scene 多指某一特定或具体场面所表示的“景色 ”、 “场景 ”等,可以是室内的也可以是室外的、可以是城市的也可以是乡村的、可以是活动的也可以是静态

24、的等。如:There are some pretty scenes in the park. 公园里有几处美丽的景色。As he entered the room, he was confronted by a scene of disorder. 他进入房间,面对的是一幅 乱糟糟的场面。4. sign 是符号,手势,迹象,指示牌的意思。Headaches may be a sign of stress.头痛可能是紧张的迹象。The sign on the wall said Now wash your hands .墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手 ”。23 Have all the VIPs go

25、ne on yet? The flight is taking off soon.A footB boardC dutyD sale【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的VIP都已经登记了吗?飞机马上要起飞了。A. foot 脚;B . board 木板; C. duty 义务; D. sale销售。通过后句语境可知飞机马上要起飞了,因此前句使用 on board “登机 ”切题。故选B 项。24 Anyone who is in of weapons without permission is considered law- breaking.A commandB cont

26、rolC chargeD possession【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意:没有许可证而拥有武器的人被认为违法。A. command 命令; B. control 控制; C. charge负责; D. possession拥有。根据句意可知,此处固定短语inpossession of 拥有 “ ”符合语境。故选D。25 If you want to get a good , you d better stanodf tohne thiell .topA sightB sceneC lookD view【答案】D【解析】A. sight 景象; B.【详解】 考查名词

27、辨析。句意:如果你想有一个好的视野,你最好站在山顶上。scene场面; C. look样子;D. view视野。习惯用法:get/have a good view “有好的视野或视角 ”。故选D。26 If you feel anyin your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping.A tensionB abortionC submissionD dimension【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果你感到颈部肌肉紧张,睡觉时放一个毛巾在头下垫着。A.tension 紧张 (在句中表示颈部肌肉紧张); B. abortion 堕胎; C. submission 屈服、提交;D.dimension 方面、维度。结合句意可知,此处用“颈部肌肉紧张”符合语境,故选A项。27 Tony had prepared carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it on his first .A intentionB attemptC purposeD desire【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:托尼为英语考试做了认真的准备,这样他第一次就能通过考试。A.i

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