江西省专升本英语辅导讲义

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1.The author finds out that good intentions alone are not enough when his attempt to be kind to an old man leaves them both feeling worse than before.2.Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of ”ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys,

2、 that lays the ground work for child abuse.The agency, _to set and enforce health standard for American workers, has been promising a cotton dust standard for several years.A .whose job it is B. whose job is C. whose D. whose is3.It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the sur

3、rounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.4. But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of th

4、e decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.我 喜欢   音乐。I   like   music.我 喜欢 

5、;  音乐   以前。I   liked music before.I have some food to eat.I have some eating food. 第一章    句子结构主      谓      宾       定      状  

6、0;   补       表      同位I like music.<主谓宾>I gave you a bike.<双宾>I have a red pen.<定语>He studies hard.<程度状语>程度状语He studies english in the afternoon.<时间状语>时间状语He sings in the classroom<地点状语>He is late be

7、cause he is ill.<原因状语>He goes to school by bus.<方式状语>If you come here he will come too.<条件状语>备注:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中从句不能用将来时He came here to look after me.<目的状语>He got up so early that he caught the bus.<结果状语>He got up so early that he could catch the bus.<目的状语&g

8、t;He came here with a smile.<伴随状语>The Army walked in the street while people were dancing.<伴随状语>Although he is a little boy, he knows a lot. （让步状语） 补语<宾补,主补>I call you Tom .<宾补>I find english easy.<宾补>sb.   sb       

9、0;                      adj.You are called Tom.<主补>I am a student.<表语>I am excited.< 系表结构>同位语<同位主语,同位宾语>You two are foolish.<同位主语>I beat you two.<同位宾语>第二章主从复合句

10、<必须满足:只有一个句号  主句和从句之间必须要有连接词，连接词有两个功能，一是起到连接从句，整体作为整个主句的一个成分，二是连接词本身在从句中单独也做一个成分  从句必须用正常语序>主语从句What your name is is not known.<主语从句>That he came here made us happy.<主语从句> 宾语从句I do not know what your name is.<宾语从句>I find (that) English is easy.<宾语从句>

11、52. The meeting was put off until next week, which was exactly _ we wanted.(06)A) it         B) which              C) that   D) what同位主语从句The news that he will come here makes us happy.<同

12、位主语从句>The result whether the team has won the game is not known.<同位主语从句76. We have to face the fact _ new computer viruses may appear at any time and it can spread across computers in a very rapid speed.（09）A) that           B) it  &#

13、160;          C) which         D) what43. All _ the people want are lasting peace and social progress.(05)A)  what       B)  such      

14、  C)  those D) which50.  The United Nations expressed the hope _ the two sides should soon stop fighting in the area.(05)A)  which        B)  that   C)  what D) when表语从句Money is what I want.

15、<表语从句49. What the doctor advises me to do is _ I must keep talking a well-balanced diet and regular exercises.（09）A) that                 B) whether         C) which    

16、60;              D) what 名词性从句的特例whether 和 if(是否）的区别The question is whether the film is worth seeing <在表语从句中只能用whether不用if>The news whether our team has won the watch is unknown.<在同位语从句中只能用whether>Whether we will atten

17、d the meeting is unknown.<在主语从句中只能用whether>It is unknown whether <if>we will attend the meeting.<当它转换成形式主语时两者都可以用It all depends on whether we will support him.在介词后面只能用whether>He does not know whether to stay or not.<如果是直接接动词不定式只能用whether>He does not know whether (if) he shoul

18、d stay or not.<如果引导的是这种宾语从句两者皆可以用He did not know whether or not she has been ready.<如果是直接跟or not 只能用whether>I wonder if /whether the news is true.<如果引导的是这种宾语从句两者皆可以用He was not sure if/whether it is right or wrong.<参见第四种I do not care if it does not rain.<如果宾语从句是否定句习惯上用if> 状语

19、从句If you come here he will come too.<条件状语从句>备注:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中从句不能用将来时He is late because he is ill.<原因状语从句>He got up so early that he caught the bus.<结果状语从句>He got up so early that he could catch the bus.<目的状语从句>The Army walked in the street while people were dancin

20、g.伴随状语从句I came here when you went out.<时间状语从句I will go where our country most needs me.<地点状语从句I did the thing as you said.<方式状语从句44. He didnt realize he had left the files in his customers office _ he went back to the company.（09）A) if          &

21、#160;        B) until       C) unless         D) since67. He will go abroad to further his study next year _ he gets a scholarship or enough money. （09）A) if        

22、             B) so                  C) till                D) although73. _ she joined the

23、 company only a year ago, shes already been promoted twice.（09）A) Because        B) If            C) Although      D) When42. John frequently attempts to escape being fined whenever he

24、_ traffic regulations.（08）A) breaks         B) is breaking     C) will break D) broke72._we entered the hall, an attendant came up and offered us a list.（08）A) As long as     B) As far as    

25、;   C) As well as D) As soon as78._John is in rather poor health, he can hardly resist catching colds.（08）A) Although        B) Since             C) After D) opposed 51. I _ my breakfas

26、t when the morning post came.（07）A) was having     B) had been having  C) had             D) am having62. _ we were given the right address, we found her house easily.(0607)A) Since       &#

27、160;                B) Although             C) If                    

28、D) So 54. Most of the graduating students have decided to go _ they are most needed.(06)A) where          B) which                  C) what   D) how补语从句I put th

29、e book where it was.<状语从句，也可理解为补语从句A big room定语从句先行词关系词包括关系代词，关系副词关系代词：which that who whose whom as关系副词：where when why限制性定语从句This is the house (which) luxun lived in.=This is the house (that) luxun lived in.=This is the house in which luxun once lived.This is the house where l

30、uxun once lived.<瞻前顾后I saved the boy whose mother is my teacher.He is the man who saved the boy yesterday.He is the boy (whom) the man saved yesterday.I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.=I will never forget the day on which I joined the Army.This is the house where luxun once

31、 lived.I do not know the reason why he is late.45. I dont know _ will make the final decision for our summer trip.（09）A) what          B) which       C) whom       D) who52. In his speech he advi

32、ce to_ was interested in the field of computer science.（09）A).that       B).whoever      C) whom       D) whose79. Each ARS scientist _ proposal was accepted will receive $80000 for two years of high-priority resear

33、ch.（09） A) who           B) whose        C) which         D) what48. As to the election, please give your vote to _ you think you can trust.（08）A) who     

34、   B) whom            C) one D) whoever asHe is as(so) great a painter as ever lived.(asas, soas)I bought such a watch as  is shown on TV.<当such a 修饰先行词时用as>61. We hope that such a book _ is helpful to our research

35、 work is on sale.(05)A)  that      B)  as          C)  which D) tillI bought the same watch as （that）is shown on TV<当the same 修饰先行词时用as>He is a good student, which (as) we all know.< 当在非

36、限制性定语从句中代替前面的一句话时用as或which但一旦提前只能用as>例如：As we all know , he is a good student. 非限制性定语从句I will go to Beijing , where there is a meeting.That 不能用于非限制定语从句He is a good student, which (as) we all know只有非限制性定语从句关系代词whichas才可以代替前面一句话59. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at

37、 the next meeting.（09）A) As                 B) That            C) Which              D) What 61. The mountains

38、 also prove to be a tourist attraction as some of the mountains experience alpine (高山的) conditions, _ leads to ski resorts.（09）A) who              B) which           C) it     

39、;             D) that69. He was looking forward to the time _ he would have to attend the interview.(06)A) where           B) that          

40、   C) why D) when 定语从句的特例特例：一如果先行词是all, sth, nothing, anything 等不定代词时或者先行词被only，最高级，序数词所修饰时，只能用that,不能用which例如：He told us all that he knew.He told us sth that he knew.He bought the first watch that was produced by the factory.He bought the most expensive watch that was produced b

41、y the factory.二如果先行词又有人又有物只能用that例如：She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons that none of us has ever heard of.三that 在下面情况下做了关系副词例如：I do not like the way that you speak to her.在这里that 可以换成in which 或者不填四、but 在定语从句中的用法（只能用于限制性定语从句，且必须同具有否定意义的主句连用，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物，but在意义上等于“thatno

42、t”，“whonot ”，“whichnot”）There was not a single student in my class but(who did not) learnt a lot from him.我班上每一个学生都从他那里学到很多东西。五、what 不能引导定语从句He told me all what he knew .（错误)He told me what he knew.或者He told me all that he knew.<定语从句>宾语从句但注意what在如下情况下也可充当关系代词：1、 用于“what is (was)+形容词比较级”结构

43、中，what是关系代词，泛指上文或下文，意为“更.,尤其. ”。这种结构通常用作插入语。如：He attended the contest and what is more surprising, won a gold medal.2、what money=all the money thatThe father gave what money he had to his son.六、We often advise him not to drink more wine _ is good for his health.A. as B. than   C. that

44、 D. ButHe smoke more cigarettes than were normally available七、there be 引导的限制性定语从句She knows the difference there is between good and evil.第三章           时态和语态<主要是指谓语动词>一.时态现在时 (1)一般现在时He likes music.(2)现在进行时He is doing the housework.(3)现在完成时

45、He has finished the work.(4)现在完成进行时He has been studying English for six years.注意：The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.The house has been in bad repair since he moved out .The house has been in bad repair since he has lived in it.I havent eaten snails since I was a student at Indiana

46、 University.I havent eaten snails since I left Indiana University.I havent eaten snails since I have been a student at Indiana.过去时(1)一般过去时He watched TV last night(2)过去进行时He was doing his homework at this time yesterday.(3)过去完成时<过去的过去>He had worked for six years before Marry joined the Army.(4)

47、过去完成进行时He had been working for the factory before Marry joined the Army. 将来时(1)一般将来时I will study English next week.I shall study English next week.I am going to study English next week.I am about to study English next week.I am to study English next week.区别:will 和 be going to, be about to, be t

48、o 的区别如:If the metal is heated, it will expand.I am going to study English next week. I am about to study English next week.I am to study English next week.区别:be going to , be about to ,和be to 的区别如:Look , so many black clouds , it is going to rain.当有预先征兆的时候我们应该用be going to. (2)将来进行时I will be stu

49、dying English at six o'clock tomorrow.如果是将来的一个具体时间我们可以用将来进行时.(3)过去将来时He said,"I will study English next week."He said that he would study English the next week.(4)将来完成时We will have finished the work by next year.43. By the end of last month, we _ on this project for more than 6 weeks.（

50、09）A) have worked   B) had worked   C) are working   D) will work68. By the time you get there this afternoon, the film _.(0607)A) is to start         B) is starting          C) will st

51、art        D) will have started44.  We plan to finish the work on the 15th of next month. By then, we _ for ten weeks.(05)A)  are working   B)  have been worked   C)  were working D) will have worked60. &#

52、160;By the end of this year, it _ 16 years since the emergence of the World Wide Web as an electronicpublishing vehicle.(05)A)  has been      B)  will have been        C)  will be D) had been特例:He is

53、always speaking to his mother like this.当表示一种埋怨和责备语气的时候用现在进行代替一般现在时. 二.语态主动语态I wrote a letter yesterday. I will write the book.被动语态The letter was written by me yesterday.The book will be written by me.56. The professor was so popular that he _ with enthusiasm.(07)A) always listened to 

54、0;                    B) always was listenedC) was always listened           D) was always listened to 特例: I made him cryHe was made to cry by me. I h

55、eard him sing the song yesterday.He was heard to sing the song by me yesterday.第四章     非谓语动词原形     过去式     过去分词    现在分词    动名词   动词不定式do        did   

56、     done       doing       doing      to do非谓语动词包括: 动词不定式, 动名词, 分词<现在分词,过去分词>动词不定式作主语和表语:To see is to believe.作宾语:I like to do homework this morning.作同位主语:Our plan, to go to the park is pu

57、t off.作同位宾语:We put off our plan to go to the park.作状语:I came here to look after my father.作补语:I let you do this work. I asked you to help me.作定语:<后置定语>There is something to do.从上面这些例句我们可以看出谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:I am sorry to have troubled you so long.60. The girl was reported _ missing for a mont

58、h.(07)A) to be                         B) to have                C) having      

59、       D) to have been 66. Robert is said _ in a Japanese company as a salesman for many years.(06)A) have been working     B) to work       C) be working D) to have worked        

60、               谓语动词非谓语动词时态参见第三章一般式:to do完成式:to have done语态参见第三章一般式:to be done完成式:to have been done否定式先加助动词再加not直接在前面加not : not to do 现在分词过去分词时态进行完成语态主动被动动名词：作主语和表语:Seeing is believing.作宾语:I like swimming.作同位语:Our plan, going

61、to the park is put off.作定语:a reading room   a swimming pool注意:动名词不能作状语和补语分词<在词性上属于形容词>作表语:The thing is exciting. I am excited.作补语<使役动词和感官动词>I had the desk repaired.  I heard him sing the song yesterday.I heard him singing the song at this time yesterdayI heard him bea

62、ten yesterday.作定语:a flying bird. a developing country. an exploiting class.a developed country. an exploited class.作状语(1)The students stood up as soon as they saw the teacher come in.Seeing the teacher come in , the students stood up.<一般式,主动>(2)The metal will expand as soon as it is

63、heated.Heated, the metal will expand.                   <一般式,被动>(3)After he failed for three times, he didn't try again.Having failed for three times , he didn't try again.<完成式,主动>(4)After h

64、e was kept out of the door for an hour, he was let in.Having been kept out of the door for an hour, he was let in.<完成式,被动>I have finished these tasks.These tasks have been finished.51. _ on time according to the instruction, these pills will be quite effective.(06)A) Taking   &#

65、160;     B) Being taken        C) Taken D) Having taken 52.  _ in Shanghai for more than ten years, she knows the city very well. (05)  A)  Having been lived       B)  Li

66、ved    C)  Having lived D) Living独立主格结构(1)The army was walking in the street while people were dancing.People dancing, the army was walking in the street.(2)He lay on the ground while all his ribs were broken.All his ribs broken, he lay on the ground.（3）The earthquake h

67、aving destroyed everything, they became homeless.(4) So much money having been spent,he will be punished. 非谓语动词的特例:有些动词后面如果加动词的话必须用该动词的动名词形式 如:avoid (避免) admit(承认) consider(认为) acknowledge(承认) deny(否定)detest(深恨) dislike(讨厌) enjoy, escape(避免) fancy(想象) finishfacilitate(使容易,使便

68、利) include(包括) keep ,mind(介意) misspostpone(推迟) practise , resent(憎恨) risk(冒险) shun(躲避) suggest(建议)mean(意味着)53. If theres a book youve really enjoyed _, please recommend it to your friends.（08）A) to read      B) reading        

69、0;      C) to be read D) being read 59. I really very much appreciate _me that great favor yesterday.（08）A) you to do       B) you do     C) you doing D) your doing43. The manager promised to keep me _ of how the ex

70、periment was going on.（08）A) to inform                                           

71、0; C) being informedB) informing                                             D)

72、informed 有些动词后面如果加动词的话必须用该动词的动词不定式形式 to do如:ask, advise(建议) afford(提供) aim(瞄准) arrange(安排) attempt(企图)choose, care, claim(声称) decide , decline(下降) demand(要求) deserve(值得) desire(愿望) determine(决定) expect(期望) fail, hope, learn, manage(设法) mean(打算) neglect(忽视) refuse, prepare(准备) plan, wish, s

73、eem , undertake(从事) pretend(假装) 有的两者皆可接 , 但意思有重大区别(1) remember, forget, regret(遗憾)I forgot to post the letter.<要发这封信>I forgot posting the letter.58. The management regrets _ you that your contract will not be renewed next month.（09）A) informing        &#

74、160;    B) to inform        C) inform            D) informed73. I regret _ you that we are unable to offer you the position.(07)A) informing         &

75、#160;       B) having informed C) to inform         D) to have informed (2)love, like, hateI like playing basketball.<习惯性>I like to play basketball this morning.<一次具体的行为>(3)go on ,stopFirst he told us the importan

76、ce of the work , then he went on to tell us how to do it.<继续做另外一件事>(4)try ,meanI tried to pass the exam.<努力去做>The doctors are trying using a new kind of medicine to cure the patient.<试着做>I mean to do the thing.<打算>Missing the bus means walking to the school.<意味着> 有些动词 allow(允许) , permit(允许) , forbid(禁止) ,advise, consider(认为