【KS5U解析】北京市顺义区牛栏山一中2020届高三高考适应性考试英语试题 Word版含解析

1、2020年高考适应性考试英语试题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）a阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。in the usa the high school graduation ceremony is of great _1_ (important). 12th grade students, or seniors, who are about 17 or 18 years old, look forward to _2_ (attend)

2、this event. the graduation ceremony itself takes place at the end of may or beginning of june, which usually _3_ (include) music, awards, and a guest speaker.【答案】1. importance 2. attending 3. includes【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国高中的毕业典礼。【1题详解】考查名词。分析句子可知，此处应填名词作为介词of的宾语，be of great importance“很重要”，故填importa

3、nce。【2题详解】考查动名词。分析句子可知，此处应填attend的动名词形式作为介词to的宾语，故填attending。【3题详解】考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，本篇讲述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语which指代上文的graduation ceremony“毕业典礼”，是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现形式，故填includes。b阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。music can be just what you need _4_ youre feeling down. t

4、he right song can make you smile and feel like getting up and dancing. it can also calm you down when youre worried. besides changing _5_ you feel, music may help your brain work better. why does music have these powers? it may be because peoples bodies have _6_ (nature) rhythms, such as a heartbeat

5、 and pulse.【答案】4. when 5. how 6. natural【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了音乐的好处。【4题详解】考查状语从句连词。本句意为“当你情绪低落时，音乐可以成为你所需要的。”，此句是由连词when引导的时间状语从句，表“当时候”。故填when。【5题详解】考查宾语从句连接词。本句意为“除了改变你如何去感受外”，change后接宾语从句，从句缺乏方式状语，应用引导词how表“如何/怎样”。故填how。【6题详解】考查形容词。本句意为“这可能是因为人的身体有自然的节律，比如心跳和脉搏。”，名词rhythms要形容词修饰，此空用形容词natural。故填natura

6、l。c阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。i dont like the freezing northeast winter. so when i had the chance to spend a weekend in sarasota, florida, i had my bags _7_ (pack) in no time. i _8_ (leave) for the land of warmth, _9_ (think) of beaches and orange trees. swimming

7、 pools and pink sunsets filled the weekend. but the best part was a 7:00 am visit to the farmers market there, _10_ proved to be worth the early wake-up call.【答案】7. packed 8. left 9. thinking 10. which【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去弗罗里达州的萨拉塔索度周末的故事。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语bags和pack之间是被动关系，应用过去分

8、词，故填packed。8题详解】考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，根据上文的had判断为一般过去时，故填left。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语i和think之间是是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填thinking。【10题详解】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。o

9、seola mccartylate one sunday afternoon in september 1999, oseola mccarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. it may seem like an ordinary _11_ to an ordinary life, but there was something quite _12_ about this woman.

10、in the summer of 1995, mccarty gave$150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the university of southey mississippi in her hometown. the _13_ was to help other african americans _14_ university.she had _15_ school in the sixth grade to go to work, never married, never had chil

11、dren and never learned to drive because there was never any place in _16_she wanted to go. all she ever had was the work which she saw as a _17_. too many other black people in the countryside of mississippi did not have even that. she had started her savings habit as a young child when she would re

12、turn from school to clean and iron _18_ money which she would then save.when she retired, she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited means the _19_ to go to university. she had wanted to become a nurse, but had to leave school to look afire sick relatives and work. when

13、 asked why she had given her life _20_ away, she replied, im giving it away so that children wont have to work so hard, like l did. after news of her donation _21_ the media, over 600 donations were _22_ to the scholarship fund. one was given by a media senior manager, ted turner, who gave a billion

14、 dollars.she didnt want any fuss made over her _23_, but the news _24_ and she was invited all over the united states to talk to people. _25_ she went, people would come up to her to say a few words or to _26_ touch her. she met the ordinary and the _27_, president clinton included. in the last few

15、years of her life, before she died of cancer, mccarty was given over 300 awards. she was honored by the united nations and _28_ the presidential citizens medal. _29_ having no real education, she found herself with two honorary doctorates: one from the university of southern mississippi and the othe

16、r from harvard university. her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true _30_ does exist.11. a. startb. callc. endd. show12. a. abnormalb. complicatedc. commond. exceptional13. a. timeb. casec. ruled. money14. a. withb. throughc. outd. along15. a. quitb. neededc. openedd. fin

17、ished16. a. generalb. publicc. particulard. advance17. a. blessingb. praisec. pleasured. training18. a. aboutb. withc. throughd. for19. a. abilityb. spacec. opportunityd. time20. a. happinessb. savingsc. timed. experience21. a. endedb. brokec. controlledd. hit22. a. tookb. hadc. maded. put23. a. gif

18、tb. dreamc. deathd. life24. a. gave offb. got outc. came aboutd. put away25. a. whereverb. whoeverc. wheneverd. whatever26. a. oftenb. justc. onlyd. almost27. a. youngb. elderlyc. famousd. poor28. a. gaveb. exhibitedc. refusedd. received29. a. despiteb. exceptc. besidesd. beyond30. a. wealthb. selfl

19、essnessc. carefulnessd. affection【答案】11. c 12. d 13. d 14. b 15. a 16. c 17. a 18. d 19. c 20. b 21. d 22. c 23. a 24. b 25. a 26. b 27. c 28. d 29. a 30. b【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位名叫oseola mccarty的清洁工在1999年9月去世。她生前将自己的大部分积蓄都捐赠给社会，带动越来越多的人捐赠，证明了世间确实存在无私的精神。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这看起来好像就是一个普通人生命的终结，但事实上这个老人是个例外

20、。a. start开始；b. call电话；c. end结束；d. show表演。根据上文的oseola mccarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house可知这位老人去世了，即生命结束了，故选c项。【12题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这看起来好像就是一个普通人生命的终结，但事实上这个老人是个例外。a. abnormal不正常的；b. complicated复杂的；c. common常见的；d. exceptional例外的。根据上文的it may seem like an ordin

21、ary可知此处用“例外的”符合语境，ordinary和exceptional是反义词复现，故选d项。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些钱是用来帮助非裔美国人读完大学用的。a. time时间；b. case案件；c. rule规则；d. money钱。根据上文的in the summer of 1995, mccarty gave$150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the university of southey mississippi in her hometown.可知此处用“钱”符合语

22、境，故选d项。【14题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些钱是用来帮助非裔美国人读完大学用的。a. with和；b. through通过；c. out出去；d. along沿着。根据下文的university.可知此处用“通过”符合语境，through university“读完大学”，故选b项。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在六年级时她不得不放弃读书去工作，一生未嫁，没有孩子，也没有学过开车，因为她没有特别想去的地方。a. quit放弃；b. needed需要；c. opened打开；d. finished完成。根据下文的to go to work可知此处用“放弃”符合语境，故选a项。

23、【16题详解】考查名词词义/介词短语词义辨析。句意：在六年级时她不得不放弃读书去工作，一生未嫁，没有孩子，也没有学过开车，因为她没有特别想去的地方。a.(in) general大体上；b. (in)public在公开场合；c. (in)particular特别；d. (in)advance提前。根据never learned to drive可知，她没有特别想去的地方，此处考查固定短语in particular“特别”，故选c项。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她曾经所拥有的全部就是被她看作恩赐的那份工作。a. blessing恩赐；b. praise表扬；c. pleasure乐趣；d

24、. training训练。根据下文的too many other black people in the countryside of mississippi did not have even that.可知很多非裔美国人都没有工作，由此推测她把工作看作上帝的恩赐，故选a项。【18题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：她从小就有存钱的习惯，她会把放学后自己打扫和帮人熨烫挣的钱存起来。a. about关于；b. with和，有，随着；c. through穿过；d. for为了。根据句意可知，她去打扫和熨烫是为了挣钱，for money “为了钱”，故选d项。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：退休

25、后，她决定把自己存的钱捐给他们，给经济困难的孩子一个上大学的机会。a. ability能力；b. space空间；c. opportunity机会；d. time时间。结合上下文可知，此处是指她所捐赠的钱让一些经济能力有限的孩子可以上大学，即给他们提供了上大学的机会，故选c项。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为何要捐赠自己一生的积蓄时，她回答：“我捐了钱，那些孩子就不用向我那样艰辛地工作。” a. happiness幸福；b. savings积蓄；c. time时间；d. experience经历。根据据上文的in the summer of 1995, mccarty gave

26、$150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life可知此处用“积蓄”符合语境，且上文的she had started her savings habit也有暗示，故选b项。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她的捐赠事迹被媒体曝光后，超过600名捐赠者为奖学金基金捐赠。a. ended结束；b. broke打破；c. controlled控制；d. hit(网站的) 点击 。根据下文的over 600 donations were _12_ to the scholarship fund.可知，此处用hit the m

27、edia表达老人捐款的实际成了媒体上的热门话题，并且带动了其他人的捐款行为，故选d项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她的捐赠事迹被媒体曝光后，超过600名捐赠者为奖学金基金捐赠。a. took拿；b. had有；c. made制作，使；d. put放。根据 one was given by a media senior manager, ted turner, who gave a billion dollars可知，此处考查固定短语make donations to“向捐赠”，故选c项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不想因为自己的捐赠受到关注，但是新闻传了出去，她被邀请到

28、美国的各个地方去演讲。a. gift捐赠；b. dream梦想；c. death死亡；d. life生活。根据上文的after news of her donation可知此处用“捐赠”符合语境，donation和gift是同义词复现，故选a项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不想因为自己的捐赠受到关注，但是新闻传了出去，她被邀请到美国的各个地方去演讲。a. gave off散发；b. got out传出；c. came about产生；d. put away放在一边。根据下文的she was invited all over the united states to talk to

29、people可知她的捐款事迹被传了出去，故选b项。【25题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：无论去哪里，人们都会走上前来和她交谈几句，或者仅仅和她近距离的接触一下也好。a. wherever无论哪里；b. whoever无论谁；c. whenever无论何时；d. whatever无论什么。根据上文的she was invited all over the united states to talk to people.和下文的she went可知此处用“无论哪里”符合语境，故选a项。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论去哪里，人们都会走上前来和她交谈几句，或者仅仅和她近距离的接触一下也好。

30、a. often常常；b. just仅仅；c. only只是；d. almost几乎。根据上文的_15_ she went, people would come up to her to say a few words可知她现在很出名，故此处用“仅仅”符合语境，可以表达她的受欢迎程度，故选b项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她见过普通人，也见过有名的人，克林顿总统包括在内。a. young年轻的；b. elderly年老的；c. famous有名的；d. poor穷的。根据下文的president clinton included.可知此处用“有名的”符合语境，故选c项。【28题详解

31、】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她受到联合国的表彰，并获得了总统公民勋章。a. gave给；b. exhibited展览；c. refused拒绝；d. received获得。根据上文的she was honored by the united nations可知，此处用“获得”符合语境，故选d项。【29题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管没有接受过真正的教育，但她获得了两个荣誉博士称号：一个是美国密西西比南部大学，另一个是哈佛大学。a. despite尽管；b. except除了；c. besides除外；d. beyond超过。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，故选a项。【30题详解】考查名词词义

32、辨析。句意：她的慷慨很明显对很多人是一个启发，而且也证明了世间确实存在无私。a. wealth财富；b. selflessness无私；c. carefulness仔细；d. affection喜爱。本文主要讲述老人捐款的故事，再结合上文的her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many可知此处用“无私”符合语境，generosity和selflessness是同义词复现，故选b项。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

33、该项涂黑。awhen lina was awoken by the sound of thunder, she was alone on the island. the air was cool and bullfrogs croaked. it was that brief moment when the summer sun had set but the stars hadnt yet appeared. lina rubbed her eyes and looked around.“hello?” she called. “celia? marie”there was no respo

34、nse.the moon was rising now, shedding light on the island. they had always called it “forgotten island” because no one but they seemed to remember its existence. it wasnt on any of the maps they could find, and even the forest rangers didnt know about it. lina loved that the island, hidden in a heav

35、ily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends her, celia, and marie.but now lina was here alone, and it was night. worse still, it was her own fault.“come on, lina, let marie row the boat.” celia had said. marie was two years older than lina, but she was a hopeless rowe

36、r. thats why lina refused and rowed the boat to the island. the argument that followed the refusal took the usual form. celia took maries side, as she always did. lina had exploded and yelled at them to just leave. so they got back in the boat and left.a bolt of lightning crossed the darkened sky, a

37、ccompanied by a deafening thunder clap. the storm was here. as the first cold raindrop slid down her neck, linas mind returned to her current problem. she was stuck here by herself. she just hoped she didnt become as forgotten as the island. the thought of it sent a chill (寒意) down her back.suddenly

38、, lina spotted something in the water. it was a boat, and inside it were marie, celia, and maries dad, who was steering through the fast flowing waters. as the boat approached, they saw lina waving and the worried expressions on their faces turned to relief.in her excitement lina jumped into the riv

39、er. only once she was in the icy water did she remember how fast the water was moving. luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulled her out. she smiled weakly at maries dad and, without a word, hugged celia and marie. they didnt seem to mind becoming wet.31. what can be inferred about the

40、island?a. it is very near the ocean.b it is a popular place for boating.c. it is surrounded by thick forest.d. it has never been reached by others.32. why did lina get angry?a. marie would not help row the boat.b. lina was left alone on the island.c. marie didnt know how to row the boat.d. celia sup

41、ported marie in the disagreement.33. what caused lina to feel a chill?a. her shame about the unnecessary argument.b. the first raindrops of the approaching storm.c. the idea that no one would come to save her.d. the drop in temperature as the sun went down.34. who pulled lina out of the water?a. mar

42、ies father.b. lina herself.c marie.d. celia.【答案】31. c 32. d 33. c 34. a【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三个女孩儿一同去一座无人的小岛上，因为让谁划船产生了分歧，其中一个女孩lina生气离开了队友独自留在了岛上。最后被朋友的父亲营救出来的故事。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句lina loved that the island, hidden in a heavily-wooded side stream of the river, was a secret between the three friends

43、her, celia, and marie.可知，丽娜很喜欢这个小岛，它隐藏在河边一条树木繁茂的小溪旁，是她、西莉亚和玛丽这三个朋友之间的秘密。由此可知，小岛是被浓密的森林包围着。故选c。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中的celia took maries side, as she always did. lina had exploded and yelled at them to just leave.可知，西莉亚一如既往地站在玛丽一边。丽娜大发雷霆，对他们大喊大叫，要她们离开。由此可知，在发生争论时，西莉亚一直支持玛丽，这使得丽娜很生气。故选d。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第

44、三段中的she just hoped she didnt become as forgotten as the island. the thought of it sent a chill (寒意) down her back.可知，她只是希望她不会像这个岛一样被遗忘。一想到这，她就不寒而栗。由此可知，丽娜一想到自己可能会像这个岛一样被遗忘，没有人来救她，这不禁使她有了一阵寒意。故选c。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的luckily a strong arm reached into the water and pulled her out. she smiled weakly at

45、 maries dad and, without a word, hugged celia and marie.可知，幸运的是，一只强壮的手臂伸进了水里，把她拉了出来。她对玛丽的父亲微微一笑，一言不发地拥抱了西莉亚和玛丽。由此可知，玛丽的父亲把丽娜从水里拉了上来。故选a。b72 hours in beijingtraveling to china is no longer a luxury for many foreign passport holders. the chinese government has permitted a 72-hour visa-free policy that

46、 offers access to visitors from 53 countries including the us, france and austria. lets start with the capital of china, beijing. heres a pick of the best in beijing!mutianyu great wallyour trip to beijing isnt really complete without seeing one of the “new seven wonders of the world”, the great wal

47、l of china. the mutianyu section of the great wall is by far the most well-preserved of all. taking a one-hour bus ride mutianyu would be your ideal location for a half day of hiking away from the large crowds in the city. also the authorities have allowed tourists to paint graffiti on a specific se

48、ction of the great wall since 2014. the great wall was designated a unesco world heritage site in 1987.798 art zonethis would be on the top of my list! named after the 798 factory that was built in the 1950s. the art zone is home to various galleries, design studios, art exhibition spaces, fashionab

49、le shops and bars. you could easily spend half your day wandering around the complex, feeling the contrast of the present and the past.summer palacelocated in northwestern beijing, the summer palace is by far the citys most well-preserved royal park. with its huge lake and hilltop views, the palace

50、offers you a pastoral escape into the landscape of traditional chinese paintings. the summer palace was added to the unesco world heritage list in 1998.sichuan provincial restaurantwhile in beijing, apart from trying the citys best-known peking duck the sichuan provincial restaurant is one of the pl

51、aces where you can enjoy regional delicious food. it offers one of chinas eight great cuisines, sichuan, which ranges from mapo tofu to spicy chicken.35. which of the following is true about the mutianyu great wall?a. you can paint graffiti anywhere.b. you need a half day to get there.c. it was desi

52、gnated a unesco world heritage site in 2014.d. it is the most well-preserved part of the great wall.36. when was the summer palace added to the unesco world heritage list?a. in1950.b. in 1987.c. in 1998.d. in 2014.37. which place is the authors first choice when visiting beijing?a. mutianyu great wa

53、ll.b. summer palace.c. 798 art zone.d. sichuan provincial restaurant.【答案】35. d 36. c 37. c【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。中国政府允许免签证的外籍游客可以在中国停留72小时。本文重点介绍了如何利用这72小时参观北京不容错过的四个目的地。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据mutianyu great wall中的第二句“the mutianyu section of the great wall is by far the most well-preserved of all.”可知，慕田峪长城是迄今为止保存

54、最完好的长城。故选d。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据summer palace中的最后一句“the summer palace was added to the unesco world heritage list in1998.”可知，颐和园是1998年被列入世界文化遗产名录的。故选c。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据798 art zone中的第一句“this would be on the top of my list!”可知，作者参观北京第一个要去的地方就是798art zone。故选c。【点睛】细节理解题简述 提问文章细节的选择题是阅读理解题中的常见题型，用来考查考生对文章内涵（即事件

55、发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等方面）的理解。如何回答细节理解题？提问文章细节的选择题一般针对文章中某个特定细节或涉及若干细节。一般来说，围绕文章细节的命题大部分题目都可以在原文中找到答案，或者需要稍微变通一下，寻找文中关键词的同义词或释意，这是表层理解。以上三个小题在文中都能直接发现答案，属于直接理解题目，难度低。cwhy do some people live to be older than others? you know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exerci

56、se, etc. but what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）? do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? a new study in the journal of the american geriatrics society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived t

57、o be at least 100.the study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. these findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough