CPA综合英语词汇汇总北注协财管

1、财务管理常用英语词汇1business企业 商业 业务2financial management财务管理3the goal of financial management财务管理的目标4profit maximization (maximize profit) 利润最大化5earnings per share maximization每股盈余最大化6stockholder (share holder) wealth maximization股东财富最大化7stakeholder利益相关者8stock holder/shareholder股东9creditor/bondholder债权人10th

2、e factors that affect the stockholder value股东价值的影响因素11cost of capital资本成本12capital investment资本投资13working capital 营运资本14capital structure 资本结构15bankruptcy risk 破产风险16tax rate 税率17dividend policy股利政策18operating activity 经营活动19investing activity投资活动20financing activity 筹资活动21agency cost 代理成本22agency

3、problem代理问题23moral risk道德风险24adverse selection逆向选择25corporate social responsibility企业社会责任26financial markets金融市场27money markets短期资金市场28capital markets长期资金市场 29spot markets现货市场30future markets期货市场 31public offer markets向公众发行的市场32initial public offering 首次公开发行股票(即IPO）33private placement markets私募市场34c

4、orporate bond market企业债券市场35stock market股票市场36financial future market金融期货市场37financial ratio analysis 财务比率分析38four major categories of financial ratios 四类财务比率39liquidity ratios 短期偿债能力比率40long-term liquidity ratios 长期偿债能力比率41profitability ratios盈利能力比率42operating income经营收益43earnings per share每股收益44wo

5、rking capital营运资本45current ratio流动比率46quick ratio速动比率47cash flow ratio现金流量比率48operating cash flows经营现金流49cash flow from operations经营活动现金流50investing cash flows投资现金流51cash flow from investing 投资活动现金流52cash flows from financing筹资活动现金流53debt ratio资产负债率54debt-to-equity ratio产权比率55equity multiplier权益乘数56

6、debt-to-long capital ratio长期资本负债率57time of interest earned based on earnings (TIE)58earnings-based interest coverage ratio利息保障倍数59cash flow coverage ratio现金流量保障比率60time of interest earned based on cash flows61cash flow-based interest coverage ratio现金流量利息保障倍数62debt-to-cash flow ratio现金流量债务比63accounts

7、 receivable turnover/days sales outstanding (DSO) 应收账款周转率/应收账款周转天数64inventory turnover存货周转率65current assets turnover流动资产周转率66non-current assets turnover/fixed assets turnover非流动资产周转率（固定资产周转率）67total assets turnover总资产周转率68gross profit margin销售毛利率69net profit margin销售利润率70return on assets (ROA) 资产利润率

8、71return on equity (ROE) 权益净利率72Du Pont system杜邦财务分析体系73improved financial analysis system改进的财务分析体系74net operating assets净经营资产75net financial liabilities净金融负债76after-tax operating profit税后经营利润77after-tax interest expense税后利息费用78net financial leverage净财务杠杆79earnings per share每股盈余80sales forecast销售预测8

9、1the percentage of sales method销售百分比法82external financing requirement(EFR) 外部融资额83sensitivity analysis of EFR外部融资需求的敏感分析84internal growth rate内含增长率85sustainable growth rate可持续增长率86effective growth rate实际增长率87overall budget (general budget) 全面预算88sales budget销售预算89production budget生产预算90direct materi

10、al budget直接材料预算91direct labor budget直接人工预算92overhead budget制造费用预算93product cost budget产品成本预算94sales expense and administrative销售费用95general expense budget 管理费用预算96cash budget现金预算97capital expenditure budget资本支出预算98income statement budget利润表预算99balance sheet budget资产负债表预算100flexible budget弹性预算101the

11、valuation of discounted cash flow method 折现现金流量估价法102the time value of money 货币的时间价值103future value and present value 复利终值与现值104ordinary annuity普通年金105annuity due预付年金106deferred annuity递延年金107perpetuity永续年金108bond valuation债券估价109par value (face value, principal) 债券面值110coupon rate票面利率111maturity da

12、te到期日112nominal annual rate名义利率113periodic rate周期利率114effective annual rate实际利率115real discount bond纯贴现债券116zero bond平息债券117perpetual bond永久债券118outstanding bond流通债券119yield to maturity 债券到期收益率120stock valuation 股票估价121ordinary stock普通股122preferred stock优先股123common stockholder 普通股股东124preferred sto

13、ckholder优先股股东125open price开盘价126close price收盘价127high price最高价128low price最低价129zero growth model valuation零增长股票估价130constant growth model valuation 固定增长股票估价131non-constant growth model valuation 非固定增长股票估价132risk and rate of return 风险和报酬133stand-alone risk and rates of return 单项资产的风险和报酬134Relaxed/re

14、stricted/moderate current asset investment policy宽松的/紧缩的/适中的营运资本政策135maturity matching(self-liquidating) /aggressive/conservative current asset financing policy配合型/激进型/稳健型筹资政策136residual income剩余收益137credit terms for borrowing借款的信用条件138line of credit信贷限额139revolving credit agreement周转信贷协议140compensa

15、ting balances补偿性余额141loan mortgage借款抵押142forms of interest payment借款利息的支付方法143distributions to shareholders/dividend distribution利润分配144declaration date股利宣告日145holder-of-record date股权登记日146payment date股利支付日147ex-dividend date除息日148cash dividend现金股利149asset (property)dividend财产股利150liability dividend

16、负债股利151stock dividend股票股利152dividend irrelevance theory股利无关论153dividend relevance theory股利相关论154private corporation私募公司 未上市公司155book-value weight账面价值权数156market value weight市场价值权数157target value weight目标价值权数158business risk经营风险159financial risk财务风险160degree of operational leverage经营杠杆系数161degree of

17、financial leverage财务杠杆系数162total degree of leverage总杠杆系数163debt holder债权人164net profit theory净收益理论165operating profit theory营业收益理论166trade-off theory权衡理论167EPS analysis of financing融资的每股收益分析168optimal capital structure最佳资本结构169firm valuation企业价值评估170integrated value企业的整体价值171economic value企业的经济价值172

18、current market value现时市场价值173fair market value公平市场价值174entity value实体价值175equity value股权价值176going-concern value持续经营价值177liquidation value清算价值178minor equity value少数股权价值179controlling equity value控股权价值180premium of controlling rights控股权溢价181dividend discount model股利折现模型182option-pricing model期权定价模型1

19、83discounted cash flow valuation折现现金流量模型184book value 账面价值185market value市场价值186liquidation value 清算价值187stand-alone risk and rates of return单项资产的风险和报酬188probability概率189expected value 190variance方差191standard deviation标准差192coefficient of variation(CV)变化系数193portfolio risk and return投资组合的风险和报酬194ex

20、pected rate of return预期报酬率195correlation相关性196perfectly positive correlation完全正相关197perfectly negative correlation完全负相关198no correlation不相关199coefficient of correlation相关系数200co-variance协方差201efficient set有效集202capital market line资本市场线203equilibrium均衡点204systematic risk (market risk, non-diversifiab

21、le risk) 系统风险205non systematic risk (company-specific risk, diversifiable risk)非系统风险206capital asset pricing model (CAPM) 资本资产定价模型207security market line证券市场线208opportunity cost of capital资本的机会成本209required rate of return on investment投资的必要报酬率210net present value (NPV) 净现值211profitability index (PI)

22、 现值指数212internal rate of return (IRR) 内含报酬率213payback period (PP) 回收期214accounting rate of return (ARR)会计收益率215cash flows现金流量216cash outflows现金流出量217cash inflows现金流入量218operating cash flows营业现金流量219cash costs付现成本220salvage value残值221relevant cost相关成本222irrelevant cost非相关成本223differential cost差额成本224

23、future cost未来成本225replacement cost重置成本226opportunity cost机会成本227sunk cost沉没成本228historical cost过去成本229book cost账面成本230eplacement decision of fixed asset固定资产更新决策231average annual cost of fixed asset固定资产的平均年成本232adjusted cash flow method调整现金流量法233adjusted discount rate method风险调整折现率法234weighted averag

24、e cost of capital加权平均资本成本235project risk项目风险236project systematic risk项目系统风险237comparable firms可比企业238transaction demand交易性需要239precautionary demand预防性需要240speculative demand投机性需要241the management of cash receipts and expenditures现金收支管理242use cash floats使用现金浮游量243accelerate cash receipts加速收款244defer

25、 the disbursement of payables推迟应付款的支付245optimal cash balance最佳现金持有量246cost analysis model成本分析模式247opportunity cost机会成本248management cost管理成本249stock-out cost短缺成本250inventory model存货模式251transaction cost交易成本252random model随机模式253the management of accounts receivable应收账款管理254credit policy信用政策255credit

26、 term信用期间256credit standard信用标准257cash discount policy现金折扣政策258the ages of accounts receivable应收账款账龄259collection policy收账政策260inventory management存货管理261acquisition cost取得成本262ordering cost订货成本263purchase cost购置成本264storage cost储存成本265fixed cost固定成本266variable cost变动成本267basic economic order quanti

27、ty model (EOQ model) 经济订货量基本模型268extended economic order quantity model经济订货量扩展模型269ordering lead time订货提前期270safety stocks保险储备271reorder points 再订货点272bond ratings债券评级273convertibles可转换证券274convertible bonds可转换债券275conversion price转换价格276conversion ratio转换比率277conversion period 转换期278call provisions

28、赎回条款279non-callable period不可赎回期280callable period赎回期281call price赎回价格282call conditions赎回条件283put provisions回售条款284force conversion provision强制性转换条款285Leases租赁286lease contract租赁合约287lesser出租人288lessee承租人289operating leases经营租赁290financial leases (capital leases) 融资租赁291direct leases直接租赁292leveraged

29、 leases杠杆租赁293sale and lease-back售后租回294the break-even lease income for lesser出租人的损益平衡租金295cancellable leases可撤销租赁296non-cancellable leases不可撤销租赁297off-balance sheet financing表外融资298working capital policies营运资本政策299current asset investment policies营运资本持有政策300current asset financing policies营运资本筹集政策3

30、01distributions to shareholders/dividend distribution利润分配302cash dividend现金股利303asset (property) dividend财产股利304liability dividend负债股利305stock dividend股票股利306residual dividend policy剩余股利政策307constant or continuing growth dividend policy固定或持续增长的股利政策308constant payout ratio dividend policy固定股利支付率政策309

31、target capital structure目标资本结构310stock splits股票分割311cost of capital资本成本312specific cost of capital (respective component cost of capital) 个别资本成本313weighted average cost of capital加权平均资本成本314options期权315option contract期权合约316underlying asset标的资产317maturity date到期日318the exercise of options期权的执行319cal

32、l option看涨期权320put option看跌期权321american option美式期权322european option欧式期权323long position多头324short position空头325in the money实值期权326out of the money虚值期权327at the money 平价期权328principles of valuing options期权估价原理329real options（实物期权）330purchased material外购材料331purchased fuel外购燃料332purchased power外购动力333wages and welfare工资及福利费334depreciation expense折旧费335taxes税金336other expenditures其他支出337manufacturing cost生产经营成本338selling expenses销售费用339general administrative expenses管理费用340inventorial costs计入存货的成本341capitalized costs资本化成本342expensed costs费用化成本343product cost产品成本3