英语六级长难句

1、考研英语阅读难点及应对之历年长句解析An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom / on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.（1999 年真题 ）【分析】句子主干是由divides.and.（使对立）搭配连接而成。两个those后面的分词短语作

2、定语修饰 those 。句子主干为： An invisible border divides those and those.【翻译】一种看不到的鸿沟，把那些主张为了学生有更好的职业前景而把电脑引入课堂的人和那 些主张为了获得彻底教育革新更广泛理由而把电脑引入课堂的人的观点对立起来。Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinctionindeed,contradictionWhich goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign / to putcomputers

3、 in the classroom.（1999年真题 ）【分析】句子主干为： Very few writers have explored this distinction.“on the subject ”介词短语作状语修饰 “very few writers ”,“which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom是定语”从句修饰 “ this distinction 的。 ”【翻译】很少有作者在这个问题上去探究这种差异，实际上，他们是互相矛盾的。而这种差异

4、正 是探究把计算机引入课堂运动问题的关键。But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between havinga job and not. （1999年真题 ）【分析】 本句不难，重在对 since 引导从句的理解， 这里 since 是表示因果关系的连词，表示 “因 为”，诸如此类比较隐蔽的因果关系的连词还有a

5、s, as表示原因，可译为 由于，鉴于”女口： As hewas not well, I decided to go without him（因为他病了，我决定一个人去）。【翻译】但是，对于一小部分学生而言，职业培训也许是一种很好的途径，因为，在其他条件相 同的情况下，拥有良好的技能对他们找工作结果的影响是不一样的。The fact / that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree / answered the question / he had been asking himself about thos

6、e larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. （1999年真题）【分析】句子主干： The fact answered the question.“that the apple fell down toward theearth and not up into the tree， “he”had been asking himself about those larger fruits ofthe heave ns, the moon and the pla nets分别是 the fact 和 the questi on

7、的同位语，对其进行说明。【翻译】苹果向下落到地面而不是向上飞到树上，这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大 天体 月球和行星所存在的疑问。It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists / who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there /should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the oth

8、er eye is on the microscope. （1999 年真题 ）分析】句子主干为： It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientistsshould not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register whilethe other eye is on the microscope. “ who know exactly where they are going and how they will get

9、there 是定”语从句修饰 “ scientists 的。”【翻译】审记员们完全有理由相信，那些确切地知道他们的目标和实现方法的科学家不应该由于 一边做着科学试验一边需要盯着经济利益而分心。The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number ofoff-spring means / that natural selection has lost 80% of its power inupper-middle-class India / compared to the tribes. （200

10、0 年真题 ）【分析】句子主干为： The grand mediocrity of today / means that / natural selection haslost 80% of its power in upper-middle- class India. “ everyone being the same in survival and number of off- spring ”是插入部分，是对 the grand mediocrity of today 的一个补充说明。 “ compared to the tribes 分词短”语作状语，修饰 “ that 引”导的宾语从

11、句，表示 that 引导从句所说 明的情况在 the tribes 同样地发生了。 （ 这里注意 compared to 与 compared with 的区别。compared to侧重于表达 相当于、等同于"的含义；compared with侧重于表达 与相比较"的含义。 ）【翻译】今天的普通大众，每个人有着同样生存机会和同样数量的后代，这意味着，自然选择在 印度上流社会已经失去了 80% 以上的影响，在一些部落里情况也是一样。However amazed our descendants may be at / how far from Utopia we were,

12、theywill look just like us. （2000年真题 ）【分析】 该句理解难点在于分清 however 和 how 引导的是疑问句还是感叹句。 这里两者引导的，只不过前者表达的语气更加是两个感叹句充当状语从句 (however 和 how 表示感叹语气 “无论强烈些 ）【翻译】不论我们的后代对我们距理想状态之遥远感到多么惊讶，他们的长相将和我们一样。In the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorpor

13、ate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.（2001 年真题 ）【分析】 对于 if 引导的状语从句的理解方法， 我们可以采用两遍法。 首先从主句到从句顺读一遍， 然后先从if从句开始，再由从句到主句逆读一遍，含义自然就明了（increasingly越来越 ）。【翻译】在 20 世纪，区域地质学研究只有在包含并思考范围更广泛的地质学问题时，才会越来 越被专业人员所接受。（注： picture ，这里是引申用法，指情况或研究的问题。 ）For the women of my generation / who were urged to k

14、eep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s / is not so much a search / for the mythical good life growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one /as apersonal recognition of your limitations. （2001年真题 ）【分析】本句主干由 not so much.as.（其准确的翻译应为与其不如”，而这种翻译成中文之后通常让人产生理解上的障碍。这

15、种搭配出现在客观试题的阅读文章中，通常可以直接把它 理解成 不是而是”，让句意更加清晰）固定搭配连接构成的一个长句。定语从句“who wereurged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s ”修饰 “ the women ofmy generation 。”插入部分 “ growing yo ur own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one ”，是对 “ the mythical good life 的具体说”明。 句子主干为： For the

16、women of my generation is not so much a search for the mythical good life as a personal recognition of yourlimitations.【翻译】对于我们这一代曾在整个 80 年代为生活奔波的女性来说， 90 年代中期过着放慢生活 节奏的生活， 与其说是追求神话般的美好生活 自已种有机蔬菜， 冒着变得毫无生机的危险 倒不 如说我们都认识到了自己的局限。 （ 注： one 指代 vegetable ，引申是精神上像植物一样没有生气的 人。 ）Downshifting also known in A

17、merica as“ voluntary simplicity has, iro”nically,even bred a new area of / what might be termed / anti-consumerism.（2001 年真题 ）【分析】由于插入成分，句子显得稍长。对于有插入成分构成的长句，首先要忽略插入成分，直 接理解主句，然后再理解插入成分。插入成分通常是对紧邻的前一句内容的进一步说明，在理解插入 成分时，应该结合所说明的内容一起理解。句子主干为： Downshifting has bred a new area of / what might be termed /

18、 anti-consumerism.【翻译】颇具讽刺意义的是， “放慢生活节奏 ”，在美国被称为 “甘愿简朴 ”的生活方式居然产生出 一个可称为 “反消费主义 ”的新领域。I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will / after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She / after a build up of stress, /that abandoning the doctrine of “ juggling your life” , /and making the al

19、ternative move into“ dnogwsnswhitihftiintg ” brfar greater rewards than financial success and / social status. （2001年真题 ）【分析】本句状语较多，再加上多个并列动名词短语充当宾语从句的主语，导致句式较长，难以 形成连贯的语义。理解方法是学会断句和抓主干。本句主干是由 discovered 后面带一个宾语从句构 成。主干为： I have discovered that / abandoning the doctrine of“ juggling your life”,/andm

20、aking the alternative move intodownshiftingbrings with it far greater rewards thanfinancial success and / social status.“ as perhaps KelS是y伴随W状语从句的主干，“ afterher much- publicized resignation from the editorship of She / after a build up of stress是两个并列介词短语作状语修饰 “as perhaps Kelsey will”， “abandoning th

21、e doctrine of ,jugglingyour life?, /and making the alternative move into ,downshifting?是两个并列动名词”短语充当宾语从句的主语。【翻译】我发现，放弃那种 “忙碌地应付生活 ”的信念而选择 “放慢生活节奏 ”会带来比金钱和社会 地位更大的回报。经受过长期巨大压力，凯尔西从女性杂志编辑部退下来之后，恐怕她也将与我 有同样的发现。I have been transformed from /a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“ havingall ”, preach

22、ed by Linda Kelsey / for the past seven years / in the page of She magazine, into a woman / who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. （2001年真题）【分析】本句是由transformed o.（ 从转变为）固定搭配连接构成的长句。句子主干为： I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“ having it all” into a

23、woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.“Linda Kelsey ，”分词作定语修饰 “ the philosophy of ,having it all? 。“ who is h”appy to settle for a bit of everything 定语”从句修饰 “ woman”。【翻译】我已经从 “拥有一切 ”哲学的积极倡导者， 转化成一个对一切浅尝辄止就心满意足的妇女。过去七年里琳达 凯尔西在女性杂志再三宣扬这种哲学。It identifies the under- treatment of pain / an

24、d the aggressive use of“ineffectual andforced medical procedures / that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” /as the twin problems of end-of-life care. （2002年真题 )【分析】本句主干部分是由identifyas.（把识别为）固定搭配连接构成的。同时identifies 后面所接的两个并列宾语成分 (the under-treatment of pain， the aggressive use ofineffec

25、tual and forced medical procedures)增加了句子的理解难度。句子主干为： It identifiesthe undertreatment of pain / and the aggressive use of“ ineffectual and forced medicalprocedures / as the twin problems of end-of-life care.定语从句 “ that may prolong andeven dishonor the period of dying，修饰”“ the aggressive use of ,ineff

26、ectual and forcedmedical procedures? 而不”是 “ the under -treatment of pain and the aggressive use of,ineffectual and forced medical procedures?，这里要学”会对定语从句所修饰词语范围的限定，通常结合文中的句意来确定。【翻译】该报告把对病痛处理不力和坚持使用无效及强制性医疗手段从而有可能延长病人死亡时 间，致使病人临终时痛苦不堪，确定为临终护理方面存在的两大问题。The American spymaster / who built the Office of

27、Strategic Services in the World WarII / and later / laid the roots for the CIA / was fascinated with information. (2003年真题 )【分析】句子主干为： The American spymaster was fascinated with information.“whobuilt the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II / and later / laid the roots forthe CIA 是”定语从句，

28、修饰 “ The American spymaster 。 ”【翻译】这位在第二次世界大战中建立了战略情报局且后来为中央情报局奠定基础的美国间谍头 子对信息收集非常痴迷。Physicians frustrated by their inability to cure the disease / and fearing loss of年真题 ）hope in the patient too often offer aggressive treatment / far beyond what is scientifically justified. (2003插入部分分析】句子主干为： Physi

29、cians too often offer aggressive treatment.“ frustrated by their inability to cure the disease / and fearing loss of hope in the patient 是分词作定语，修饰 physicians 。介词短语 “ far beyond what is scientifically justified作”定语修饰 “ aggressive treatment ”。【翻译】内科医生由于不能治愈疾病，同时担心病人失去希望，常常采取极端大胆的治疗方法， 这些方法远远超出了科学许可的界限

30、。A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. (2005 年真题 )【分析】 句子主干： A bill is a promising start. “ which would offer financial incentives for private industry 是修”饰 “ a bill 的定”语从句。【翻译】来自西弗吉尼亚州的民主党参议员罗伯特伯

31、德提出的一项议案是一个很有希望的开端，该议案提出将对私人企业给予财政上的奖励。The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep when most vividdreams occur as it is when fully awake.(2005年真题 )【分析】句子主干由as.as.(和一样)固定搭配构成。句子主干：The brain is as activeas it is when fully awake.介词短语 “during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep作状语”修饰“ activ

32、e ，”时间状语从句 “ when most vivid dreams occur 修饰”“ REM (rapid eye movement) sleep ”。翻译】大脑活动在眼球迅速运动的睡眠时期中同完全醒时一样，最生动的梦境就出现在那时年真题 )With much practice / people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. （2005【分析】句子主干： people can learn to do it in their sleep. 本句难点在于 literally 的理解， 表示 “客观地， 实际上 ”。 “with

33、 much practice ”， with 引导的介词短语作伴随状语， 修饰整个句子。【翻译】多加练习的话，人们就真能在睡眠时控制梦境了。American no longer expects public figures, whether in speech or in writing, tocommand the English language with skill and gift. （2005 年真题 ）【分析】句子主干： American no longer expects public figures to command the EnglishIanguage with ski

34、ll and gift.“ whether.弓.0导.状语从句，表示无论是还是”。【翻译】美国人不再指望公众人物在演讲或写作中娴熟地运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语。John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservativeviews, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formalEnglish. （2005 年真题 ）【分析】本句主干由see.as.（把看作）连接构成。句子主干：

35、John McWhorter seesthe triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formalEnglish. “ mixed liberal and conservative views 分词短语作”定语，修饰 controversialist 。【译】约翰 麦克沃特是位喜欢争辩的语言学家， 他的观点混杂着保守派与自由派的看法， 他认为,20 世纪 60 年代反文化传统的得势是造成正式英语水平下降的原因。It?s not obvious / how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numericalpatterns / suits one to answer q