组织学与胚胎学_组培_英语词汇表_双语

1、上皮组织被覆上皮单层扁平上皮内皮问皮单层立方上皮单层柱状上皮假复层纤毛柱状上皮复层扁平上皮变移上皮细胞衣微绒毛纤毛紧密连接中间连接桥粒缝隙连接基膜质膜内褶半桥粒GlossaryEpithelial Tissue ,epi' 9i：li?l 'ti ?ucovering epitheliumsimple squamous epithelium 'skweim ?s endothelium ,end ?u'G:li?mmesothelium ,mes?u' ei:li?msimple cuboidal epithelium kju:'b ?idlsi

2、mple columnar epithelium k?'l?mn? pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium 'str? tifaid transitional epitheliumcell coatmicrovillus(microvilli) ,maikr ?u'vil ?scilium(cilia) 'sili ?mtight junctionintermediate junctiondesmosome 'dezm ?s?umgap ju

3、nctionbasement membraneplasma membrane infolding 'pl ? zm?hemidesmosome结缔组织固有结缔组织疏松结缔组织致密结缔组织网状组织脂肪组织成纤维细胞巨噬细胞浆细胞肥大细胞脂肪细胞基质胶原纤维弹性纤维网状纤维网状细胞软骨软骨组织透明软骨弹性软骨纤维软骨软骨细胞Connective Tissueconnective tissue proper loose connective tissue dense connective tissue reticular tissue ri'tikjul ? adipose tiss

4、ue ' ? dip ?us fibroblast 'faibr ?ubl a:st macrophage 'm ? kr?ufeid? plasma cell mast cellfat cellground substancecollagenous fiber k?'l? d?n?s elastic fiberreticular fiberreticular cellcartilage 'k atilid ?cartilage tissuehyaline cartilage 'hai ?lain elastic cartilagefibrous

5、 cartilage/fibrocartilage chondrocyte 'k?ndr?saitisogenous group ai's?d?in?s同源细胞群perichondrium ,peri'k?ndri ?m软骨膜bone骨osseous tissue/bone tissue '?si?s骨组织bone matrix骨质osteoprogenitor cell骨祖细胞osteoblast '?sti?ubi? st成骨细胞osteocyte '?sti?sait骨细胞osteoclast '?sti?ukl? st破骨细胞ci

6、rcumferential lamella l?'mel ?环骨板osteone骨单位Haversian system哈弗斯系统interstitial lamella问骨板periosteum ,peri, ?sti?m骨外膜endosteum en'd ?sti?m骨内膜Blood血液serum 'si?r?m 血清blood plasma血浆Wright's stain瑞氏染色hemocyte 'hi:m ?sait血细胞erythrocytei'ri &?usait红细胞hemoglobin(Hb) ,hi:m?u' gl

7、?ubin, ,hem-血红蛋白reticulocyte ri'tikjul ?usait网织红细胞leukocyte'lju：k?usait白细胞granulocyte ' gr? njul?usait有粒白细胞agranulocyte ei'夕？ njul?usait无粒白细胞azurophilic granules gr? nju：ls嗜天青颗粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) 'nju:tr ?fil 中性粒细胞 eosinophil ,i:?'sin?fil,-fail,-fil嗜酸性粒细胞ba

8、sophil 'beis ?fil嗜碱性粒细胞monocyte 'm ?n?usait单核细胞lymphocyte 'limf ?usait淋巴细胞blood platelet 'pleitlit血/卜板Muscle Tissue肌组织muscle fiber肌纤维sarcolemma ,sa:k?u'lem ?肌膜sarcoplasm 's a:k?pl? z?m肌浆sarcoplasmic reticulum肌浆网skeletal muscle 'skelit?l骨骼肌epimysium ,epi'misi ?m肌外膜peri

9、mysium ,peri'mi ?i?m, -zi ?m肌束膜endomysium ,end?'mizi ?m肌内膜striated muscle 'straieitid横纹肌myofilament ,mai?u'fil?m?nt肌丝isotropic band ,ais?u'tr ?pikI 带anisotropic band ? n,ais?u'tr?pikA 带sarcomere 's ak?mi?肌节myofibril ,mai?u'faibril肌原纤维transverse tubule (T tubule)横小管lon

10、gitudinal tubule ,l?nd?i'tju:din ?l纵小管terminal cisternae 't?：min?i si'st?：ni：终池triad 'trai ?d, - ? d三联体cardiac muscle 'k adi? k心肌intercalated disc闰盘diad 'dai ? d二联体smooth muscle平滑肌神经组织 神经细胞 神经胶质细胞 神经元胞体 突起树突 轴突 尼氏体 神经原纤维 神经丝微管 突触 轴体突触 轴树突触 化学性突触 突触前成分 突触小泡 突触间隙 突触后成分 胶质细胞 星形胶

11、质细胞 少突胶质细胞 小胶质细胞 室管膜细胞 施万细胞 神经膜细胞Nervous Tissue nervous cell neuroglial cell neuron 'nju ?r?n soma 's?um? neurite 'nju ?rait dendrite 'dendrait axon ' ? ks?n Nissl's body neurofibril ,nju ?r?u'faibril neurofilament ,nu?r?'fil?m?nt microtubule ,maikr ?u'tju:bju:l s

12、ynapse'sain?ps, axosomatic synapse axodendrite synapse chemical synapse presynaptic element ,pri:si'n ? ptik synaptic vesicle 'vesikl synaptic cleft postsynaptic element glial cell ' tai?l astrocyte '? str?sait oligodendrocyte '?li g ndendr ?sait microglia mai'kr ?glai? e

13、pendymal cell e'pend ?,me?ri Schwann's cell neurilemmal cell ,njur?l?'m? tiksatellite cell 's? t?lait卫星细胞nerve fiber神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber 'mai ?lineitid,有髓神经纤维unmyelinated nerve fiber无髓神经纤维central axon '? ks?n轴索myelin sheath髓鞘neurilemma神经膜Ranvier's node郎飞结internode &

14、#39;int ?n?ud结间体nerve神经epineurium ,epi'nju ?ri?m神经外膜perineurium ,per?'nju:ri ?m神经束膜endoneurium ,per?'nju:ri ?m神经内膜sensory nerve ending感觉神经末梢free nerve ending游离神经末梢encapsulated nerve ending in'k? ps?leitid被囊神经末梢tactile't? ktail corpuscle 'k?:p?sl触觉小体lameller corpuscle 'k?:

15、p?sl环层小体muscle spindle 'spindl肌梭motor nerve ending运动神经末梢somatic s?u'm ?tik motor nerve ending躯体运动神经末梢visceral 'vis?r?l motor nerve ending内脏运动神经末梢motor end plate运动终板Circulatory System循环系统Cardiovascular system ,k adi?u'v? skjul?心血管系统heart心walls of heart心壁endocardium ,end?u'kcrdi?m心

16、内膜endothelium ,end ?u'G:li?m内皮subendothelial layer 'lei?subendocardial layerPurkinje fibersmyocardium ,mai ?u'k adi?mepicardium ,epi'k adi ?martery ' at?rimedium-sized arterymuscular arterytunica intima 'tju:nik ? 'intim ?internal elastic membranetunica mediatunica advent

17、itia ,?dven'ti ?external elastic membranelarge arteryelastic arterysmall arteryarteriole a'ti?ri?ucapillary k?'pil?ri, 'k? pi-continuous capillaryfenestrated fi'nestreitid capillarydiscontinuous sinusoidal ,sin?s?idl capillary内皮下层心内膜下层浦肯野纤维心肌膜心外膜动脉中动脉肌性动脉内膜内弹性膜中膜外膜外弹性膜大动脉弹性动脉小动脉微

18、动脉毛细血管连续性毛细血管有孔毛细血管不连续毛细血管血窦blood sinusoidvein veinlymphatic ,lim'f ? tik systemlymphatic capillarylymphatic vessel 'ves?l lymphatic trunks lymphatic ducts静脉淋巴系统毛细淋巴管淋巴管淋巴干淋巴导管免疫系统 淋巴器官 中枢淋巴器官 周围淋巴器官 淋巴组织 弥散淋巴组织 淋巴小结 免疫细胞 胸腺被膜 小叶间隔 胸腺细胞 上皮网状细胞 胸腺上皮细胞 胸腺小体 淋巴结 小梁皮质淋巴窦 被膜下淋巴窦 小梁周窦 浅层皮质 副皮质区 胸腺

19、依赖区 髓索 髓窦脾 白髓Immune i'mju:n System lymphoid 'limf ?id organ central lymphoid organ peripheral p?'rif?r?l lymphoid organ lymphatic tissue diffuse lymphoid tissue lymphoid nodule 'n?dju:l,-d ?u:l immune cell thymus ' Oaim ?s capsule 'k? psju:l interlobular septum thymocyte '

20、; Oaim?sait epithelial reticular cell thymic epithelial cell thymic corpuscle lymphoid node trabecula cortical sinus 'sain ?s subcapsular sinus peritrabecular sinus superficial ,sju:p ?'fi? cortex 'k?:teks paracortex zone p ? r?'k?:teks thymus dependent area medullary cord 'med ?

21、l?ri medullary sinus spleen white pulp p?lpperiarterial lymphatic sheath动脉周围淋巴鞘central artery中央动脉splenic corpuscle 'k?:p?sl脾小结red pulp红髓splenic cord脾索splenic sinus脾窦marginal zone 'm ctd?in?l边缘区palatine 'p ? l?tain tonsil 't?nsil腭扁桃体mononuclear ,m ?n?u'nju:kli ? phagocytic ,f? g &

22、#39;sitik 单核吞噬细胞系统 systemDigestive System消化系统digestive di'd ?estiv tract消化管mucosa mju:'k?us?粘膜lamina propria固有层muscularis mucosa粘膜肌层submucosa粘膜下层muscularis肌层adventitia ,?dven'ti ?i?外膜tongue t?舌lingual 'li ?然?l papilla p?pil ?舌乳头filiform papilla丝状乳头fungiform 'filif?:m papilla菌状乳头c

23、ircumvallate ,s?:k?m'v?leit papilla轮廓乳头esophagus i:'s?f? g s食管stomach胃fundic 'f ?ndik gland胃底腺chief cell主细胞zymogen cell 'zaim?ud?n胃酶细胞parietal cell p?'raiit?l壁细胞oxyntic '?ksintik cell泌酸细胞mucous 'mju:k ?s neck cell颈粘液细胞small intestine in'testin小肠plicae 'plaik ? cir

24、cularis环行皱裳absorptive ?b's?:ptiv cell吸收细胞striated border纹状缘goblet cell杯状细胞endocrine cell 'end ?ukrain,内分泌细胞small intestinal gland小肠腺Paneth cell潘氏细胞undifferentiated cell未分化细胞intestinal vilus肠绒毛large intestine大肠digestive gland消化腺pancreas 'p? nkri?s胰exocrine portion 'eks?krain外分泌部pancre

25、as islet 'ailit胰岛glucagon ' u:k?g n胰高血糖素insulin 'insjulin胰岛素somatostatin,s ?um?t?'st? tin,生长抑素liver'liv?肝hepatic hi'p ?tiklobule/live门obule/'l ?bju:l/肝小叶hepatic plate/liver plate肝板limiting plate界板hepatocyte'hep ?t?sait,肝细胞Kupffer cell库普弗细胞hepatic sinusoid 'sain ?s

26、?id肝血窦Disse space狄氏间隙perisinusoidal space窦周隙bile bailcanaliculus,k ? n?'likjul ?s胆小管portal canal area门管区interlobular vein小叶间静脉interlobular artery小叶间动脉呼吸系统导气部interlobular bile duct小叶间胆管Respiratory 'resp ?r?t?ri,Systemtracheatr?'ki:?, 'treiki ?lungl? conducting portion lobar bronchus&#

27、39;br ?k?s small bronchusbronchiole'br ?ki?ulterminal 't ?:min?lbronchiolerespiratory'resp ?r?t?ri, portionrespiratory bronchiolealveolar ? l'vi?l? ductalveolar sacpulmonary, 'p ?lm?n?ri acinus'?sin?salveolar epitheliumtype I alveolar celltype n alveolar cellsurfactants?:'

28、;f? kt?ntalveolar septum'sept ?malveolar porepulmonary macrophagedust cellblood-air barrierrespiratory membraneUrinary'ju ?rin ?ri Systemkidney 'kidnirenal'ri:n?l cortex'k ?:teks细支气管终末细支气管呼吸部呼吸性细支气管肺泡管肺泡囊肺泡肺泡上皮I型肺泡细胞n型肺泡细胞表面活性物质肺泡隔肺泡孔肺巨噬细胞尘细胞血-气屏障呼吸膜泌尿系统肾肾皮质肾髓质renal medulla me

29、9;d ?l?cortical labyrinth 'l ?b?rin q皮质迷路medullary ray髓放线uriniferous tubule泌尿小管nephron 'nefr ?n肾单位renal corpuscle肾小体vascular'v?skjul? pole血管极urinary pole尿极renal glomerulus (J?'merjul ?s肾小球mesangium me's?nd?i?m血管系膜mesangial cell系膜细胞mesangial matrix'meitriks系膜基质renal capsule &#

30、39;k? psju:l肾小囊parietal layer p?raiit?l壁层visceral layer 'vis?r?l脏层capsular space肾/、囊月空podocyte p ?d?'sait足细胞slit membrane裂孔膜filtrationfil'trei ? membrane滤过膜filtration barrier滤过屏障renal tubule肾小管proximal'pr ?ksim?l tubule近端小管thin segment 'se ？nt细段distal tubule dis't ?l远端小管pars

31、convolute 'k ?nv?,lu:t曲部pars recta 'rekt ?直部proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管brush border刷状缘lateral process侧突basal striation基底纵纹distal convoluted tubule远曲小管collection tubule集合管juxtaglomerular ,d ?kst?(j?'merjul ? complex球旁复合体juxtaglomerular apparatus ,? p?reit?s肾小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell球旁细胞

32、renin 'ri:nin, 're-肾素macula 'm ? kjul? densa致密斑extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜细胞Skin皮肤epidermis,epi'd ?:mis表皮dermis'd ?:mis真皮stratum'streit ?m, basale基底层stratum spinosum棘层stratum granulosum颗粒层stratum lucidum透明层stratum corneum'k ?:ni?m角质层melanocyte'mel ?n?usait黑素细胞L

33、angerhans cell朗格汉斯细胞papillaryp ?'pil ?ri layer乳头层reticular layer网织层hypodermis,haip ?u'd?:mis皮下组织Eye眼eyeball眼球fibrous tunic 'tju:nik纤维膜vascular tunic 'v ?skjul?血管膜retina 'retin ?视网膜cornea 'k?:ni?角膜corneal epithelium角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina前界层corneal stroma 'str?um?角膜基质

34、posterior limiting lamina后界层corneal endothelium角膜内皮layers of retina视网膜的分层pigment 'pi ?nt epithelium layer色素上皮层layer of rods and cones视杆视锥层layer of bipolar bai'p ?ul? cell双极细胞层layer of ganglion cell ' g ? g?n节细胞层pigment epithelial cell色素上皮细胞visual cell 'vizju?l视细胞photoreceptor cell ,f

35、?ut?uri'sept?感光细胞rod cell视杆细胞cone cell k?un视锥细胞bipolar cell bai'p ?ul?双极细胞ganglion cell节细胞Endocrine System 'end ?ukrain, -krin内分泌系统endocrine gland内分泌腺nitrogen- 'naitr ?d?n containine hormone 'h?:m?un含氮激素细胞cellsteroid secretory si'kri:t ?ri cell类固醇分泌细胞thyroid gland ' 9air?

36、id甲状腺thyroid hormone甲状腺激素follicular f ?likjul ? epithelial cell滤泡上皮细胞thyroglobulin, 9air?u' d?bjuli ?iodination碘化的甲状腺球蛋白,ai?udi'nei ?ncolloid 'k?l?id胶体thyroxine Oai'r?ksi:n, -sin甲状腺素triiodothyronine(T3)三碘甲状腺原氨酸tetraiodothyronine(T4)四碘甲状腺原氨酸parafollicular cell滤泡旁细胞calcitonin ,k? lsi&#

37、39;t?unin降钙素parathyroid ,p?r? Tir?id甲状旁腺chief cell主细胞parathyroid hormone甲状旁腺激素oxyphil cell嗜酸性细胞adrenal ?dri:n ?l gland肾上腺zona glomerulosa球状带盐皮质激素醛固酮束状带糖皮质激素皮质酮网状带嗜铭细胞肾上腺素去甲肾上腺素垂体嗜碱性细胞促甲状腺激素细胞促甲状腺激素促肾上腺皮质激素细胞促肾上腺皮质激素促性腺激素细胞腺垂体远侧部嗜酸性细胞生长激素细胞生长激素促乳激素细胞促乳激素卵泡刺激素黄体生成素间质细胞刺激素嫌色细胞中间部促黑素激素细胞黑素细胞刺激素结节部神经垂体神经

38、部垂体细胞赫林体下丘脑视上核室旁核加压素抗利尿激素mineralocorticoid ,min 才？l?u'k?:tik?id aldosterone , ? Id ?u'ster ?un zona fasiculata Glucocorticoid ,u:k?u'k?:tik?id corticosterone,k ?:ti'k?st?r?un zona reticularis chromaffin kr ?u'm ?fincell adrenaline ?'dren ?lin epinephrine,epi'nefrin norepi

39、nephrine/noradrenaline pituitary gland pi'tju:it ?ri basophilic cell,beis ?filik thyrotroph thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph adrenocorticotropin ?'dri:n ?u,k?:tik?u'tr?pin gonadotroph adenohypophysis, ?d ?n?uhai'p ?fisis pars dis

40、talis acidophilic cell ,? sid?u'filik somatotroph 's ?um ?t?tr?uf somatotropin/growth hormone(GH) mammotroph/prolactin cell mammotropin,m ? m?u'tr ?upinfollicle'f ?likl stimulating'stimjuleiti ? hormone(FSH) luteinizing'lu:tiinaiz hormone(LH) 'h ?:m?un interstitial cell s

41、timulating hormone(ICSH) chromophobe cell pars intermedia melanotroph melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) pars tuberalis neurohypophysis,nju ?r?uhai'p ?fisis pars nervosa pituicytepi'tju:isait Herring 's body hypothalamus,haip ?u' 0 ?l?m?s supraoptic nucleus,sju:pr ?ptik paraaventric

42、ular nucleus vasopressin(VP) ,veiz?u'presin antidiuretic hormone(ADH) '?nti,daiju ?'retikoxytocin(OT) ,?ksi't?usin,-'t ?- infundibulum ,inf?n'dibjul ?mMale Reproductive System ,ri：pr?'d?ktivtestis 'testisseminiferous tubule ,semi'nif 才？sinterstitial tissuespermato

43、genic epithelium ,sp ?:m?t?u'd ?enik,spermatogenic cellspermatogonium ,sp?:m?t?u'g uni?m, primar spermatocyte 'sp?:m?t?usait, secondary spermatocytespermatid 'sp?m?tidspermatozoon ,sp?:m?t?u'z?u?nsustentacular cell ,s?sten't? kjul?, interstitial cellandrogenFemale Reproductiv

44、e Systemovary '?uv?risuperficial epitheliumovarian cortex 'k ?:teksovarian medulla me'd ?l?催产素漏斗男性生殖系统睾丸生精小管问质生精上皮生精细胞精原细胞初级精母细胞次级精母细胞精子细胞精子支持细胞间质细胞雄激素女性生殖系统卵巢表面上皮卵巢皮质卵巢髓质门细胞hilus cell 'hail ?sfollicle 'f?liklprimordial follicle prai'm ?：dj?iprimary cocyteoogonium , ?u?' g Uni?mfollicular cell f?likjul?primary folliclezona pellucidacorona k?r?un? radiata 'reidi,eit ?secondary folliclefollicular cavityfol