初中英语八大时态全套精讲

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初中英语时态精讲1 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a chil

2、d, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型： It is time for sb. to do sth "到时间了" "该了" It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该了" It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you we

3、nt to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事' I'd rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an inval

4、id all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词 could, wo

5、uld.Could you lend me your bike?3 used to / be used to used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful. Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)be used to + doing： 对已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk

6、.(现在习惯于散步)3、现在进行时一、意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。时间标志now，句前的look ,listen二、构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句： 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他)Im doing my homework now .否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.Im not doing my homework now.一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑问句：特殊疑

7、问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What are you doing now ?四、现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves ar

8、e turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer.d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 9 不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house bel

9、ongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4)

10、 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.4 过去进行时 1）概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My

11、brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛

12、丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. read； was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall s

13、ick。一、过去进行时用法：1. 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。如： （just）then 那时，当时 at this/that time 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon昨天下午 at nine 在九点 last night 昨晚 （at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候 但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。 What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？ I was watching TV at home yesterday

14、afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看电视。 They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。2.过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语连用。（1）From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。（2）They were building a bridge last winter

15、. 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。 (3) He was writing a book those days. 那几天他正在写一本书3.过去进行时与频度副词always forever， continually， constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。 My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨) He was always helping others. (表示赞扬)4. 过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间

16、接引语中。 Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning. 上周五Lucy到达北京，但第二天早晨就要动身去香港了。 She asked him if he was coming back for lunch. 她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。二 下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：(1). 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起

17、床。(2). 与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。(3) 用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted

18、 to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。(4) when作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。(5) go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：I was

19、 leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。She was coming later. 她随后就来。8过去进行时表示婉转语气(只限于want, hope, wonder 等动词)，用以提出请求。如：I was wondering if you could help me.I was hoping you could send me home.5一般将来时 一、意义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。时间标志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend ,

20、this afternoon , this evening 二. 构成及变化：一般将来时常用的结构1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produ

21、ced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 5be going to / will 用于条件句时， be

22、 going to表将来 will表意愿If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror6 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorr

23、ow afternoon. (客观安排)I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排).7 一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus.

24、= The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are close

25、d before you leave the room.8 用现在进行时表示将来 意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?6.过去将来时1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),

26、etc. 3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the(1)过去将来时由“助动词would+动词原形”构成。would常缩略为d。(2)过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。如：I didn't know if she would come。 I wasn't sure whether he would do it。Wang Lei said that she would visit

27、 her uncle next Saturday。过去将来时也可以用“was(were) going to +动词原形”来表示。如：I didn't know if she was going to come。 Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。7现在完成时 用法1：表示：过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2：表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词：for, since,

28、 sinceago基本结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have)1)肯定式：主语 + have / has + 过去分词2)否定式：主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词3)一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)4)特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成。如：1)I have finished my h

29、omework. 我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做，到现在已完成)2)He has already come 他已经来了。(过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。)2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在。如：1)I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。(六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。)2)I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我从1990年就在沈阳住。(从1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。)注意) 1.当在肯定陈述句中含有already

30、或just 时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：I have already seen the film. - I havent seen the film yet.He has just come. He hasnt come yet?3.比较过去时与现在完成时 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last wee

31、k，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study

32、, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in t

33、he League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -He's already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 19

34、60）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is

35、 the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后

36、面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, it's the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。 注意

37、：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.8 过去完成时 1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 3.基本结构：had + done. 4.否定形式：had + not + do

38、ne. 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。 6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 2） 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived,

39、 the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本，未能" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was tw

40、elve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writin

41、g, had left答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。注意：had no when还没等 就had no sooner than刚 就 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.动词时态巩固练习50题 ( )1. There _ no hospitals in

42、my hometown fifty years ago. A. is B. are C. was D. were( )2. - Who sings best in your class? - Jenny _.A. do B. did C. does D. has done( )3. - _ the young girl _ the old man clean his room every day? - Yes, she does. A. Does; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helps( )4. - Can I go to Beijing

43、for my holiday, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got( )5. - What does Linda often do in the evening?- She often _ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she _ TV.A. does; watches B. is doing; watched C. does; watched D. is doing; was watching( )6. Our

44、 geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _ around the sun.A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves( )7. If he _harder, he will catch up with us soon. A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied( )8. - Dont forget to ask him to write to me. - I wont. As soon as he _, Ill ask him to wr

45、ite to you.A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming( )9. - Do you like this silk dress?- Yes, I do. It _ so soft and comfortable.A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt ( )11. Mr Lu Xun died in 1936. He _ a lot of famous novels.A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write( )12. - Yo

46、ur telephone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its . A. cant B. couldnt C. dont D. didnt( )13. - How was your weekend on the farm? - Great! We _ with the farmers.A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends( )14. - What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?- He _ a city bus for

47、over twenty-five years.A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives( )15. Jane _ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy( )16. - Liu Mei cant come tonight.- Why? But she _ me she would come. A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told( )17. He turne

48、d off the light and then _. A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left( )18. - Keep quiet, please. They _ a meeting.- Sorry. A. have B. had C. are having D. have had( )19. - Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.- Really? Where _ he _? A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go( )20. Frank _ to see

49、his grandma if he _ free tomorrow. A. will come; will be B. comes; is C. will come; is D. comes; will be( )21. There _ a talk on science in our school next Monday. A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is ( )22. - Shall we go shopping now? - Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing( )23. Hurry up