完整版英国文学选读复习资料

1、PartITheMiddleAgeChapter1theAnglo-Saxonperiod（449-1066）1. Beowulf（贝奥武甫）：England'snationalepic.（第一部民族史诗）2. artisticfeature:usingalliterationusingmetaphorandunderstatementChapter3GeoffreyChaucer（ca1343-1400）1 .GeoffreyChaucersthefatherofEnglishpoetryandoneofthemostgreatestnarrative（叙事）poetsofEngla

2、nd.2 .首创双韵体.tonico-syllabicverse.运用Londondialect.3 .writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.4 .代表作：TheCanterburyTales-Inthisbook,Chaucercreatedastrikinglybrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhistimeandhiscountry.InthispoemChaucerrealism,'trenchantironyandfreedomofviewsreachedsuchahighlevelofpowerthatitha

3、dnoequalinalltheEnglishliteratureuptothe16thcentury.ButChaucerwasnotentirelydevoidofmedievalprejudices.乔叟为他那个时代和国家勾勒出一幅生机勃勃而又充满诗情画意的社会百态图。在他的这部现实主义诗歌中，他将自己的讽刺艺术和宽广视野展现的淋漓尽致，使该作品在16世纪前的英国独树一帜。但是没能脱离中世纪的偏见。PartIITheRenaissance（文艺复兴）1 .时期：duringthe16thcentury（1550-1642）2 .国家：GreekandRoman.AlsoEnglandin

4、drama.3 .定义：ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassicalartsandscienceafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.4 .类型：dramaandcanto（诗章）.5 .keywork:humanism-admirehumanbeautyandhumanachievement. ThomasMore-Utopiain1516. FrancisBacon-thegreatEnglishscientistandphilosopher. ChristopherMarlowe-

5、thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdrama EdmundSpenser（埃德蒙斯宾塞）-TheFaerieQueene（仙后）Chapter5W川iamShakespeare（1564-1616）1. Heisthegreatestof_Englishauthors,theworld-eminent'sdramatistpre.2. Oneofthefirstfoundersofrealism.3. Amasterhandatrealisticportrayalofhumancharactersandrelations.4. 四大悲剧：HamletOt

6、helloKingLearTheTragedyofMacbeth.一5. 创作阶段：comedy:1590-1600tragedy:1601-1608tragicomedies:1609-161222年写了37plays,2narrativepoems,154sonnets.6. Hamlet:ItistheprofoundestexpressionofShakespeare'humanismandcriticismofcontemporaryworld.-ThecharacterofHamlet.1.Ahumanist,freefromprejudicesandsuperstitio

7、ns.Lovingtheworldinsteadoftheheaven.2.Treatpeoplewithlove.Disgustedwithuncle'sdrunkenness.Shockedbymother'sshallowness.3.Intellectualgenius.Closeobserver.isaprison"4.ThemelancholyofHamlet-thekeynoteofHamlet'characters.Heistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofasta

8、gerevenger.ContrastisanimportantstructuralprincipleinHamlet.Shakespeare'playsaregenerallywell-organized,withharmonyandorderdisbalancedatthebeginning,socialconflictssharpenedinthemiddleandharmonyandorderrestoredattheend.Themes:Hypocrisy,treacheryoftheroyalcourtandofthesocietyasawhole.Revengetheme

9、（Justicebyviolence）Lackoffaithv.loveThedoomofambitionThetragedyofHamlet:Anindividualv.mightyevilforceofthewholesociety7. ThemerchantofVeniceisnottragedy.8. sonnet18ShallIcomparethee（你）toasummer'sday? 1-4起，5-8承，9-12转，13-14合. simile,rhetoricquestion,alliteration,personification,couplet（对偶）. Themes

10、sageisthatinthisworldnobeauty（inNature）canstayexceptpoetryorart;andyourbeautycanonlylastifIwriteitdowninmypoetry.Alsonoticetheloveplay.Apparentlythepoetisaddressingamanofhisheart,thewooingsoundsmorelikeagameplaythananythingrealandsincere.Thelovehereistooconditionaltobegenuine. Structure:Proposal（lin

11、e1-2）Argument（line3-12）Conclusion（line13-14）Chapter6FrancisBacon-essayist1. Bacon'sworksmaybedividedintothreeclasses.ThemostimportantaretheEssays. thephilosophical-theadvancementoflearning theliterary-essays theprofessionalworks-maximsofthelawandreadingonthestatuteofuses.2. TheessaysofBaconareso

12、highlyesteemed.3. Great"Place"istheBacon'sworldlywisephilosophy.4. OfStudies'mainidea:thetextisthatof1;.652editions.usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.5. writingstyle:brevity,compactness,powerfulness,well-arranged.PartIIITheperiodofRevolut

13、ionandRestoration（资产阶级革命与王政复辟）1.The17thcenturywasoneofthemosttempestuous（动荡）periodsinEngland.2.文学特点：ThePuritanAgewasoneofconfusion,duetobreakingupofoldideas. Intheabsenceofanyfixedstandardofliterarycriticismtherewasnothingtopreventtheexaggerationofthe“metaphysical-_poets（玄学派）。Poetrytooknewandstartli

14、ngform.Afterthatprosebecamesomber（二ttWP）.JohnMiltontheindomitablePuHtanspiritfounditsnoblestexpression.（约翰弥尔顿充分体现了清教徒不屈不挠的精神） Restoration（王政复辟）createdaliteratureofitsown,whichwasoftenwitty（机敏）andclever,butonthewholeimmoral（颓废）andcynical（愤世嫉俗）.Themostpopularworkwascomedywhosechiefaimwastoentertainthe

15、licentiousaristocrats（贵族）.JohnDryden,critic,poetandplaywrightwasthemostdistinguishedliteraryfigureofthattime.Chapter8JohnMiltonand1.ParadiseLostpresentstheauthor'sviewallegoricinanreligiousform（宗教讽喻的形式）,readerswilleasilydiscernitsbasicidea-theexposure（揭露）ofreactionary（_反革命）forcesofhistimeandthep

16、assionateappealforfreedom.2.Itconsiststwelve-books.Itismarkedforits-intricate（结构复杂）andcontradictorycomposition.PartIVTheAgeofEnlightenment（启蒙运动）-prose（散文时代）背景：1.TheRevolutionof1688,markedtheendofthelongstruggleforpoliticalfreedominEngland.Theyhavetwoparties:theliberalWigs（自由派辉格党）andtheconservativeTo

17、ries（保守派托利党）.2 .TheEnlightenmentwasanexpressionofstruggleofthethenprogressiveclassofbourgeoisie（资产阶级）againstfeudalism（封建主义）.Theenlightenersfoughtagainstclassinequality（阶级不平等），stagnation（停滞）,prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.3 .Theenlightenersrepudiate（颠覆）thefalsereligiousdoctrinesabouttheviciou

18、sness（牙口恶）ofhumannature,andprovethatmanisbornkindandhonest,andifhebecomesdepraved（腐败）,itisonlyduetotheinfluenceofcorruptedsocialenvironment.流派：thereignofso-calledClassicism（古典主义）、therevivalofromanticpoetry（新兴的浪漫主义诗歌卜thebeginningsofthemodernnovel（刚启萌的现代派小说）.主要人物：AlexanderPope,hiscontributiontothetheo

19、ryandpracticeofprosody:elaboratedcertainregulationsforthestyleofpoeticalworks（精心设计诗歌格式）andmade_popularthe_heroic.couplets_（'英雄双韵体诗歌_）-万ve_foot_iambics_rhymed_in_couplets（五步抑扬.格对偶句） DanielDefoe-RobinsonCrusoe（1719）,itwasoneoftheforerunnersoftheEnglishrealisticnovel. HenryFieldingandTobiasGeorgeSm

20、ollettherealfoundersofthegenreofthebourgeoisrealisticnovel. SamuelRichardson-Pamela-Themethodofpsychologicalanalysis（心理分析的方法） JonathanSwiftthemostoutstandingpersonalityoftheepochofEnlightenmentinEngland.Heruthlesslyexposedthedirtymercenaryessenceofbourgeoisrelationships. Themiddleofthe18thcenturyinE

21、nglandcameanewliterarycurrent-sentimentalism Thelatterhalfofthe18thcenturywastheso-calledpre-romanticism（前浪漫主义）.IthadareactionagainsttheEnlightenment,mostlyin“Gothicnovel（哥特”式小说） ThemysteriouselementplaysanenormousroleintheGothicnovel,itissorepletewithbloodcurdlingscenesandunnaturalfeelingsthatitisj

22、ustlycalledanovelofhorrors”.Chapter10DanielDefoe1 Heiso什engiventhecreditforthediscoveryofthemodernnovel（开仓U了现代派小说的先河）2 .RobinsonCrusoe-headthelistofmodernfiction-anadventurestory.3 .60岁因鲁滨逊漂流记走红。4.works:CaptainSingleton,DuncanCampbell,MemoirsofaCavalier-1720 ColonelJack,MollFlanders,AJournalofthePla

23、gueYear（amazingrealistic）-1722 ThePoliticalHistoryoftheDevil-1726Chapter11JonathanSwift1. thetaleofatub（木桶的故事）andGulliver'sTravels（格列弗游记）-thegreatestsatiresintheEnglishlanguage.2. thetaleofatub-asatireonthevariouschurchesoftheday.1704publishedwithTheBattleoftheBooks（书战）。3. Gulliver'Travels-c

24、omprisetheextraordinaryadventuresofDoctorGulliver.Alsohasfantasticlandsvisitedbyhim,theirsocialsystems,waysandcustomsoftheirinhabitants.4. Thefeaturesofthisbook:novisiblesignofanger,norraisingthevoice;thetoneiscold,restrained,ironic,variedonlybysomeflashesoffoolingwhenSwift'ssenseoftheridiculour

25、gthebetterofhim.（怒不动颜，骂不扬声，语调冷酷，锋芒暗藏，讽刺辛辣，仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态.）5. AModestProposal-ismadetoEnglishgovernmenttorelievethepovertyofIrishpeople.Thebitterironyofthepamphletexpressesswift'greatssympathyfortheoppressedandhungrypeasantsofIrelandandhisangeratEnglishlandlord（地主）（强烈谴责了英国对爱尔兰人民的剥削和压迫.）书p189C

26、hapter13HenryFielding1. HeiscalledFather“ofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comic散epic文体in”（prose史诗）,andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.2. JonathanWild（1743）-thestoryofaroguewhichsuggestedDefoe'snarrativeTheHistoryofTomJonesaFounding（1749）-hisbestworkAmelia（1751）-astoryofagoo

27、dwifeincontrastwithanunworthyhusband.PartVTheRomanticPeriodWiththepublicationofWilliamWordsworthLyrical'sBallads（抒情歌谣集）（1798）incollaborationwithSamuelTaylorColeridge（S柯T勒律治）.RomanticismbegantobloomandfoundafirmplaceinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.ItwasgreatlyinfluencedbytheIndustrialRevolution（工

28、业革命）andtheFrenchRevolution（法国大革命）ItwasamidthesesocialconflictsthatRomanticismaroseasamainliterarytrend,whichprevailedinEnglandfrom1798to1832.ItbeganwiththepublicationofLyricalBalladsandendedwithWalterScott'death（1832）s.（浪漫主义作为一股新的主流文学潮流兴起，并在1798-1832年间进入兴盛时期。1798年华兹华斯的抒情歌谣集的出版标志着浪漫主义文学的开始，1832年沃

29、尔特司各特的去世则标志着浪漫主义文学的中介）Chapter 19 W川iamWordsworthW川iamWordsworth（17701850）威廉华兹华斯1 .hislife:Hislovefornatureisboundless.Tohimnaturemeansmorethanrivers,trees,rocks,mountainsandlakes.Naturehasamoralvalueandhasitsphilosophicalsignificance.Natureisforhimtheembodiment（体现）oftheDivine（神圣的）Spirit.Hebelievesth

30、eGodanduniverseareidentical.2,hiswork:Mostworksareaboutnatureandcountrylife.LinesComposedaFewMilesaboveTinternAbbey延腾寺Itisameditation思考onhismentalgrownup.SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenW/ay她住在，人际罕死的路边:悼亡露西ITravelledamongUnknownMen我在陌生人中孤独旅行IWonderedLonelyasaCloud我好似一朵孤独的流云：it'saboutthebeautyofnature.T

31、hereisvividpictureofthedaffodilshere,mixedwiththepoet'sphilosophicalandsomewhatmystical在西敏寺桥上thoughts.Sonnet:ComposeduponWestminsterBridge,September3,1802Sonnet:London1802伦敦，一八O二年TheSohtaryReaper孤独的割麦女：在抒情中表达了华兹华斯的自然观，具有林秀之气和音韵之美。Chapter 20 GeorgeGordon,LordByronGeorgeGordonByron乔治戈登拜伦爵士（1788-18

32、24）Hisworks:WhenWeTwoParted想从前我们俩分手SheWalksinBeauty她走在美的光彩中SonnetonChillon咏锡雍ChildeHarold'spilgrimage恰尔德哈罗德游记DonJuan唐璜Chapter 21 PercyByssheShelleyPercyByssheShelley（1792-1822）珀西比希雪莱Hewasrebellious（反抗的）fromaveryyoungage.Hewasapersonofextremepersonality.Hewroteabouttheuniverse,lark（宇宙）sky.Hiswork

33、s:Ozymandias奥西曼迪亚斯ASong:"ManofEngland给英”格兰人的歌OdetotheWestWind西风颂IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?（如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗？）甘Thecloud云ToaSky-Lark致云雀Chapter22JohnKeatsJohnKeats约翰济慈（17951821）Hisworks:OnFirstLookingintoChapman'sHomer初读查普曼译荷马诗有感OdetoaNightingale夜莺颂OdeonaGrecianUrn希腊古瓮颂ToAutumn秋颂BrightStar灿烂的星Chapter24JaneAustenJaneAusten（1775-1817）简奥斯丁JaneAustencompletedsixnovel,NorthangerAbbey诺桑觉寺,Senseandsensibility理智和情感，PrideandPrejudice傲慢与偏见，Mans万eldPark（1814）曼斯菲尔德公