月大学英语四级阅读理解附答案解析

1、2014年6月大学英语四级阅读理解新题型匹配练习题练习1Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section B(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in

2、one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How to Make Peace with Your WorkloadA Swamped (忙碌的),under

3、 the gun, just struggling to stay above water.; whatever office cliche you employ to depict it, we"ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make

4、peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.B Get organized. “Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that youll retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,” sa

5、ys Jeff Davidson who works as a work/life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable.” Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty yea

6、rs of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “ Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can"t locate a document or report easily because its lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,” he says. “Thereby you are

7、 supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.”C Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish D

8、esign Studio which is an advertising consulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,” she suggests. “This will allow you to focus better on the task

9、at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if youre reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,” Carlson says.D Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, its counterprod

10、uctive. Unless youre drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, youre not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once. “If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement,” Rudy says. “Your mind will wander

11、 from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.” Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. “When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one,” he says.E Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock-Br

12、own, a work-at-home single parent, says shes frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all” by setting a time limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits (轻轻地掠过)from thing to thing becaus

13、e I do have so much on my plate,” Brown says. “As a consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When

14、 the time is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I dont end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day.”F Talk to your manager. “Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them (that theyre no long

15、er important). There are usually clear priorities in the managers head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee,” says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Greens suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities

16、, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right

17、things done.” Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and arent just complaining about their workload.G Eliminate time wasters. “If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly

18、,” says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says Youve got an e-mail; and give staff members a set time to visit you.” Justin Gramm, president of

19、Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roths point. “E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,” he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient.

20、 “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business,” he says.H Assess your workload before taking on new tasks. “The paradox of todays work environment is that the more you do, the more thats expected of you,” Davidson says. In order to better assess

21、your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned (使一致)with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would

22、be more rewarding; What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?I Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one bo

23、ok was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.46. “The more you do, the more you are expected to do” has been a paradox in todays work environment.47. As long as employees have a can-do attitude and do not just complain about their workload, the managers woul

24、d like to help them decide what to do first.48. As a single parent, Deborah Chaddock-Brown finds it difficult to make a balance between business and housework.49. There are many useful methods of preventing people from feeling overwhelmed by workload.50. Messy work areas are nonproductive to some ex

25、tent, so you are supposed to keep your work areas tidy and important files at hand.51. To know more about how to maximize efficiency, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is recommended.52. In Organizing for Dummies, using voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions and turning off the

26、e-mail notice are suggested in combating interruptions.53. According to Rudy, the best way to stop multitasking is to make a list of priorities and set deadlines for each task.54. Focusing on a single matter will make your tasks appear more possible to be done.55. In fact, most of what people retain

27、 is substitutable, so dispose the things that are disposable.练习2Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section B(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each stat

28、ement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Universities Branch Ou

29、tA As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competit

30、ive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B In response to the same forces that have driven the

31、world economy, universities have become more self¬consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an i

32、nterconnected world and collaborative (合作的)research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.C Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad h

33、as grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today forei

34、gn students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Americas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergrad

35、uates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.D Universities are also encouraging students to spend

36、some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in su

37、mmer internships (实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunityand providing the financial resources to make it possible.E Globalization is also reshaping the way research is do

38、ne. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs amy 14research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleague

39、s from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both c

40、ountries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.F As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consiste

41、ntly led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基石出设施)and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect

42、but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, w

43、here Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science an

44、d national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation dur

45、ing that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H American politicians have great difficulty

46、recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, c

47、hanges in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and

48、 a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.I Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nations well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness

49、by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States andlike immigrants throughout historystrengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who stu

50、dy in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视)values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university stud

51、ents.46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.47. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.48. The enrollment of international students will ha

52、ve a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.49. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.51. The

53、number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.52. The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.53. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industr

54、ial application.54. Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.55. When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home countries.练习3Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. E

55、ach statementcontains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Caring for elder

56、ly parents catches many unpreparedA Last July, Julie Baldocchi，s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn"t prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Fr

57、ancisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about

58、 a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,” she says. “But I didnt even know how to find help.”B With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But eve

59、n if you plan intellectually and legally, youre never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to