高中英语语法：情态动词课件(共47张)培训讲学

1、情态(qngti)动词第一页，共47页。情态动词是一种本身(bnshn)有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。什么(shn me)是情态动词？第二页，共47页。情态动词的语法特征1. 情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待(qdi)或估计某事的发生，不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。 2. 没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 3. 不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语。4. 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接动词原形。5. 情态动词没有非谓语形

2、式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。 常见情态动词： can/could, may/might, ought to, must, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to, used to第三页，共47页。表示(biosh)能力表示(biosh)可能性表请求(qngqi)或允许 can 和could：1) can的主要用法： A. _： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. _： eg. Can the news be true? C. _: eg. Can I sit here? 第四页，共47页。2) coul

3、d的主要用法：A. could 是can的过去式, 表示过去的能力和推测eg.她不可能在说谎。She couldnt be telling lies.B. could可代替can表示请求(qngqi), 语气比can更委婉eg. Could you lend me your dictionary？ Could I use your bike?第五页，共47页。3) can/could have done “本可以、本可能做某事”用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生(fshng)的事情作出的判断。你本来可以考得更好。You could have had a better mark.4) can/coul

4、d not have done 对过去发生(fshng)的行为进行推测:不可能做了某事刚才我还看见他了， 所以他不可能出国了。 I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.门是锁着的， 所以她不可能在家。The door was locked，so she couldnt have been at home.第六页，共47页。may和might1. may的主要用法： A. _eg. May I come in ? (请求(qngqi) You may go now.(允许)B. _eg. I believe the man is fro

5、m England. But you may be wrong. may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。表示请求、允许(ynx);比can正式:表示(biosh)猜测：第七页，共47页。The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通(b tn)了。 在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。例如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？可能性从大到小: mustcan could may might第八页，共47页。表示祝愿(zhyun);语气较正式:C. _eg. May you succeed! May you have a go

6、od journey! 2.might 的用法:多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许(ynx)。She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。第九页，共47页。3.might/may have done,表示对过去发生的动作进行表示可能性的推测(tuc)。他可能去医务室了。He may have gone to the clinic.他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。He might have read about the news in the newspaper.第十页，共47页。（助动词） （情态(qngti)动词）will和wou

7、ld：1. _用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表“意志/决心/请求(qngqi)”时是情态动词。would亦同理。 I will tell you something important.我将要告诉你一些重要的事。Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗? will是助动词或是(hu sh)情态动词。第十一页，共47页。2. _ If you want help, let me know, will you? 如果(rgu)你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗? Will you type this, please? 请打印这个，好吗？ Wont you

8、 sit down? 请坐下，好吗？ will在疑问句中用于第二人称(d r rn chn),表提出请求。第十二页，共47页。（表请求(qngqi)）（表意愿(yyun)）（表许可(xk)）3. _Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？Id go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。would比will语气委婉。第十三页，共47页。shall ,should 和ought to1.在陈述句中,shall用于第二、三人称，表示允诺、警告、命令、决心(juxn)等。You

9、 shall do as I say. (命令)Nothing shall stop me doing it. (决心(juxn) Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称，表示请求或征求意见。Shall I open the window for you？（征求意见）Shall he fetch some water for you？（请求）shall用于构成将来时是助动词,用于表示允诺、警告、命令、决心(juxn)和请求或征求意见时,是情态动词第十四页，共47页。3. should常表示劝告、建议

10、、命令，与ought to意义相近(xin jn)，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.第十五页，共47页。4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该但”,ought to的语气更强烈,用于否定则表示“本不该但”。You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt h

11、ave left without saying a word.5.Should用于表示可能性的推测(tuc)时,表“应该，很可能”。They left at 5:30. They should get there now.第十六页，共47页。表示(biosh)必然性。表示(biosh)强制/义务。mustmust 的主要(zhyo)用法： 1. _eg: We must all die. 人总要死的。2. _eg: You must get up early. 你必须早起来。第十七页，共47页。例如：We mustnt waste our time. May I take this magaz

12、ine out? No, you mustnt. 注意(zh y): must not “禁止”。must 用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答用yes, please 等，其否定回答用 neednt 或者 dont have to。第十八页，共47页。must 表示推测时， 只能(zh nn)用于肯定句。must do 对一般时的肯定推测must be doing 对现在的动作进行肯定推测 must have done 对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断他们买了一辆新车。 他们一定很有钱。They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money

13、.他现在一定在看小说.He must be reading novels now. 路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.第十九页，共47页。need1.作情态(qngti)动词时,仅用于否定或疑问句,后接动词原形,表“需要”。You neednt return the book now.Need he start from the beginning? Yes, he must. / No, he neednt/doesnt have to. 第二十页，共47页。2.neednt have done 表示

14、做了本不必要做的事情,意为“ 本不必要”。Our color TV set is still good enough. You neednt have bought a new one.3.need作实义动词时,表示“需要”，有人(yu rn)称、时态和数的变化。He needs to finish it this evening. The classroom needs cleaning.第二十一页，共47页。可兼作实义动词的情态动词：need，dare1.作为(zuwi)情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare (Need) +S (主语) +V (动词原形)S + darent (n

15、eednt) +VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he go yesterday?第二十二页，共47页。2.作实义动词(dngc)用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、时态和数的变化。He needs to go there himself.He has grown up, we dont need to worry about him.3.sth. (sb.) need( want, reque

16、st)+ doing/ to be done.The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned.The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.The plants want watering every day. =The plants want to be watered every day. 第二十三页，共47页。 句型 时 态 动 词 情态(qngti)动词dare 实义动词 dare 肯定句 现在时 dare do dare/dares to do 过去时 dared do dared to do 否定句 现在

17、时 darent/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do 过去时 dared not do did not dare (to) do疑问句 现在时 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dare (to) do? 过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do 第二十四页，共47页。判断正误:How dare you say such a thing?How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did

18、he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?dare用作情态动词(dngc)时，表示“敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句及条件从句。第二十五页，共47页。Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes ne

19、ed cleaning carefully.need作情态动词(dngc)，通常用在疑问句、否定句中，或与条件句、whether/hardly/nobody等连用。因need不能用于肯定句，因此肯定回答要用must。第二十六页，共47页。例如： Need I stay here any longer?我需要在这儿(zhr)呆下去吗？No, you neednt. 不需要。Yes, you must. 是的，需要呆下去。第二十七页，共47页。1. (2017大纲版全国卷)Although you_find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap

20、 place to shop.A.shouldB.need C.must D.can【解析】选D。考查情态(qngti)动词。句意:虽然在伦敦你有时能买到便宜的东西,但是总体上说伦敦是一个购物很贵的地方。should应该;need需要;must必须;can除了表示“能”,还可以表示“有时会”,强调理论上的客观可能性。【高考(o ko)链接】第二十八页，共47页。2. (2018四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother_take me to Disneyland at weekends.A.might B.must C.wou

21、ld D.should【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意:我仍然记得我的快乐童年,那时母亲在周末常常带我去迪斯尼乐园。根据at weekends可知是过去经常性的行为(xngwi),would表示“过去常常”。第二十九页，共47页。3. (2017江苏高考)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves,_ bring me food.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意:让我觉得难为情的是他们本身就很穷,竟然还给我带来食物。should表示惊讶(jngy),意为“竟然”,符合句意;might表示

22、“可能,大概”;would表示意愿或者过去常常;could“能够”。第三十页，共47页。4. (2017湖南高考)Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we_bring anything with us?A.cantB.mustntC.shantD.neednt【解析】选D。考查(koch)情态动词。句意:我已为野餐准备了各种食物。你的意思是说我们不用带任何食物了吗?neednt不必,不需要,符合语境。第三十一页，共47页。5. (2016四川高考)Why are your eyes so red? You_ hav

23、e slept well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont【解析】选A。考查情态动词的用法。句意:你的眼为什么那么红?昨晚你肯定没睡好。是的,我熬夜写一篇报道了。A项cant have done表示对过去的否定(fudng)推测;B项表示“禁止,不允许”,不能用于对过去的推测;C项neednt have done表示过去不需要做某事(但却做了);D项不能用于对过去的推测。第三十二页，共47页。6. (2018新课标全国卷)The door _ open,n

24、o matter how hard she pushed.A.shouldntB.couldntC.wouldntD.mightnt【解析】 选C。考查(koch)情态动词。句意:不管她怎么用力推,门总是打不开。shouldnt不应该,couldnt主观的不能,wouldnt不肯,不可能,总是不;mightnt可能不。第三十三页，共47页。7.(2017北京高考(o ko)You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.Well, I dont know. It _ do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should【解

25、析】选A。考查情态动词。句意:你不需要带伞,不会下雨。哦,我不知道。也许会下雨。might表示不太确定。由I dont know可知A项符合句意。B项表示“需要”;C项表示“意愿”;D项表示“应该”。第三十四页，共47页。8.(2016辽宁高考)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He_ too much at the party last night.A. could drink B. should drinkC. would have drunk D. must have drunk【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意:Harry感到不舒服。他一定(ydng)

26、是在昨晚的聚会上喝了太多的酒。根据句意是对发生在过去的情况的推测,用must have done。第三十五页，共47页。9.(2017浙江高考)I _ myself moreit was a perfect day.shouldnt have enjoyedB. neednt have enjoyedC. wouldnt have enjoyedD. couldnt have enjoyed【解析(ji x)】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意:我玩得再开心不过了这是完美的一天。D项表示不可能做过,这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级的意思,故选D。A项表示本不该做却做了;B项表示本不必做却做了;C

27、项将不会做,用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。第三十六页，共47页。10. (2015全国卷) I _ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意:我不需要用闹钟来叫醒我,因为每天早晨六点钟,火车(huch)就从我家附近经过。couldnt 不能; mustnt 一定不要; shouldnt 不应该; neednt不需要。根据句意可知, 此处表示“不

28、需要做某事”, 所以选D。第三十七页，共47页。11. (2015浙江高考)Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts.A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had【解析】选D。考查(koch)虚拟语气。句意: 如果他们知道接下来的事, 他们或许(经过考虑后)会改变想法。本句是条件句的虚拟语气, 省略了if。根据Had可知此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 主句应用would/could/might+have+done。故选D。第三十八页，共47

29、页。12.(2018全国卷)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need【解析】选A。考查(koch)情态动词。句意: 如果我能弄到钱,我会与约翰一起去欧洲度假。从主句的时态形式来看, 该句不是虚拟语气, 而是真实条件, 所以用can表示“能够”, 相当于be able to; might表示更小的可能性; would表示意愿; need必要。第三十九页，共47页。B1. _ I go out to play, mum? No, yo

30、u_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt最好(zu ho)不要表示(biosh)请求【课堂(ktng)训练】第四十页，共47页。2. Where is Emma? I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. mayD表示推测(tuc)，把握不大第四十一页，共47页。3. The roo

31、m is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned.A. cant have been B. couldnt beC. may have been D. would be【解析】选A。房间实在是太乱了；所以它不可能(knng)已经被打扫过。can/could not have done 对过去发生的行为进行推测“不可能(knng)做某事”。A第四十二页，共47页。4. How_ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only a part of the article?A. can B. must C. need D. may【解析】选A。 may 在这里有一种“可能的”的意思，而且从语感的角度讲也不顺。而can指的是一种能力，这里说的是“你怎么可以在只看了一部分这个电视节目的情况(qngkung)下就说你已经懂了整个故事呢？” 所以，这里的意思显然是表达一种能力。故选A。A第四十三页，共47页。5. There _ be any difficulty about passin