汽车专业英语（黄立新）

1、背景知识背景知识 生词生词Unit 12 Brake SystemUnit 12 Brake System译文及评析译文及评析 .背景知识背景知识 为了减少车辆的速度，刹车必须将车辆存储的动能转换成热能。一种制动系统，包括一个能量供给装置、控制装置、发送装置和刹车器。今天，目前使用的制动系统有三种类型：行车制动系统，驻车制动系统和辅助制动系统。行车制动系统和驻车制动系统具有独立的控制和传输设备。行车制动系统是正常的脚操作，而停车制动系统是手工操作的。.生词生词Kinetic adj. 运动的 device n. 设备，设施brake n./v. 制动，制动器 separate adj. 分离的

2、Hydraulic adj. 液压的，液体的 principle n. 原则，规则Frictional adj. 摩擦的 surface n. 表面pedal n. 踏板 unit n. 零件，元件Leak n. 裂缝 frame n. 车架，框架Caliper n. 卡钳 suspension n. 悬架Steering n. 转向 entire adj. 全部的Application n. 适用，应用 trap v. 截流drill v. 钻孔 withdraw v. 取收回；撤退出Employ v. 使用 primary adj. 第一的，首要的Secondary adj. 第二的，其次

3、的 rear adj. 后部的，后面的.译文及评析译文及评析 In order to reduce the speed of the vehicle, the brakes have to convert the kinetic energy stored in the vehicle to heat energy. A braking system consists of an energy-supplying device, a control device, a transmission device and the brake.“In order to”与“consists of”注意

4、短语的翻译。 过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 为了减少车辆的速度，刹车必须将车辆存储的动能转换成热能。一种制动系统，包括一个能量供给装置、控制装置、发送装置和刹车器。.译文及评析译文及评析 Today, there are three types of braking system in use: service braking system, parking braking system and additional retarder braking system. The service brakin

5、g system and the parking braking system have separate control and transmission devices. The service braking system is normally foot-operated, while the parking braking system is hand-operated.过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 今天，目前使用的制动系统有三种类型：行车制动系统，驻车制动系统和辅助制动系统。行车制动系统和驻

6、车制动系统具有独立的控制和传输设备。行车制动系统是正常的脚操作，而停车制动系统是手工操作的。注意专业名词的翻译，避免出笑话。注意专业名词的翻译，避免出笑话。.译文及评析译文及评析 The service braking system is mainly composed of disk brake and drum brake.The disk brake is the best brake we have found so far. Disk brakes, used for many years for front wheel application, are fast replacing

7、 drum brakes on the rear wheels of modern cars. This is generally due to their simpler design, lighter weight, and better braking performance.The main components of a disk brake are the brake pads, disk rotor, piston, and caliper.过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 行车制动系统主要由

8、盘式制动器和鼓式制动器构成。盘式制动器是迄今发明的最好刹车制动器。多年来，由于盘式制动器简单的设计、重量更轻便，并且有更好的制动性能，在汽车前轮应用广泛，如今正迅速取代现代汽车的后轮鼓式制动器。盘式制动器的主要组成部分是摩擦片、制动盘、活塞和制动钳。.译文及评析译文及评析 So if the disk brakes are so great, how come we still have cars with drum brakes? The reason is cost. Drum brakes consist of a backing plate, brake shoes, brake dr

9、um, wheel cylinder, return springs and an automatic or self-adjusting system. “consist of ”“包含、包括”。为方便理解，可译得罗嗦一些。过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 盘式制动器优点很多，但因其成本高，所以鼓式制动器使用仍然广泛。鼓式制动器包括摩擦片、制动蹄、制动鼓、制动轮缸、回位弹簧和自动或自调整系统。.译文及评析译文及评析 The typical brake system is composed of the f

10、ollowing basic components:1. Master cylinder: that is located under the hood, and is directly connected to the brake pedal, converts your foots mechanical pressure into hydraulic pressure.2. Brake lines and brake hoses: they connect the master cylinder to the wheel cylinders located at each wheel.段落

11、句的翻译秉持排列原则。过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 典型的制动系统包含有下列基本组成部分：1.制动轮缸：位于发动机下，并且被直接连接到制动踏板，将制动踏板受到的压力转变为液压。2.制动管路和软管：将主缸与位于每个车轮上的轮缸相连接。.译文及评析译文及评析 3. Brake fluid: that is specially designed to work in extreme conditions and fills the system.4. Shoes and pads: they are push

12、ed by the wheel cylinders to contact the drums or disks thus causing braking force, which makes cars slow down or stop the moving car.slow down : 减速过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 3.制动液：这是专门设计用来在极端条件下工作，并填充该系统。4. 领蹄和从蹄：由制动轮缸驱动制动鼓或制动盘而产生制动力，这使得汽车减速或停车。.译文及评析译文及评析 Basic op

13、erating principle of the hydraulic system:Hydraulic systems are used to actuate the brakes of all small cars. The system transports the power required to force the frictional surfaces of the braking system together from the pedal to the individual brake units at each wheel.为保证通顺性，适当地意译。过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁

14、开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 液压制动系统的基本工作原理：目前大部分小型车都采用液压制动，因为液体是不能被压缩的，能够几乎100%的传递动力，基本原理是驾驶员踩下刹车踏板，向刹车总泵中的刹车油施加压力，液体将压力通过管路传递到每个车轮刹车卡钳的活塞上，活塞驱动刹车卡钳夹紧刹车盘从而产生巨大摩擦力令车辆减速。.译文及评析译文及评析 The master cylinder consists of a fluid reservoir and a double cylinder and piston assembly. Double t

15、ype master cylinders are designed to separate the front and rear braking systems hydraulically in case of leak.过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 制动主缸的作用是将自外界输入的机械能转换成液压能，从而液压能通过管路再输给制动轮缸。制动主缸主要是双腔式，用于单、双回路液压制动系。English中文. Steel lines carry the brake fluid to a point on the

16、 vehicle frame near each of the vehicles wheels. The fluid is then carried to the calipers and wheel cylinders by flexible tubes in order to allow for suspension and steering movements. 过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 制动系统的一般工作原理是，利用与车身制动系统的一般工作原理是，利用与车身( (或车架或车架) )相连的相连

17、的非旋转元件和与车轮非旋转元件和与车轮( (或传动轴或传动轴) )相连的旋转元件之间的相相连的旋转元件之间的相互摩擦来阻止车轮的转动或转动的趋势。互摩擦来阻止车轮的转动或转动的趋势。in order to：为了，目的：为了，目的。 译文及评析译文及评析 .背景知识背景知识 生词生词Unit 13 Vehicle Body译文及评析译文及评析 .背景知识背景知识 汽车车身的驾驶员、乘客以及货物的场所，一般是由车窗、车门、后备箱盖、翼子板以及其他一些部件组成的金属外壳。车身给驾驶员提供良好的操作条件，给乘客提供舒适的乘坐条件，同时车身也是意见精致的艺术品，明晰的雕塑形体、优雅的装饰件和靓丽的色彩是

18、汽车更加潮流，吸引顾客。.生词生词sheet n. 一大片(覆盖物) metal n .金属shell n. 外壳 hook n.勾 trunk n. 后备箱盖 deck n. 一层，层面accessory n.附件 protective adj. 保护性cargo n. 货物 appearance n. 外观，外表Unitize vt.使成为单位一整体 semi-integral adj. 半整体的 resist vt.&vi. 抵抗，对抗 commercial adj. 商业的，商务的 rigidity n.坚硬，刚直 channel n. 通道，渠道，途径 rivet n. 铆钉

19、 establish vt. 建立，成立bend vi. (使)弯曲; 屈身 twist vi. 扭, 搓, 缠绕rubber n.橡胶，橡皮 pan n. 平底锅，盘层timber n.木料 steel n. 钢铁plastic n.塑料 available adj.可用的，有的carbon n.碳 nut n. 螺母，螺帽tensile adj. 可伸展的；可拉长的；可延展的thermoplastic adj.热塑性的 trim n.装饰，装备.译文及评析译文及评析 A vehicle body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a h

20、ook, a trunk deck built into it and accessories. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.Be designed to : 被设计为过了一会，小男孩不哭了

21、，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 汽车车身的驾驶员、乘客以及货物的场所，一般是由车窗、车门、后备箱盖、翼子板以及其他一些部件组成的金属外壳。车身给驾驶员提供良好的操作条件，给乘客提供舒适的乘坐条件，同时车身也是意见精致的艺术品，明晰的雕塑形体、优雅的装饰件和靓丽的色彩是汽车更加潮流，吸引顾客。.译文及评析译文及评析 There are several types of vehicle body in current use: one box, two box， hatch back body or three box，uniti

22、zed body or integral body, semi-integral body, separate frame construction. In this part we will focus on the separate frame and unitized body construction.focus on : : 主要，专注于主要，专注于过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 目前车身可以分为以下几种形式：单厢式、两厢式、舱背式、三厢式，按照车身壳体受力情况，可分为承载式、非承载式和半承载式

23、三种，本章主要介绍承载式和非承载式车身。.译文及评析译文及评析 A separate frame (as shown in Fig. 13-1) must be light yet strong enough to resist various loads and road forces. Commercial vehicles normally use a separate steel frame to provide the rigidity needed to support the various loads. The two long side members of channel

24、section are riveted to a number of cross members to give a low weight frame which offers great resistance to bending and twisting.过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 如图13-1所示，非承载式车身要求车身整体重量轻，制作材料强度大，在实际使用中，往往增加一根单独的钢架，使车身能独立承受各种载荷以及地面压力，这种车身多用于商务车。车架上两个长边部件铆接到多个横梁的以得到低重量框架，正

25、佳车身的抗弯曲、扭转能力。.译文及评析译文及评析 Most cars use a unitized body construction, a combined body and frame, as shown in Fig. 13-2. Unitized body construction is lighter than separate frame construction, but noisier. Rubber mounts are used between the body section and mechanical parts to absorb vibrations. The f

26、loor pan is made of sections that support the rear.than: 比较级的应用过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 如图13-2所示，大多数汽车采用承载式车身，与非承载式车身相比，其重量轻，但是行驶中噪音响，振动大，因此使用橡胶座椅减弱震动，提高乘坐舒适性。.背景知识背景知识 生词生词Unit 14 Automotive Electrical and Electronic System译文及评析译文及评析 .生词生词electrical adj. 与电有关的,用电

27、的 chemical n. 化学的opposite adj. 相反的，对面的 Conductor n.导体induce vt. 引起，导致 wire n. 电线，导线plunger n. 活塞，柱塞 lever n. 操作杆，杠杆leisure n. 悠闲，安逸 audio adj. 声音的, 录音的video adj.电视的；视频的； bluetooth n. 蓝牙 buzz n. 流行，重要 cradle n. 吊架，支架；摇篮；seamless adj. 无(接)缝的；(两部分之间)无空隙的，不停顿的headset n. 耳机或听筒 stereo n.立体声音响speaker n.扬声器

28、 adapter n.适配器speakerphone n. 喇叭，扩音器 trendsetter n. 创新风的人 wireless adj.无线的.译文及评析译文及评析 The purpose of the battery is to store electrical energy. It does this by converting the electrical energy supplied to it into chemical energy so that when an electrical current is required the energy change is rev

29、erse.The purpose of : 目的是过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 在汽车电子电器系统中，蓄电池以充电方式使其内部活性物质再生，将电能转化成化学能，当需要电能时，通过放电将化学能转化为电能。.译文及评析译文及评析 Leadacid batteries are able to supply high surge current, which means that the cells maintain a relatively large power-to-weight ratio. This

30、feature, along with their low cost, makes leadacid batteries attractive for use in motor vehicles. Nickel-hydrogen batteries are also popular with car manufacturers. The specific property of the nickelhydrogen batteries is its long life: the cells handle more than 20,000 charge cycles on 85% efficie

31、ncy.过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，过了一会，小男孩不哭了，睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。用询问的目光看着越南护士。 由于铅酸电池结构元具有相对大的比质量，所以它能够提供高电流，而且其制作成本低，使得铅酸电池是车用做广泛的电池。镍-氢电池在汽车上的使用同样广泛，它使用寿命长，结构元比铅酸电池能多进行2000次充放电循环，效率高达85%。.译文及评析译文及评析 The charging system provides the electrical energy a car needs once its engine starts. The charging system provides electrical power for the ignition system and the cars electrical accessories. In other words, the charging system maintains the batterys state of charge.In other words: 换句话说过了一会，