新视野大学英语2词汇课文(第二版)

1、新视野2词汇+课文unit1.txtbudget vt. 为.做预算，编制预算 vi. （为特定目的）节省或用钱 n. 预算 a. 便宜的，廉价的 acute a. 1.（指感觉或感官）深刻的，敏感的，尖锐的 2.严重的 replace vt. 1.把放回原处 2.代替，取代 foreigner n. 外国人 restless a. 1.（尤指因厌烦、烦躁和焦虑而引起的）不安定的或不安静的 2. 动作不停的，好动的 restlessly ad. 不安定地，不安静地 elbow vt. 用肘把人推到一旁 n. 肘 abrupt a. 1.（指行为）粗鲁的，无礼的 2. 突然的，意外的 brief

2、 a. 1.短暂的 2.（指说话或写作）用字简练的，简洁的 vt. 预先向. .提供必要信息或指示 opening a. 初始的 n. 1.开始 2.（商号或公司的）职位空缺 ritual a. 例行的，老规矩的，惯常的 n. 固定的程序 interaction n. 交流；相互作用，相互影响，合作 convention n. 1.惯例，习俗，常规 2.（专业人员、政党的）会议，大会 leisure n. 1.空闲，闲暇 2.悠闲，安逸 leisurely a. & ad. 从容（地），不匆忙（地） assess vt. 估价，评价 surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境 golf

3、n. 高尔夫球（户外运动，打高尔夫球的人设法以最少击球数把小硬球打入场内9或18个洞中） generally ad. 1.一般地, 通常地 2.广泛地；普遍地 probe v. 1.刺探，查究，探究，彻底调查 2.（用探针或探测器）检查，探查 n. 1.C 探针，探子（医生用来检查伤口的一种钝头细长工具） 2.(尤为新闻用语) 刺探，查究，彻底调查 tick vi. （指钟表等）滴答滴答地响 vt. 在（项目旁）打上勾号 n. 1.（尤指钟表等）滴答声 2.勾号() consequently ad. 因此，所以 saving n. 1.节省，贮存 2.储蓄金 labor-saving a. 省

4、工的，节省劳力的，减轻劳动的 device n. 1.器械，装置 2.计划，策略，诡计 fax n. 1.传真通信，电传真 2.C 传真机 email n. 电子邮件(electronic mail 的缩略) electronic a. 1.电子的，电子操作的 2.和电子设备（如计算机）有关的 significance n. 1.意义 2.重要性 conduct vt. 1.进行, 指导, 管理 2.传导 (电、 热等） n. 行为，品行 increasingly ad. 逐渐地，日益地，逐渐增加地 teleconference n. （通过电话、电视等的）电信会议 satellite n.

5、1.C 人造卫星 2.C 卫星 obtain vt. 取得，获得，买到，借到 superb a. 极好的；壮丽的，华美的 whereas conj. 反之；却，而 elapse vi. （指时间）过去，逝去 skillful a. 熟练的，有技巧的，灵巧的 skillfulness n. 熟练，有技巧，灵巧 competent a. （指人）有能力（技术、知识）的，能干的，胜任的 fulfill vt. 1.履行，执行，完成 2.满足；与. . 相符 Phrases and Expressionsresult in 致使，导致，造成. . 的结果 nothing but 只有，除. . 以外什

6、么也不 account for 解释，说明 charge for 收费，要价，索价 sand in the hourglass 沙漏中的沙（沙漏上端所盛细沙用一小时从窄缝中漏到下端） in a rush 匆忙的 under pressure 在压力下，在强力下 go with 同时发生，伴随 work at 工作，从事于，钻研 save for 储存，储蓄 at hand 正考虑的 在附近，在手边，临近的 in person 亲身，亲自 due to 由于，因为 be worthy of 值得的，配得上的 desirable a. 令人向往的；值得有的；合意的 fascinating a. 有

7、极大吸引力的，迷人的 spite n. 1.(用于短语) 虽然；不顾，尽管 2.恶意； 怨恨 clash vi. 1.严重不一致，冲突 2.冲突，交锋，遭遇 n. 1.严重不一致，争论 2.抵触，冲突 tradition n. 传统，惯例 evidently ad. 明显地 excitement n. 1.兴奋，激动，刺激（尤指令人愉快的事引起的） 2.令人兴奋的事，使人激动的事件 marvelous(英marvellous) a. 惊奇的，奇妙的，不可思议的 amuse vt. 1.逗. .乐（笑） 2.给. . 娱乐（消遣）；以. .自娱 amusement n. 1.娱乐（消遣）活动，娱

8、乐品，娱乐场所 2.娱乐，快乐 ending n. （尤指故事、影片、戏剧）结局，结尾 hostile a. 1.怀有敌意的，敌对的 2.敌方的 hostility n. 1.敌意，敌对，敌视 2.抵制，反对 3.战争，战斗 moreover ad. 再有，此外，而且 distress n. 1.痛苦，苦恼，忧伤（的原因） 2.（缺钱、缺食物造成的）穷苦，贫困 3.危险，危难 vt. 使痛苦，使悲痛，使忧伤，使贫困 devise vt. 想出（计划），发明（设备、工具） mechanism n. 1.C【心】心理机制，机理 2.手法，技巧，途径 3.机械装置，机件 cope vi. （成功地）

9、应付，能对付 repression n. 1.【心】压抑（把本能的欲望和冲动，尤与一般公认的行为标准相冲突的，压抑于潜意识中），压抑作用，压抑机制 2.镇压，抑制 regression n. 【心】 回归，倒退（指当个人追求的愿望得不到满足或受严重挫折时，即以与其年龄不相称的发展早期的某些原始的幼稚行为来适应当前，由意识状态倒退到无意识状态的一种变态心理现象。） isolate vt. 使孤立，使隔绝，使隔离 isolation n. 隔离，孤立，分解，分离 avoid vt. 1.避开，逃避 2.避免，防止 reject vt. 1.拒绝，不接受 2.抛弃，丢弃 n. 被弃或被拒的人或物 r

10、ejection n. 拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃 helpful a. 有帮助的；有益的 recognition n. 1.承认，认可 2.认出，认识 3.酬谢; 赏识，表彰 recovery n. 1.恢复，复原，痊愈 2.寻回，追回，收复 comprehension n. 1.理解（力），领悟 2.（书面或口头）理解力练习，理解力测验 favorable (英favourable) a. 1.有帮助的，适宜的 2.赞同的 symptom n. 1.症候，症状 2.（坏事物存在的）迹象，征兆，征候 distinction n. 1.个性，特征 2.区分，区别 3.卓著，盛名 appreciat

11、e vt. 1.欣赏，赏识 2.理解，意识到，懂得 vi. 增值，涨价 acquisition n. 1.获得，得到 2.获得物（尤指有用的东西），添加物 alleviate vt. 减轻；缓和 furthermore ad. 此外，还有 Phrases and Expressionsadjust to 使适应（新环境），适应 be familiar to 为. . 所熟悉的，常见（听）到的 culture shock 文化冲击，文化震撼（在陌生的文化环境中不知所措） in the stage 在. . 阶段，在. .时期 be tired of 讨厌，不耐烦，厌烦 separate from

12、 使分离，分开 prevent from 阻止，防止 deal with 处理，对付 come to 达到某状态 recover from 从. . 恢复到正常状态 go through 通过；完成（某阶段） Time-Conscious Americans Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experime

13、nting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we al

14、so charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. A foreigners first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is

15、 in a rush - often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is consi

16、dered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Do

17、nt take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain appropriate point. Many new arrivals to the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welco

18、ming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or arou

19、nd on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear. Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady

20、flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer - especially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gat

21、herings. To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in p

22、erson. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting “ teleconferences ” to settle problems not only in this country but also - by satellite - internationally. The U. S. is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat wi

23、th friends, to make or break social appointments, to say “Thank you,” to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient. Some new

24、 arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, felt to be given added

25、weight by the passage of time. In the U. S., however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to “get it movi

26、ng.” Words: 689Culture Shock (Culture Shock) Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Like many young people who leave home to study in another country, do you think you would have lots of desirable fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the

27、opportunity of discovering fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter. Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values, and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have dif

28、ficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is culture shock. Evidently, at least four essential stages of culture-shock adjustment occur. The first stage is called “the honeymoon.” In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different plac

29、e, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems as though it will have no ending. Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is the “hostility stage.” You begin to not

30、ice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired. U

31、sually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression.” This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothin

32、g bothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression.” This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called “iso

33、lation.” You would rather be home alone, and you dont want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least thats what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things that could r

34、eally help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called “rejection.” With this coping mechanism, you think you dont need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you dont try to ask for help. The defense mechanisms you utilize in the hostility stage are not helpful. If you only occasiona

35、lly use one of these coping mechanisms to help yourself survive, that is acceptable. You must be cautious, however. These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you from making necessary adjustments to the new culture. After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the tempor

36、ary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called “recovery.” In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you dont understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the fi

37、rst two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even though the distinctions of the culture are different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate. The last stage of culture shock is ca

38、lled “adjustment.” In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. This acquisition of understanding alleviates muc

39、h of the stress. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the new culture. Evidently, culture shock is something you cannot avoid when living in a foreign country. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when you are going through its four stages. However, when you have completely adju

40、sted to a new culture you can more fully enjoy it. You learn how to interact with other people, and you learn a considerable amount about life in a culture that is not your own. Furthermore, learning about other cultures and how to adjust to the shock of living in them helps you learn more about you

41、rself. Words: 753Adjustments to a New Culture I had to find more friends. After several weeks in school I knew a couple of students but saw them only a few minutes, perhaps three times a week. I decided to learn a few more names. I came ten minutes early to my News Media and U.S. Government class. T

42、wo young women, one black and one white, were already there. I told myself to be aggressive and went up to them. “Hi.” I tried to be casual. “My name is Liu Zongren. I come from Beijing, China.” I stressed Beijing, hoping that might create some attention. “Oh, really? How do you find it here?” The w

43、hite woman seemed interested. I couldnt understand what she meant. “I came here by plane, of course.” I must have looked lost. The white woman added quickly, “I mean, do you like this country?” “Well, I dont know.” How foolish I was. Why had I said this? “My name is Ann. This is Geri.” Several other

44、 students had arrived by now. I didnt know if the two women wanted to go on talking. I began feeling nervous when I realized I was standing in the middle of the classroom. Ann started to move away. “Glad to meet you, Mr. ” “Liu,” I said in haste, “Just call me Liu. My last, no, my first name is too

45、hard to pronounce.” “Glad to meet you, Mr. Liu,” Ann repeated. “Thank you,” I said, my face turning red. I wondered what I had thanked them for, as I made my way to a seat. After the class began, most of what the professor said escaped my ears and I left as soon as the lecture ended. I had no other

46、class that day and I didnt want to go back to the loneliness of the McKnight house, so I explored around the grounds. Many students were entering a particular lecture hall. I stopped and checked my list of classes. It was a history class. Good. I went in. I sat in a seat away from the lecture stand.

47、 Nobody paid any attention to me. I saw several Asian faces among the crowd. I relaxed, took out my notebook, and opened the school newspaper, pretending to be an old hand. A young man sat down beside me and smiled. It was five minutes until class. Perhaps I could strike up a conversation with this

48、friendly looking man. I started my set introduction. “My name is Liu Zongren. I come from Beijing, China.” “Glad to meet you. My name is George Christi.” He seemed ready to talk. “Please write down your name for me.” I handed my notebook to him. “You know, it is very hard for me to remember American

49、 names without seeing them spelled out.” I said this out of a desire to speak two more sentences, rather than as an explanation. I looked at what he wrote. “Is yours the same name as that British woman who writes mystery novels?” “Sort of,” he answered. Seeing me at a loss, he asked, “How do you lik

50、e the weather here?” “Much the same as that in Beijing. We have cold winters, too.” “I hope someday I can go to Beijing.” “Youll be welcome. If you wait for two years, I can show you around.” I was so very eager to make a friend of him. Unfortunately, the professor appeared and the class began. I wo

51、uld be sure to come to this class again and locate this friendly person. I didnt try my luck anymore that afternoon. Instead I found a seat in the library and tried to finish some assignments. I took out my books, but my mind refused to absorb anything. I glanced around the library; some students we

52、re doing their homework; a few were dozing on the sofa along the wall. Looking at those tired students, I remembered an article in the newspaper had reported that the 1981 fees would be $6,900. How could I blame them for not wanting to talk to me? Costs were so high; they had to put their time and e

53、nergy into their studies. I closed my books and began a letter to Fengyun, but couldnt finish it. Sad, I packed up my books and walked slowly back to my room. I knew my sadness came not only from missing my family, but also from the frustration of being unable to learn. People in Beijing must be thi

54、nking I was enjoying myself here in the richest country in the world. Yet I was suffering, not because people in America were not accepting me, but because they didnt understand me and didnt seem to care how I felt - and because I didnt understand them, either. After my three classes each day, I wal

55、ked without aim around the grounds like a lost soul. I had no place to go. I felt better when dusk fell, knowing that another day had passed. Words: 817 新视野2词汇+课文unit2.txtglobal a. 1.全球的，世界范围的 2.包括一切的，总括的 ecology n. 生态，生态学 undertake vt. 1.担任，承担 2.同意做，要做，答应 initiative n. 1.解决困难所采取的行动，初步行动 2.采取行动的能力（权

56、利或权力），主动权，优先权 3.主动，进取精神（尤指不求助于外力的） abundant a. 1.很多的，丰富的，充裕的 2.富于，富有 cod n. 鳕鱼 species n. 物种，种类 herring n. 鲱鱼 fisherman n. 渔民，渔夫，渔工 ambitious a. 1.显示或需要雄心的 2.充满野心的，雄心勃勃的（尤指为金钱或功名的） diverse a. 1.种类不同的，多种多样的 2.不同的，相异的 diversity n. 差异，多样，多样性 tropical a. 热带的，（生长在）热带的，炎热的 clear-cut vt. 砍伐殆尽（一块林区） erosion n. 1.腐蚀，侵蚀 2.削弱，减少；损害 exten