新标准大学英语4课后题翻译

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit11.If you ask me, real life is not all its cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?依我看，现实生活与人们想象的不一样。我们上了12年的中、小学，又上了3年的大学，这期间老师们一直

2、在没完没了地谈论在安宁的学生生活之外那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什么呢？2.Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. Its just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct inco

3、me tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all thats before Ihave had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if Im interested in buying a pension. At

4、this rate, I wont even last till the end of the year, let alone till Im 60.无论我怎么想保持心情愉快，麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人争吵（尤其是跟男孩，天哪！他们什么时候才能长大？），但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵！人人都想从我身上拿点钱去：国税局要收个人所得税，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款，房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费，手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱。更可气的是，不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙冷不丁地给我打电话，问我要不要买养老金。照这样下去，我连今年都活不过去了，更别提活到60岁领养老金

5、了。3. 我认为，选修第二专业并不适合每一位本科生。我大学本科主修英语专业，大一时就开始辅修经济学了。无疑，我是班里最用功的学生。我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求，但还是有不及格的时候。因为经济学需要良好的数学基础，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学，因而忽略了英语学习。If you ask me, taking a second major isnt good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the

6、 most hardworking student in my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldnt do well enough to pass all the exams. Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my En

7、glish major.4. 第二学期,英国文学及宏观经济学两门课不及格给我敲响了警钟，这可是我一生中第一次考试不及格，这大大打击了我的自信心。虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人，在暑假结束的时候，我还是决定放弃经济学，以免两个专业都难以完成。当我只需修一个专业的时候，一切似乎又回到了正轨。Failing English Literature and Macroeconomics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life,

8、which had greatly sapped my confidence. Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track aga

9、in.Unit21.Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give theimpression of originality, either in style or in content. Rare are the unique books less than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of literature. In one of his recent autobiographical novels,

10、 Blaise Cendrars points out that Rmy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature. Cendrars himself who would suspect it? is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in

11、their original tongue. Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that have been written about him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine. For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has hi

12、mself written a great many books. All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer, a man who has known how to “waste” his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学

13、库藏中，或许只有极少数作品不到50本是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯桑德拉尔指出，雷米德古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，了解书的这种重复性。没有人会怀疑桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，他阅读了大部分独具个性的作家的作品。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，就会阅读这个人写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世上，像他这样的情况是绝无仅有的，他不仅读得广，读得深，而且本人还著述颇丰。这一切似乎都是在业余时间完成的。因为从本质上讲，他是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何大量“浪费”时间的人。

14、从某种意义上说，他是文学届的凯撒大帝。2. 张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的。反思自己的大学教育时，他感慨不已：他的一些同学都沉浸于从图书馆或书店找到的各种有趣的书籍，而他却只读了一些教科书，其中连一本真正能让他爱不释手、值得一读的书都没有。他可以说是被剥夺了通过书了解作家奇妙世界的特权。It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei became aware of the pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his

15、undergraduate studies, he lamented that he, unlike his classmates who had immersed themselves in various interesting books they were able to lay hands on from the library or bookshop, had only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile, or could be read in one sitting. He was deprived of th

16、e privilege of gaining access to the writers fantastic worlds through the windows their books have opened, so to speak.3. 如今，他嗜书如命，废寝忘食，好像要把大学期间没机会读的好书全都读一遍。到目前为止他已经利用业余时间读了几百本小说、传记和游记。他意识到书不仅能向他展示一个充满希望的前景，帮他消除现实生活中的压力和疲劳，而且能够帮他澄清一些误解，找到生活的真谛。Now he has become an avid and omnivorous reader. It is a

17、s if he wants to make up for those marvelous books he hadnt had a chance to read in his university days. By now, in his spare time, he has read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes. He realizes that books can not only reveal to him the vista of a hopeful future a

18、nd help him withstand stresses and strains, they can also help him clear up some misconceptions and discover the true meaning of life.Unit41.Today, while most of us marry for romantic reasons, marriage at its core is still a financial union. So much of what we want or dont want out of life boils dow

19、n to dollars and cents, whether its how hard we choose to work, how much we consume or how much we save. For some people, its working 80-hour weeks to finance a third home and country club membership; for others, it means cutting back on office hours to spend more time with the family.如今，尽管我们大多数人是因相

20、爱而结婚，婚姻从根本上讲仍然是金钱上的结合。不管是选择工作的努力程度，还是决定消费多少或储蓄多少，我们生活中想要得到的或不想得到的许多东西归根结底都跟钱有关。对一些人来说，就是一周工作80小时来支付第三套房的房款和乡村俱乐部的会员费；对另一些人来说，意味着缩短上班时间，花更多的时间陪伴家人。2. “A lot of the debates people have about money are code for how we want to live our lives,” said Betsey Stevenson, assistant professor of business and p

21、ublic policy at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, who researches the economics of marriage and divorce. “A lot of the choices we make in how we want to live our lives involve how we spend our money.”“有关钱的许多争论都事关生活方式的原则问题，而生活方式的许多选择则与如何花钱密切相关。”宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的商业及公共政策助理教授贝齐史蒂文森如是说，他研究婚姻和离婚经

22、济学。3. Making those choices as a team is one of the most important ways to preserve your marital assets, and your union, experts say. But its that much easier when you already share similar outlooks on money matters or when you can, at the very least, find some middle ground.专家们说，夫妻一起共同做出这些选择是维护婚姻资产及

23、婚姻关系的最重要的方法之一。当然，如果夫妻双方一开始就在钱的问题上看法相似，或者至少能够在钱的问题上相互妥协，那么事情就好办多了。4. 谈及目前经济萧条所带来的影响，学生活动的减少就是一个很好的例证。为了活跃校园生活，大学愿意划拨一部分资金来资助学生社团活动，但由于今年学校的预算大幅减少，对社团的资助也相应缩减了不少。显然，学生社团要恢复以前的活力就必须想办法克服自身的经济困难。有人主张招募更多会员，因为会员费的增加可以帮助他们度过难关。When it comes to the effects of the current economic downturn, the decrease of

24、student activities is a good case in point. To enliven campus life, the university is always willing to carve out money for activities organized by student clubs and societies, but such sponsorships have been pared down this year because of huge budget cut. Apparently, student organizations need to

25、weather their own financial crisis if they want to recover from their current state of inactiveness. Some suggest enrolling more club members, on the ground that the consequent increase of membership fees may help them get out of the difficulty. 5.当然，如果有更多的会员交年费，而且缩减一些日常开支，我们还是能省下一些钱来组织活动的。但是，问题的关键在

26、于社团活动的费用与参加活动的人数是成正比的，因此这种方法恐怕不太可行。要推进社团活动，同时又不使经费超支，我们必须群策群力，拿出别的筹钱方法，而不是仅仅依赖学校拨款和会员费。No doubt, if we have more members paying the annual fee, and if we cut back on our daily expenses, we can spare some money for organizing activities. But the bottom line is that the expenses of these activities ar

27、e in proportion to the number of participants. Im afraid this wont be of much help. To boost student activities and to avoid going into the red, we still need to pool our ideas and come up with some other ways of raising money, in lieu of relying only on university grants and membership fees.Unit51.

28、 Women cant even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves. Most application forms now give four choices for titles. Men have one to choose “Mr.” so their choice carries no meaning other than to say they are male. But women must choose among three, each of them marked. A woman who che

29、cks the box for “Mrs.” or “Miss” communicates not only whether she has been married but also that she has conservative tastes in forms of address, and probably other conservative values as well. Checking “Ms.” declines to let on about marriage (whereas “Mr.” declines nothing since nothing was asked)

30、, but it also marks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious, depending on the attitudes and assumptions of the one making the judgment. 女人一填表就会暴露自己的个人经历。现在大多数的申请表会给出四种称谓选择，男人只有一种选择，即“先生”，他们的选择除了表明他们是男性之外没有其他含义。但女人要从三种称谓中选一个，其中的任何一种都是带标记的。如果勾选“太太”（Mrs.）或者“小姐”（Miss）的方框，她不

31、仅暴露了自己的婚姻状况，而且表明她在称谓上很保守，而且在价值观方面可能也很保守。如果选“女士”（Ms.），说明她拒绝透露自己的婚姻状况（而男人选“先生”时则没有拒绝透露任何事情，因为他本来就没有被要求透露婚姻信息）。另外，在表格中勾选“女士”的人会被标记为“平权者”或“叛逆者”，这就要看评判她的人持什么样的态度和看法了。2. I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by giving my title as “Dr.” and thereby risk marking myself as either uppity (hen

32、ce sarcastic responses like “Excuse me!”) or an over-achiever (hence reactions of congratulatory surprise, like “Good for you!”). 我有时填上“博士”头衔，以避开这几种带标记的称谓选项。这么做又会给自己带来风险，标明自己要么骄傲自大（于是乎招来讥讽的反应，比如“拜托！”），要么是一个读书读过头的人（那么对方的反应就是祝贺式的惊奇，比如“真行！”）。3. 我们对理想丈夫或理想妻子的假设显示出我们的性别期待以及我们对性别期待的反应。如果大多数年轻姑娘希望她们的未婚夫强悍、

33、能干、可靠，那么小伙子们也就别无选择，只能把自己训练得强悍、能干、可靠，这样才能赢得女孩子的芳心。如果他们的做法与性别期待背道而驰，那么他们很可能会在悲叹自己的光棍生涯中度过下半辈子。根据同样的不成文法则，如果多数年轻男子希望他们的未婚妻温柔体贴、耐心、忠贞，认为这些比什么都重要，那么姑娘即便不是这种人，也会假装自己将来会成为贤妻良母。Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses to

34、 them. If most girls want their fiancs to be tough, capable and reliable, there is no more option left for young men other than to be trained as tough, capable and reliable if they want to win girls heart. If they act to the contrary, they will most probably bemoan their bachelors status for the res

35、t of their lives. Following the same unwritten rule, if most boys expect their fiances to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type. 4. 深入研究一下这种性别期待，我们就会发现这是受生理和社会因素制约的。无疑，女

36、性为孕育婴儿做好了生理准备，而男人则完全不适合这项工作。男人只有努力挣钱养家，才能让一家人过上好日子。5.Looking into such gender expectations, we may find that they are based on both physiological and social factors. It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children, whereas men are utterly unfit for the job. Therefore, a fa

37、mily is better-off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.Unit61. The historian is not required to have the special skills which enable the expert to determine the origin and period of a fragment of pottery or marble, to decipher an obscure inscription

38、, or to make the elaborate astronomical calculations necessary to establish a precise date. These so-called basic facts which are the same for all historians commonly belong to the category of the raw materials of the historian rather than of history itself. The second observation is that the necess

39、ity to establish these basic facts rests not on any quality in the facts themselves, but on a priori decision of the historian. In spite of C. P. Scotts motto, every journalist knows today that the most effective way to influence opinion is by the selection and arrangement of the appropriate facts.

40、It used to be said that facts speak for themselves. This is, of course, untrue. The facts speak only when the historian calls on them: It is he who decides to which facts to give the floor, and in what order or context. It was, I think, one of Pirandellos characters who said that a fact is like a sa

41、ck it wont stand up till youve put something in it. The only reason why we are interested to know that the battle was fought at Hastings in 1066 is that historians regard it as a major historical event. It is the historian who has decided for his own reasons that Caesars crossing of that petty strea

42、m, the Rubicon, is a fact of history, whereas the crossing of the Rubicon by millions of other people before or since interests nobody at all. The fact that you arrived in this building half an hour ago on foot, or on a bicycle, or in a car, is just as much a fact about the past as the fact that Cae

43、sar crossed the Rubicon.2. 为保证校园的安全，校方最近发布了一项新的规定，禁止小商贩进入校园。校长呼吁学生在这件事上与学校合作。学生们表示强烈反对，几百名学生在学校的BBS上表达了他们的愤怒。他们说，因为校园离市中心很远，校内商店里的货品又不多，把小贩赶出校园就无异于把学生扔到孤岛上。有些人提出，正是在这样的事情上，学校应该听取学生的意见和需求。有些学生认为，这项规定能让校园更安全的想法是错误的。3.学生的反应让校长感到震惊，为弥补过失，他宣布学校将重新考虑这项规定。他对学生说，他们完全有权力过上方便、舒适的生活，但校园的安全也同样重要。他还提议在校园里建一个大超市，

44、在宿舍楼附近开一些便利店 ，这样就能大大方便学生们的生活。Unit71. In so many ways, we now share our home and our homes with so many others. From Australia to Zambia, we wear baseball caps and watch Hollywood movies. Markets in Morocco sell radios made in Singapore, and we all watch television and enjoy the same type of programm

45、es. Are people obliged to do this, or do they simply want to ？2. Yet at heart, while we have learnt or have been taught to like and aspire towards the same things, we recognize a streak of individualism in ourselves, a consciousness of difference, of our own uniqueness. And when life on Earth gets o

46、verwhelming, people retreat into themselves, into their homes.3. The word home is an emotive one. Its a deliberate choice to call the organization to protect the US from terrorism the Department of Homeland Security. Home doesnt mean just bricks and mortar, translated into house or housing in so man

47、y languages. Home is where we hunker down, take off our shoes and switch off from the outside world. Its an inward-looking place, where we should feel safe. Our homes also show our individual sides, through the pictures on the wall, the favourite chair, the souvenirs from visits beyond our homes, ou

48、r expression of choice, which remain unchanging day to day, symbols of a moments pause in an ever-changing world.4. 在毕业典礼上，一家知名 IT公司的经验丰富的 CTO托 马斯克拉克 给 140名渴望在 IT行业干出一番事 业的计算机科学专业的学生提出了一 些重要建议。 在他看来， 信息技术不仅仅是组装机器和装置。 这个领域， 在 创新起着关键的作用。所以 IT工作者自 然要承受巨大的压力，因为他们 每天都要想出一些 新点子。 5. 但是克拉克也指出， 行业的最终目标是利润。 I

49、T如果 你想在这个 领域获得成功，你应该牢记创新并 不等同于个人主义。值得注意的是，很 多有天赋的年 轻人由于狂妄自大，交流能力差，没能发挥他 们的潜力， 因此没有取得成功。克拉克强调说，你必 须学会和不同部门的人合作，这 样你才能创造 出能被市场接受的产品， 你的才华才能绽放。历史学家不需要掌握特殊的技能去确定陶瓷或大理石残片的起源与断代、解读一段意义隐晦的铭文的含义、或是为确定一个准确的日期而进行繁复的天文计算。这些所谓的基本事实对所有的历史学家来说都是一样的，它们是历史学家可用的原始素材，而非历史本身。我要说的第二点是，之所以有必要确定这些基本的事实并不取决于事实的可靠性，而是取决于历史

50、学家事先做出的判断。尽管C.P.司各特的那句箴言深入人心，但是现在每一名新闻记者都知道要影响大众舆论，最有效的方式就是对特定的事实进行选择和剪接。人们以前常说事实不言自明。这种说法显然是错误的，历史事实只是在历史学家用到时才会不言自明。哪些事实可以现身说法，以及这些事实以什么样的顺序或是在什么样的情景中出现都是由历史学家来决定的。 我记得皮兰德娄笔下的一个人物曾经说过：事实就像一个麻袋不塞点东西进去就立不起来。我们之所以对1066年发生在黑斯廷斯的战役感兴趣的唯一原因就是历史学家把这一战役看作是一个重大的历史事件。历史学家们依照自己的推断，认为凯撒穿越那条小河卢比孔河是一个史实，但没有人对在他

51、之前或是之后几百万其他人穿过这条河的举动感兴趣。你半个小时之前或徒步、或骑车或开车来到这幢大楼，这件事和当年凯撒渡过卢比孔河一样都是一个关于过去的客观事实。To make the campus safer, the university authorities recently released a new regulation that forbids any vendors from entering the campus, and the president called on the students to cooperate with the university on this m

52、atter. But the students opposition was strong, and hundreds of them expressed their anger on the university BBS. They said that to keep vendors off campus is like deserting the students on an island, as the university was far away from the downtown and the shops on the campus did not provide enough

53、commodities. Some claimed that it was precisely for matters of this kind that university should listen to students opinions and needs. Some students thought the university had got it wrong in believing that this regulation will ensure safety on campus.Shocked by the students reaction, the president

54、tried to make amends for his mistake by announcing that the university will look into this new regulation again. He told students that they were entitled to live a convenient and comfortable life, but safety is just as much an important concern as that. He proposed to build a big supermarket within

55、the campus and some convenient stores near dormitory buildings, which would certainly make students life much easier.我们在许多方面和许多人共享我们各自的家我们的家，从澳大利 亚到赞比亚，人们都戴棒球帽，看好莱坞电影。在摩洛哥的市场上可以买 到新加坡产的收音机。我们都看电视，喜欢看同一类节目。 人们是必须这样做，还是就喜欢这样做呢？ 虽然我们已经学会了（或被教会了）喜欢或追求同样的东西，但在内心深处，我们都意识到我们身上有一种个人主义的特质，意识到自己与众不同， 意识到自己的独特

56、性。当世上的生活变得令人无法承受的时候，人们就退 隐到自己的内心世界里，退隐到他们的家中。“家”这个词充满了强烈的感情色彩。保护美国人不受恐怖攻击的那个部 门名叫“国土安全部”,这种称谓是经过仔细推敲的。 “家”在很多语言中 都被译成“房子”或“住宅”，但它不仅仅意味着砖头和灰浆。家是我们可 以放松休息的地方，在家里我们脱下鞋子，忘掉外面那个纷扰的世界。家 是一个让我们转向内心的地方，到了家我们就感到安全。通过挂在墙上的 照片、我们最喜欢的椅子、外出旅游时带回来的纪念品，家显示出我们个 性的方面，我们的取舍。这些东西每天一成不变地放在那里，象征着这个 变幻不定的世界中片刻的停顿。In the

57、graduation ceremony, Thomas Clark, a veteran CTO of a renowned IT company, offers some important advice to 140 computer science majors who aspire to pursue a successful career in IT. In his opinion, information technology is not just about assembling machines and devices; it is a domain where innova

58、tion plays the key role. So naturally IT workers have to endure high pressure in their work as they need to come up with new ideas on a daily basis. But Clark also points out that the ultimate goal of IT business is profit. If you want to succeed in this business, you need to keep in mind that innov

59、ation is not synonymous with individualism. It is noticeable how many gifted young men have failed to achieve success because of their arrogance and poor communication skill. Clark emphasizes that you have to learn to cooperate with people from different departments and only thus can your talent blossom out by creating products that w