英语书面表达短文

1、 一、常考重点句型：1. be afraid of doing / to do /that从句2. be busy doing sth./ with sth.3. be famous / late /ready / sorry +for sth.4. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth. 5. ask / tell /want sb. (not) to do sth.6. give/ buy/ lend/ sb. sth.7. tell/ ask sb. how to do sth.8. Its time +for sb. to do sth.9. Its 形容词

2、for/of sb. to do sth.10. would rather do.11. had better do sth.12. Its better/ best to do sth.13. enjoy/ finish/ practice/ mind/feel like doing sth.14. stop to do (doing) sth.15. keep/ stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.16. prefer 宾语to 宾语17. used to do sth.18. be/get/become used to doing sth.19. 含有too

3、 . to do sth.结构的句型20. 含有so.that的句型21. It takes/took sb. to do sth.22spend 名词on sth./ doing sth.23. see/ hear/ watch sb. do/doing sth.24. Whats wrong / the matter with sb./ sth.?25. Thanks for + doing sth.26. What/ How about doing sth.?27. Lets do.28. The 形容词/副词的比较级主语谓语，the 形容词/副词的比较级主语谓语29. 表示比较的三个句

4、型30. sth. /sb. be (am, is, are) three meters long (wide, high, tall.) 某物/某人有三米长/宽/高31. Its two years / has been two years +since 从句32. both.and.连接主语的句型33. neither .nor. 连接主语的句型34. There is something /nothing wrong with sth 某物出毛病了（没毛病）35. Why not do .?/ Why dont you do .? 为什么不.？36. Will / Would /Coul

5、d you please do sth? 请你做某事好吗？37. Would you like (sb.) to do sth.? 与Would you mind doing sth.?38. 含有as soon as的句型39. 含有not.until的句型40. 含有for+ some time的句型41. be supposed/ willing to do.应该做某事42. 主语find it 形容词 动词不定式43. It seems that +从句44. I think/ believe/ feel/ agree that.及I agree/ disagree with you.

6、45. I dont think +宾语从句46. What do you mean by/ What does .mean? 是什么意思?47What do you think of/How do you like ? 你认为怎么样?48. What + be + 主语 + like? .什么样?49Its said/ reported that 据说/据报道50. one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数 .其中之一 二、中考经常考到的重点句型详解：1. be afraid of doing / that 从句这个句型表示“某人害怕做某事”，be动词随着句子的主语人称和数的变化而变化

7、。(1) be afraid of的后面用名词或动名词形式作宾语，表示“某人害怕做某事”。也可以用be afraidto do sth. 例如：My little sister is afraid of dogs.我的小妹妹害怕狗。He doesnt want to speak English, because he is afraid of making mistakes.他不想说英语，因为害怕出错。(2) be afraid +that从句，一般用来要说出对方不想听到的内容的客气的说法。多译成“恐怕”。例如：I am afraid that I cant help you. 我恐怕不能帮助

8、你。随时练：Many girls are afraid of _ out at night.A. to go B. go C. going D. goes【答案与解析】答案是C。在动词短语be afraid of的后面可以用名词、代词或者动名词形式作宾语，所以选C。2. be busy doing sth./ with sth.这个句型表示“某人忙于做某事”，be busy的后面接动词时用动名词，接名词或者代词时用be busy with。例如：Our teacher is busy correcting our homework. 我们的老师正忙于批改我们的作业。=Our teacher i

9、s busy with our homework.随时练： Where is your mother? She is busy _ dinner for us at home.A. to cook B. cooks C. cook D. cooking【答案与解析】答案是D。在动词短语be busy 的后面用动名词形式作宾语表示“忙于做某事”的意思，所以选D。3. 主语be famous / late /ready / sorry for 宾语这个句型的意思是“因为某人或者某事而出名/ 迟到/ 做好准备/ 道歉”，其中介词for表示原因。例如：The old man is famous for

10、 his handwriting. 这个老年人因为他的书法而出名。We are sorry for not taking part in your birthday party. 没能参加你的生日聚会我们感到抱歉。随时练：Are you _ for the class? Yes. Lets begin.A. ready B. sorry C. happy D. tired【答案与解析】答案是A。be ready for表示“准备好做某事”的意思，所以选A。选项B虽然可以和for连用，但是意思不合题意；选项C一般和介词with连用，表示“对某事满意”；选项D和of连用表示“厌烦某事”。4. ma

11、ke/ let /have sb. (not) do sth使役动词make/ let/ have的后面用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,意思是“使/ 让某人做某事”，而此句型谓语动词变成被动语态时要把省略的to加上。例如：My father often makes me do my homework for an hour at home. 我的爸爸每天迫使我在家做一个小时的家庭作业。He was made to work more than ten hours a day. 每天他被迫工作十多个小时。随时练：Our teacher lets us _ English every morn

12、ing.A. to read B. read C. reading D. reads【答案与解析】答案是B。在动词let的后面用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，所以选B。5. ask / tell /want sb. (not) to do sth.动词ask、tell、want的后面可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语，意思是“要求/ 告诉/ 想要某人做某事”。例如：My teacher often tells us to do our homework at home. 我们的老师经常告诉我们在家做我们的家庭作业。随时练：What did your father say just now? He

13、 asked me _ him clean his car.A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps【答案与解析】答案是B。在动词ask的后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语表示“要求某人做某事”的意思，所以选B。6. give/ buy/ lend sb. sth.give/ buy/ lend等动词后可以跟双宾语，谓语动词的变化和句子的主语保持一致，意思是“给某人某物/ 给某人买某物/ 借给某人某物”，表示某物的宾语是直接宾语，表示某人的宾语是间接宾语。如果直接宾语在前面，间接宾语在后面要用介词to/for。有类似用法的动词有很多，常见的能与to连用的有：giv

14、e lend bring hand pass read return sell show teach tell throw常见的能与for连用的有：buy choose cook find get make order prepare 例如：My mother bought me a new sweater. My mother bought a new sweater for me. 昨天晚上我妈妈给我买了一件新毛衣。随时练：Kelly cooked dinner _ her parents while they were cleaning the yard.A. to B. for C.

15、with D. at【答案与解析】答案是B。cook的后面用双宾语，当表示物的宾语在前面，表示人的宾语在后面时要用介词for。cook dinner for sb. “为某人做饭”，所以选B。7. tell/ ask + (sb.) +how to do sth.动词tell/ask/ know/ show等动词的后面用“疑问词+动词不定式”构成的短语作宾语，相当于疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如：Can you tell me where to buy this kind of flowers? Can you tell me where I can buy this kind of flower

16、？你能告诉我在哪里买这种花吗？随时练：Why did your brother come here? He came here to ask _ computer games.A. how to play B. when can he play C. for play D. how playing【答案与解析】答案是A。在动词ask的后面用疑问词how和动词不定式构成的短语作宾语表示“如何玩电脑游戏”的意思，所以选A。8. Its time (for somebody) to do sth.这个句型意思是“到了做某事的时间、该做某事了”，如果用名词表示事件，也可写成“Its time for

17、sth.”。其中it指时间。例如：Its time for you to take some medicine. 到了你吃药的时间了。Its time for bed. 到了上床睡觉的时间了。随时练：It was time for them_ basketball when we got there.A. play B. to play C. for play D. played【答案与解析】答案是B。 表示“到做某事的时间了”，动词要用不定式，所以选B。9. Its 形容词for/ of somebody to do sth.这个句型it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，意思是“对某

18、人来说做某事是怎么样的”。例如：Its difficult for your brother to take the heavy box to his room. 对你小弟弟来说把那个重箱子搬到他的房间里是困难的。如果句型中的形容词表示for/ of后面某人的性质和特点，一般用of；而形容词表示做某事的性质和特点，不能用来修饰的某人，就要用for。Its too careless for you to make so many mistakes. 你出了这么多的错误真是太粗心了。（此句中可以说You are careless .，即careless可以修饰you。）随时练：Its intere

19、sting _ in the park.A. for us playing soccer B. for us to have a picnic C. of us have a rest D. of us play soccer【答案与解析】答案是B。本题是考查不定式作句子的主语时用it代替作形式主语的用法。此处for us to have a picnic在句子中作主语，因为谓语部分是系动词加形容词，用it代替；interesting说明不定式的特征，用for引出某人，所以选B。10. would rather do .这个句型是表示“宁愿”的意思，表示选择，后接不带to的不定式。例如：Id

20、rather not say anything. 我宁愿不说任何事情。Would you rather work on a farm? 你愿意你农场工作吗？由于would rather表示选择，后可接than，再接相比之下不愿意做的事。如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. 我宁愿在农场工作而不愿意在工厂工作。随时练：I would rather _ a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.A. to lose B. lose C. losing D. lo

21、st【答案与解析】答案是B。在would rather的后面用动词原形，所以选B。句意：我宁愿失去一打的樱桃树，也不愿意你说一次谎话。11. had better (not) do sth.这个句型要注意had better的后面用动词原形，had better可略写为d better，意思是“最好做某事”，否定形式在had better 后加not。例如：We had better go there on foot. 我们最好步行去那里。随时练：You had better _ it in English, because its an English exam.A. write B. to

22、 write C. writing D. writes【答案与解析】答案是A。在动词短语had better的后面用动词原形，表示某人最好做某事的意思，所以选A。12. Its better/ best to do sth.这个句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，意思是“最好做某事”。表示相比较而言，做某事更好或最好。例如：Its best to plant trees in the spring. 春天是植树的最好季节。随时练：Its best _ soccer on the playground.A. to play B. play C. playing D. to pla

23、y the【答案与解析】答案是A。本题是考查it在句子中作主语，后面的动词不定式是句子的主语。所以选A。13. feel like/ enjoy/ finish/ practice/ mind doing sth.在动词enjoy(喜欢)、finish (完成)、practice (练习)、mind (介意)和短语feel like (想要)的后面必须用动名词作宾语。例如：Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这里吸烟你在意吗？随时练：Some boys are practicing _ English with the foreigner there.A. speak

24、 B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke【答案与解析】答案是C。本题是考查动词practice的后面用动名词形式作宾语的用法，意思是“练习做某事”。所以选择C。14. stopto do (doing) sth.动词stop的后面可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，区别如下：形式作用意义stop doing sth.作宾语停止正在做的事情stop to do sth. 作目的状语停下来（手头的事）开始做某事例如：Its time for class. You should stop talking. 现在上课了，你们应该停止谈话。随时练：We have worked f

25、or three hours. Lets stop _.A. to have a rest B. having a rest C. have a rest D. resting【答案与解析】答案是A。本题考查动词stop的后面接动名词还是用动词不定式的用法辨析，从句意“我们已经工作了三个小时，咱们停下来休息一下”可知，要用动词不定式表示停止工作开始休息的意思，所以选A。15. keep/ stop/ prevent sb. fromdoing sth.动词keep/ stop/ prevent和介词from连用，表示某人阻止某人做某事，from后面如果接动词要用动名词形式。例如：The tre

26、es can keep the water from running away. 树木能够阻止水流失。随时练：The branches of the trees kept the boy from _ off to the deep river.A. to drop B. drop C. dropping D. dropped【答案与解析】答案是C。本题是考查动词keep somebody from doing sth.的用法，表示“阻止某人做某事”的意思，所以选C。句意：树枝接住了那个男孩，使他没有落入深深的河水中。16. prefer 宾语Ato 宾语B这个句型表示与B事相比更喜欢做A事，

27、其中两个宾语的形式一般是一致的，如果用动词，都要用动名词形式。例如：My father prefers apples to bananas. 我爸爸喜欢苹果胜过香蕉。He is a man who prefers doing to talking. 他是个喜欢做而不喜欢说的人。随时练：We prefer _ to _. What about you?A. swimming；skating B. to swim; skating C. skate; swim D. swim; skate【答案与解析】答案是A。本题是考查动词短语prefer to的用法，to的前后都用动名词形式表示“喜欢做某事胜

28、过做另一件事”，所以选择A。17. used to do sth.这个句型在used to的后面要用动词原形，其中to是不定式符号，表示“过去常常做某事”，现在已经不做了。例如：My father used to be a math teacher. 我的爸爸过去曾经是一名数学老师。18. be/get/become used to doing sth.这个句型在be/get/become used to的后面用动名词形式做宾语，表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，可以用于各种时态。例如：My little brother has been used to getting up early

29、to go to school. 我小弟弟已经习惯早起上学了。随时练：1. Are you used to _ in the village school? No, I cant get well on with the children there.A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied2. My brother used to _ late for school, but now he isnt.A. is B. be C. are D. was【答案与解析】1. 答案是B。be used to的后面用动名词形式作宾语，表示某人习惯于做某事的

30、意思，所以选B。2. 答案是B。used to的后面用动词原形表示某人过去常常做某事的意思，所以选B。19. 含有too . to do sth.结构的句型这是一个简单句的句型，表示“太.以至于/而不能做某事”。其中too可以修饰形容词和副词，意思是“太”，后面的to do sth. 是结果状语。例如：Your brother is too young to go to school. 你弟弟太小还不能去上学。20. 含有so.that的句型这是一个复合句的句型，意思是“太.以至于不能做某事的意思，与含有 too . to do sth. 是同义句。例如：I got up so late th

31、at I couldnt catch the first bus. 我起床如此晚以至于我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。此句也可以改为：I got up too late to catch the first bus. 我起床太晚了，赶不上第一班公共汽车了。随时练：1. Your brother is _ young _ he cant go to school.A. too. to B. very. to C. so. that D. too. that2. You are _ young to go to college.A. so B. to C. very D. too【答案与解析】1. 答案

32、是C。本题是考查用so that引导的表示结果的状语从句的用法，表示某人太.以至于不能 做某事，因为后面是结果状语从句，所以选C。2. 答案是D。本题是考查短语too形容词to的用法，表示某人太.以至于不能做某事，所以选 D。21. It take sb. some time/money to do sth.这个句型表示“做某事花费某人的时间或金钱”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面 的动词不定式短语。take的时态要根据句子的具体要求去确定。例如：It took me two hours to do my homework yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午做家庭作业花了我两

33、个小时。22. spend some time/ money on sth./ (in) doing sth.这个句型的主语是人，spend的后面可以接时间或钱作宾语，用介词on名词或in+动名词表示某人花费时间或者金钱所做的事，in可以省略。例如：I spent two hours on my homework last night. 昨天晚上我花了两个小时做作业。He spends most of his money in traveling around the country. 他把大部分钱都花在周游全国了。随时练：1. My father often spends one hour

34、_ TV after dinner at home.A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watches2. It _ them two thousand yuan to buy this computer. A. spent B. paid C. took D. to take【答案与解析】1. 答案是C。本题是考查spend后用动名词表示某人花费时间或者金钱做某事的意思，省略了介词in， 所以选C。2. 答案是C。本题是考查句型It takessb. to do sth.的用法，表示做某事花费某人的时间或金 钱，所以选C。23. see/ hear/ wa

35、tch/ sb. do/ doing sth.这个句型是表示“某人听/看到某人做某事”，这些动词的后面用省略to的动词不定式或现在分词（动词-ing形式）作宾语补足语。用动词原形作宾语补足语时，表示听或看到某人做某事的全过程；用现在分词（动词-ing形式）作宾语补足语表示听或看到某人正在做某事。例如：I saw your father watching TV when I left your home.当我离开你家的时候看到你的父亲正在看电视。We saw him put on his coat and go out. 我们看见他穿上大衣出去了。随时练：Do you hear someone

36、_ in our classroom just now?A. to sing B. sing C. singing D. sings【答案与解析】答案是C。在hear somebody的后面用现在分词形式作宾语补足语，表示听到某人正在做某事，所以本题选择C。24. Thanks for + doing sth.这个句型是用动名词作for的宾语表示“因为（某人）做某事而感谢（某人）”，也可用Thank you代替Thanks。例如：Thanks for telling me the news. 谢谢你告诉我这个消息。随时练：Thanks for _ me to your birthday par

37、ty.A. to invite B. invite C. invited D. inviting 【答案与解析】答案是D。本题是考查动名词作介词宾语的用法，介词for后面用动名词形式作宾语表示感谢的原因，所以选D。25. The 形容词/副词的比较级主语谓语，the 形容词/副词的比较级主语谓语这个句型是形容词/副词比较级的叠加用法，表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意思是“越.，（就）越.”。例如：The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make. 你越小心，出现的问题就越少。注意：另一种句型：比较级and比较级这种句型表示

38、事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意思是“越来越.”。 例如：longer and longer 越来越长；more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮。随时练：The _ you study, the _ you will get.A. more; more B. hard; good C. harder; well D. more; good【答案与解析】答案是A。本题是考查形容词比较级的叠加用法，句意：你学得越多，你得到的就越多。所以选A。26. 表示比较的三个句型 (1) as+ 原级+ as.这个句型表示同级比较，即比较的结果是一样的，在as和as的中间用形容词或副词的原级。在否

39、定句中既可以用not as. as.，也可以用not so. as.，表示前者不如后者。例如：He is as tall as my brother. 他和我的弟弟一样高。It is not as/ so warm as it was yesterday. 今天不如昨天暖和。(2) 形容词/副词的比较级than 这个句型表示比较的结果是不一样，一般指两者之间的比较，在than的前面用形容词的比较级。例如：2. He is taller than my brother. 他比我的弟弟高。(3) 形容词/ 副词的最高级in/of 其他这个句型是一种表示在三者或三者以上的比较方式，表示在一定范围内最

40、高级。形容词的最高级用定冠词the，副词的最高级前面可以不用定冠词，in和of后面接比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内，用in；如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。例如：You are the tallest boy in our class. 你是我们班最高的男孩。比较：You are the tallest of the boys. 你是男孩中最高的。（“You”与“boys”同类）注意：用比较级表示的最高级：1. 比较级+than any other+ 单数名词 2. 比较级+than anyone else3. 比较级+than all other+ 复数名词Susan is tal

41、ler than any other girl / all other girls in her class. 苏珊是她们班上最高的女生。随时练： 1. We think English is as _ as math.A. more difficult B. more important C. important D. easier2. Many boys think Math is _ than any other subject.A. interesting B. easiest C. more difficult D. difficult3. Chongqing is _ city _

42、 all the cities in China.A. big, in B. bigger, of C. biggest, in D. the biggest, of【答案与解析】1. 答案是C。本题是考查形容词的同级比较，as和as的中间用形容词的原级，所以选择C。2. 答案是C。本题是考查形容词的比较级的用法，句子是把数学作为一方，其他所有学科为另一方进行 比较，要用比较级，difficult的比较级是more difficult，所以选C。3. 答案是D。本题是考查形容词的最高级的用法，形容词的最高级前面用定冠词the，Chongqing是all the cities中的一个，是同类关系

43、，所以选D。27. sth./sb. + be+ 基数词+ meters long (wide, high, tall.) 某物/某人有几米长（宽，高.）这个句型表示“某人或某物有多高/ 多长等”。注意如果基数词超过1，后面量词meter等要用复数，而汉语中的量词如yuan等，是英语的外来语，不需用复数。例如：Our classroom is fifteen meters long and eight meters wide. 我们的教室15米长，八米宽。随时练：Look at that tall tree. I think it may be _.A. twelve meters tall

44、B. twelve meter long C. tall twelve meters D. tall twelve meter【答案与解析】答案是A。本题是考查表示某物多高的表达方式，即用数词meterstall来表示，所以选A。28. Its / has been two years since 从句 自从.到现在有两年时间里这个句型表示“自从过去某个时刻算起到现在多长时间了”，it指代时间，主句的谓语动词可以用现在完成时has been，也可以用is，与句型“Sb. has 过去分词for 表示一段时间”意思相同。例如：He has lived here for five years. I

45、ts five years since he lived here. 他住在这里已经五年了。随时练：_ twenty years since we came here.A. This is B. Thats C. Its D. They have been【答案与解析】答案是C。句意：我们来到这里已经20年了。用it表示时间，此句型可以用一般现在时代替现在完成时，所以选C。29. bothand连接主语的句型both. and. 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示两者都做某事。例如：Both you and your brother have to stay at home this

46、 Sunday. 你和你的弟弟这个周日必须呆在家里。30. neither .nor. 连接主语的句型这个句型是both and的否定形式，但是neither. nor.连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般就近一致，表示“两者都不做某事”的意思。例如：Neither I nor he is from the village. 我和他都不是来自山村。随时练：1. Both his father and he _ playing computer games.A. like B. likes C. is like D. are like2. Neither my wife nor I _ to the S

47、ummer Palace. We are planning to go there on May 1. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone【答案与解析】1. 答案是A。本题是考查both and的用法，both and连接两个主语，其谓语动词用复数形式， 所以选择A。2. 答案是A。从第二句可知主语没有去过颐和园，所以用have been to；neither. nor.连接主 语，谓语动词和nor后面的主语保持一致，所以选A。31. Whats wrong / the matter with sb. / sth.?这个句型是询问

48、某人或者某物出什么毛病了或有什么问题了。Whats wrong with的后面可以接人也可以接物作宾语，同义句型是Whats the matter with. ?例如：Whats wrong with your leg? 你的腿怎么啦？Nothing serious. 没有什么大毛病。注意：此句型作宾语从句时，不需改变语序。He asked me what was the matter with me. 他问我怎么了。随时练： _ with your mother? She looks tired. She is ill.A. Whats B. Hows C. Whats wrong D. W

49、hats matter【答案与解析】答案是C。从对话的情景可以理解要用Whats wrong来询问某人怎么啦，所以选C。选项D的matter前缺少定冠词the。32. There is something /nothing wrong with sth. 某物出毛病了（没毛病）这个句型表示“某人或者某物出毛病了”，一般疑问句是Is there anything wrong with sth.?例如：There is something wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出毛病了。随时练：There _ nothing wrong with your bike.A. be

50、B. is C. are D. am【答案与解析】答案是B。不定代词nothing作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数，所以选B。33. What/ How about doing sth.?这个句型用于询问“做某事怎么样/ 如何”，用来征求别人的意见。介词about后要接名词或动名词作宾语。例如：What about swimming after school? 放学后去游泳怎么样？34. Lets do.这个句型是表示“让我们做某事吧。”的意思，用来表示建议。这是一个祈使句，lets的后面用省略to的动词不定式即动词原形作宾语补足语。例如：Lets go there on foot. 咱们步行去那

51、里。35. Why not do . ?/ Why dont/wont you do .? 为什么不做？这个句型表示向别人提出建议或征求意见。注意Why not后可以直接加动词原形，可以看成是Why dont/ wont you do .?的省略形式，例如：Why dont you go there with me? Why not go there with me? 为什么不和我去那里？36. Will / Would /Could you (please) do sth? 请你做某事好吗？本句型是用情态动词will、would或could引起，表示请求别人做某事的意思，would和could没有过去的意义，只是使语气更委婉，其中please可省略。例如：Would you please open the door for me? 请你为我打开门好吗？注意：此句型中谓语动词受情态动词will、would等影响要用原形。37. Would you like (sb.) to do sth.?这个句型是表示“你想要/愿意（某人）做某事吗”，would like后要用动词不定式，用来征求意见。例如：Would you like to go swimming with me after scho