上海新世纪英语_高一第一学期全部课文

1、上海新世纪英语高一第一学期全部课文1. People from all walks of lifeWhen a person grows up, he will take up different occupations in various work plac es. A society is thus made up of all walks of life. What kind of person do you wan t to be in the future? The following introductions may give you some idea.TEACHER Tea

2、chers are professionals. They work in schools, colleges, universities an d other educational institutions. They try their best to help students gain new knowl edge and become useful people in society. Teachers are involved in many tasks, su ch as explaining lessons, giving homework and correcting pa

3、pers. At the end of eve ry term, they mark test papers and give grades to their students. Actually teachers do more. Often their impact on students stays all through their lives.SURGEON Surgeons, like teachers, are also professionals. As a special group of doct ors, surgeons operate on sick people a

4、nd repair the organs that no longer work pro perly. Hospitals are their work places. After an operation, a surgeon takes care of t he patients medical treatment until he gets well. The skills of a surgeon sometimes mean the differences between life and death.SECRETARY A secretary works in an office.

5、 The job of a secretary often involves wr iting letters, answering telephone calls, and receiving people. A secretary stores info rmation on a computer and puts papers in good order in file cabinets. As a link bet ween the boss and the visitors, a secretary also helps the boss work out plans and tim

6、etables. Traditionally, more girls than boys work as secretaries.FASHION MODEL Fashion models wear the latest styles of clothes and show them t o us through television, newspapers and magazines. Fashion show programmes usua lly have a large audience. The clothes and hairstyles of fashion models may

7、seem s trange to the elderly, but a large number of young people enjoy following trends a nd want to be dressed like the models. They collect fashion pictures and admire th ose superstars of the catwalk.Would you like to be one of the people introduced here? What do you want to do in the future?2. W

8、hat to choose?Today more and more high school graduates go on to college. Most young people decide their courses of study for themselves. They do not wait for their parents to tell them what career to choose.For example, Jacks father practices medicine. Even though he wants his son also t o become a

9、 doctor, he doesnt insist that Jack study medicine when he finishes hi g h school.He believes that Jack must make up his own mind about his courses of study. His wife, on the other hand, disagrees with him. She thinks that Jack should become a doctor, and so he can become a partner with his father.J

10、ack isnt sure what he wants to study in college. One day he feels that hed like t o become an engineer. However, the next day he thinks that perhaps he should st udy business management. Right now he is studying chemistry, biology, and physics. All of them will be useful if he finally chooses to stu

11、dy medicine in college.Jack likes his fathers attitude, and is grateful that his father isnt forcing him to be come a doctor.In some countries parents often decide what careers their children will follow - es pecially their sons. Tchaikovsky(柴可夫斯基,1840-1893,俄国作曲家, the composer of Swan Lake(芭蕾舞剧天鹅湖,

12、was asked to study law. He, however, didnt tak e an interest in it. Tchaikovsky made a great decision on his own. He gave up his government service later and started to study music.Some people think the young are probably going to be successful because they are doing the things they most want to do

13、in life. Many people, however, disagree with them.3. MichelangeloMichelangelo(米开朗琪罗,1475-1564,意大利文艺复兴时期成就卓著的科学家、艺术家 was an Italian artist about 500 years ago. Today he is still remembered as a great sculptor, painter, and architect.Michelangelo came from a poor family. He was trained at an early age

14、 like any oth er craftsman in Italy. At thirteen, he started to work and learn in a workshop. The workshop belonged to one of the leading masters at that time. In the workshop Mi chelangelo was able to learn all the skills of sculpture. However, he wasnt satisfied, and went on to study the work of t

15、he great masters of the past. Michelangelo wo rked hard and he mastered one problem after another. By the time he was 30, he was generally regarded as one of the outstanding sculptors of the age.In 1508, Michelangelo was given a task - to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (位于罗马梵蒂冈的西斯廷教堂. At fi

16、rst, he tried to turn down this job, saying that h e was not really a painter, but a sculptor. Finally, he agreed to do it. He then shut himself up in the chapel, let no one come near him, and got ready to work alone. It took him four years to complete the paintings on the ceiling. Any ordinary pers

17、on would find it hard to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in those four y ears of hard and lonely work. Michelangelo, while working, had to lie on his back a nd paint. As a result, he became so used to looking upward that when he received a letter during that period, he had to hold it over

18、 his head to read it. Finally, the paintings were completed. The great and huge paintings on the ceiling and walls ofthe chapel have ever since become a fascination to people in Italy and all over th e world.Michelangelo left us with a great number of sculptures and paintings. Today his wor ks are s

19、till examples for art students to study and follow. Home and overseas visito rs cant help but admire these masterpieces.4. Jim CorriganJim Corrigan, a well-built man in his late 20s, works in a large hospital. Jim is an X-ray technician. It is his job to develop the many X-ray films that are taken o

20、f pe oples lungs, stomachs and other body parts.Jim works in a darkroom, a room that is specially equipped for developing film. Firs t he removes the film from the lead plates(金属片 that are used to hold it. Then h e feeds the film into a developing machine. It takes about 90 seconds for it to dev elo

21、p. The film is then ready to be examined by a doctor.Jims work is important, and both doctors and patients eagerly, often worriedly, wait for the results of his work. Jim doesnt keep them waiting too long. He is quick a nd orderly at his job. This would not be unusual except for the fact that Jim Co

22、rrig an is blind.“In the beginning it was tricky,” Jim explains, “The film comes in five different sizes. And sometimes I would get them mixed up. But I have never let a mistake get o ut of the darkroom.” After some time, Jim learned to measure the fil m by running his fingers over the edges.“I have

23、 a system,” explains Jim, “so that I can find things easily in the darkroom. I ts a simple system. I just keep my materials in order and put them back in the sa me place after I use them. I dont have to search for anything.”“Jim is quite capable and can be trusted,” says his boss, “I wouldnt have hi

24、m work ing here if he werent. And that brings me to the question of handicapped people. You cant let yourself get upset about them. They want to be treated just like anyb ody else - and they should be. They dont want you to fell sorry for them.”No one has to feel sorry for Jim Corrigan.5. Starting a

25、 conversation with a foreigner in EnglishAs you rode on the bus one day, a foreigner sat down beside you. Finally, here wa s a perfect opportunity for you to practice speaking English with a foreigner, you th ought to yourself. But no words came into your head. You were tongue-tied! After 15 minutes

26、, the foreigner got off the bus and you didnt utter a word! “What a s ha me!” you said to yourself.If you have had such an experience, dont feel bad. Youre not alone. What you ne ed is a lesson in small talk. Here are some tips that will show you how to get star ted.“HELLO” - A STARTER First, exchan

27、ge a “Hello” or “Hi” wi th the foreigner, but at the same time, pay close attention and see if he feels like chatting. Watch his facia l expression and body language for cues. Having said his “Hello” or “Hi” in return, does he just stare out of the window or keep reading the book in his hand? Thats

28、the cue for you to stop moving on. Dont force a conversation on someone who w ants to be left alone.But what if the person stops whatever he is doing and looks back or smiles at you? These are positive cues, indicating you can keep talking and start a conversation!SMALL TALK - THE MAIN COURSE To sta

29、rt a conversation, you should choose a s uitable topic. Then, what are the rules for choosing a suitable topic?Perhaps the most universal topic of any conversation is the weather. Everyone has an opinion to share about the weather! Dont immediately launch into serious topics like politics or religio

30、n. And dont talk about personal matters, either. Stick to famili ar subjects of a casual nature such as movies, music, sports, favourite things, or o nes likes and dislikes.Small talk flows naturally. Raise open-ended questions rather than yes-no questions to keep the conversation going. Try to find

31、 points of connection between you and t he person you are chatting with. Offer short comments on what the other person s ays, and listen attentively when what you say is being commented on. If you get s uch comments as “Thats interesting.”, “I agree.”, or “Me too.” then you know your e on the right

32、track.You can have a lot of fun chatting in English with foreigners. They will, too. Try it! Making small talk can be one of lifes pleasures.6. Never too busy for social mannersSo you forgot to answer that party invitation you received. Now, the day has come and gone, and youre feeling guilty becaus

33、e you never told the host you couldnt a ttend.“Dont allow this oversight(疏忽 to ruin your relationship,” says R. Thomas Boone, a US social psychologist. “I would show up with a bottle of wine and say, I owe (感激,亏欠 you one. Im really sorry,” Boone says.Send an e-mail, make a phone call or reach out to

34、 the host another way. Whatever the method, do it as soon as possible.If guests dont answer the invitations on time, the host cannot possibly plan for the correct amount of food and drink. This may lead to hundreds or even thousands o f dollars of waste.“Everybody has a busy schedule now,” Boone say

35、s. If you know you are forgetful when it comes to making phone calls, try emailing your RSVPs as soon as the invit ation arrives. RSVP is the short form of the French phrase “répondez sil vous plaît”, meaning “Reply, if you please”.The following are some commonly used terms in invitation l

36、etters and their meaning s. Be sure to know these and answer invitations properly.RSVP, REGRETS ONLY Only guests who cant attend n eed reply. You need to give a proper reason why you cant attend.RSVP BY Guests should respond with yes or no by the date indicated on the invit ation. Setting a date giv

37、es guests a deadline. It is also a deadline for the host to c onnect guests who havent reply.RSVP BY E-MAIL Guests can respond by e-mail. Unlike phone calls, e-mails can be sent without regard to time of day or location.7. Holidays and festivals in the United KingdomThere are many national holidays

38、in the United Kingdom. Among them, Easter, and Christmas are two of the most famous.EASTER The date of Easter varies each year. It usually falls in March or April. Duri ng the Easter holiday, people give each other chocolate Easter eggs. The eggs are opened and eaten on Easter Sunday. On Good Friday

39、 (the day before Easter, when Christians observe the day on which Christ died, hot cross buns(复活节前一个星期五吃的十字面包 are sold. They are toasted and eaten with butter. Easter Monday (the day after Easter is a Bank Holiday. On that day, banks and other major busin esses are closed; people may enjoy a trip to

40、 the seaside or watch an exciting sport s game, such as football, or horse-racing.CHRISTMAS For most British families, Christmas is certainly the most important holid ay of the year. Families decorate their houses in bright colours. Usually a Christmas tree is placed in the front room, shining with

41、coloured lights and interesting decora tions.On the morning of Christmas Day (December 25, many people go to church to cel ebrate the birth of Christ(耶稣基督. In the afternoon, they stay at home and open the gifts that were gathered around the tree. Later, they may watch the Queen ap pear on television

42、 to deliver her traditional Christmas message to the whole country. In the evening, the families sit down to a big goose (sometimes turkey dinner. T hey round off the meal with pudding, a Christmas specialty.Many traditions are connected with Christmas. For children, the most important one is that o

43、f receiving gifts. On Christmas Eve (December 24, they usually leave a lo ng stocking hanging by the bed or by the fireplace. They hope that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and bring them small presents. Th ey are usually not disappointed!December 26, Boxing Day, is also

44、 a public holiday. This is the time to visit friends or watch football. Students have several weeks off school for Christmas.8. How do different cultures around the world celebrate the New Year?Get ready to say good-bye to the old, hello to the new! Whats the occasion? The coming of the New Year.Man

45、y Western cultures measure their days with the solar calendar. Therefore, they observe the coming of New Year on January 1. Cultures in Asia and Middle East us e other calendars, such as the more ancient lunar calendar. They celebrate the New Year at other times.Events and ceremonies vary from count

46、ry to country. But in each places, New Year celebrations are a big meal.Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries. The earliest New Year celebrations took place during spring or harvest time. With better weather ahead, or plenty of food to eat in winter, people naturally f

47、elt like having a party!As the days became longer and as nature renewed itself, people also felt like they could have a new start. Past disappointments could be forgotten. The New Year co uld bring better fortune, more opportunities and new challenges. Such universal the mes remain the same today.So

48、me cultures have unusual New Year traditions. Italians throw old things out of th eir windows at midnight, symbolizing the departure of the old. Mexicans fire guns in to the air to keep away misfortunes.New Year celebrations also involve having fun. Some cultures view the New Year as an opportunity

49、to let off fireworks. In New York Citys Times Square, thous ands ga ther on December 31 to count down the last seconds of the year. A giant silver bal l is lowered at the stroke of midnight.London, England, hosts an annual New Years Day parade that draws nearly a millio n spectators. The largest par

50、ade in Europe, it features bands and enormous balloon s. These balloons are so huge that they tower over nearby buildings!How will you celebrate the New Year? Think about the themes you find meaningful during this season. Do you hope for a new start or a chance to turn over a new l eaf? whatever the

51、 case, we wish you well. Happy New Year!9. Mans four-legged friendThe sun was shining and it was warm. Robin, a shepherd, was lying on the grass, enjoying the beautiful sunshine. His guard, a sheepdog, was standing next to him, l ooking at the flock of sheep.This is only a scene in a movie, but it d

52、oes give us a real picture showing mans r elationship with dogs. For a long time in history, dogs were not only being raised t o work as mans guards, but they were also being trained to do many other jobs. Some were made to pull carts; others were bred to smell out enemies or track the scent of big

53、animals. In addition to these hunting and working dogs, other breeds came to be used in sports, police work and as pets as well. In a way dogs have b ecome mans friends and working partners.If you have a dog you love as a pet, you share some of your life with it. The dog lives in your home, keeps yo

54、u company and goes on trips with you. Dogs rely on their excellent sense of smell to tell things apart. This sharp sense helps man and dogs themselves get over a lot of difficulties.A detective once trained a dog-Sauer. In 1925 while he was thinking hard about how to catch a thief. Sauer worked alon

55、e and tracked the thief after covering a dis tance of 160 kilometres. Sauer did this by scent alone. In 1923 a couple lost their dog Bobbie while they were travelling. Six months later Bobbie turned up at the fa mily house. He had covered a distance of some 3,200 kilometres. The dog had trav elled b

56、ack through the Rocky Mountains in the depths of winter.Dogs are indeed mans best friends. Yet sometimes even the friendliest dog can bri ng death with its bite! This is not because it has changed in character, but because it has been infected with a terrible disease-rabies(狂犬病. The disease is passe

57、d on by a bite from an infected dog at any stage. When an infected person shows sy mptoms, death is certain to follow shortly after. So, in order to prevent the disease, a person should go to a doctor at once if he has been bitten by a dog. Dogs rem ain mans best friends, but we should also try our

58、best to guard against the horrible disease that can be carried by these friends.10. Well done, Spotty!We were walking alone when we saw the Wilkins children playing in their yard. Th e three girls were taking turns pushing a cart. Their one-year-old twin brothers and a big doll were in it. Just as w

59、e walked by them, a wheel came off. Freckles, my friend, fixed it for them. Then they all went upstairs to play some games. After a while Mrs Wilkins went out, and left the twins with the girls.Well, it wasnt much fun for me, and soon I went to sleep.I must have slept pretty hard and pretty long. All of a sudden I woke up and coul d hardly breathe. Everybody was gone. The roo