高一英语教案：必修一专项复习

1、高中英语讲义高考英语六选四专项复习、本节内容一）六选四体裁一是描述性结构叙文）；，主要介绍事物、 问题或倾向的特点， 因此时间、 地点常是出题重点 （记二是释意性结果，解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用比喻、类比阐述（说明文） ；三是原因性结构明文）；，主要分析事物的成因，有客观的、主观的，也有直接的、间接的（说四是比较性结构，把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比（议论文） ；五是驳斥性结构 ，主要是先介绍一种观点， 然后对其评论或驳斥， 再分析其优缺点、 危 害性，最后阐明自己的观点（议论文） 。二）选项特点1. 主旨概括句（文章整体内容）2. 过渡性句子（文章结构）3. 注释性句子（上

2、下文逻辑意义）（三）解题步骤1. 阅读全文，了解大意；2. 细读各个空的前后句，标记关键词；在阅读文章的开始部分、 明确文章的基本话题以后， 要阅读四个空的前后句， 并将前后 句中的解题线索， 即关键词标记下来。 关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组 （如带有形容 词的名词词组），专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。2. 阅读各个选项，尤其是选项的首句，标记关键词；3. 比较并匹配上述两类关键词，确定答案；4. 区分相似项；该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子 （上下文逻辑意义）三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例 如主旨概括句要么

3、过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结 构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。5. 将确定的答案代入原文，看读起来是否通顺。记忆口诀： 文章标题猜大意段首段尾主题句空前空后逻辑性同义举例与对比代词冠词大小写标点符号关键词相似句式或排比多个条款要对应（四）衔接手段6 选 4 考查的是语篇的连贯性和一致性， 因此就要使用到各种达到连贯目的的各种衔接 手段，即： 词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接 。一）结构衔接根据空格的位置判断1. 若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句或承接上段的衔接句这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结， 反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。 读 后文内容， 锁定线索

4、信号词， 然后在选项中查找相关特征词。 关注每段首尾句， 了解大意知 主题。2. 若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词 如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。 段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。 注意在选 项中查找表示结果、 结论、总结等的信号词， 如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真

5、阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后 一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、 对比的关联词， 同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、 对比关系。 如 果第一段的段尾是空白， 要认真阅读， 看此处是细节还是主题。 通常文章第一段要提出文章 的主题。3. 若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。(二) 逻辑衔接根据前后文逻辑关系判断1：因果关系 (Eg: As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such) ) 因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系， 这种关系往往说明了前因后果 或

6、者前果后因等情况。2: 转 折 关 系 (Eg: However / nevertheless/ nonetheless/ though/ yet/ in spite of/on the contrary /in contrast /by contrast/ in comparison / otherwise / not.but)转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。 如果空格前后两句话之间是 逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。3：并列关系 (Eg: first / second/ third / to begin with /to conclude) 并列关系主

7、要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。4：递进关系 (Eg: also/ furthermore / similarly / moreover/ in addition / what' s mor)e 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。 如果空格前后两句话之间 是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。5: 例证关系 (Eg: such as /for examples/One of the examples is)前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。 例证的形式多样， 但就其本质而言无非是 思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，

8、用到的思维过程无非就是基本 的归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子) 。三) 词汇衔接从词汇关系上判断1. 代词英语表达中代词出现的频率极高， 代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词 概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题 。例如 it 可指代单数名词或整个句子； they 或 them 指代复数名词； one 指代单数可数名词； that 指代 不可数名词或句子； this 指代单数名词或句子 ;these 或 those 指代前句的复数名词。2. 同义词 / 反义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、 近义词、 近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用， 这 是我

9、们解题的一个很好的判断线索。 其实就其本质而言， 上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下 义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义 /近义词。3. 同一范畴词（上下义词）上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者， 或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。 利用前 后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。 你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近 的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。课堂精讲 】A. At any rate, the report didn't offer any spending measures to protect the reef or new ta

10、rgets to reduce pollution.B. However, it paints a worrying picture of the scale of protecting the 1400-mile-long reef, and may severely understate the cost of doing so.C. The study said the scale of the investment required matches that of the challenge.D. The practice may speed erosion （ 侵蚀 ） and ca

11、n lead to more sediment flowing into the Pacific Ocean.E. That announcement precedes a government report on the health of reef and the government's management of threats to it.F. The study, released in July, said the cost for meeting targets along the length of the reef would be $6.1 billion, to

12、 be spent over ten years.Climate change and the flow of farm chemicals and coastal sediment （ 沉物 ） into the waters that wash over one of Australia's most significant nature areas, the Great Barrier Reef （大堡礁 ）,are the biggest threats to its survival, according to a government report to UNESCO（ 联

13、合国教科 文组织 ） released on December 2.The report was intended to reassure UNESCO that those risks were well managed and thatthe reef should not be placed on an "in danger" list. (67)The report also ignores plans by the Queensland State government to allow the development of one of the world

14、9;s biggest coal mines about 200 miles from the reef, and it denies the possibility that pollutants from the mine could damage the reef. Besides, it doesn't mention that the Queensland Parliament rejected laws to prevent land clearing. (68)Meanwhile, scientists reported that the reef had suffere

15、d the worst coral bleaching ( 珊瑚白化 ) and die-off ever recorded, with stretches of its northern reaches dead after the coral was bathed in warm summer waters. That's why the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (世界遗产委员会 ) has called for a long-term management plan to ensure the reef maintains the Worl

16、d Heritage status it received in 1981.The Queensland government commissioned ( 委托 ) a study to estimate the costs of achieving water quality targets that would significantly improve the reef's health. (69) That figure was sharply higher than the roughly $1.5 billionthe state and federal governme

17、nts said would be spent over the next decade on all measures to protect the reef.The federal and Queensland governments said the study's overall cost estimate included "some very expensive high-risk actions," like nearly $4.2 billion for measures against erosion in one valley to preven

18、t the flow of sediment into the ocean. Removal of that big-ticket item brought the study's report closer into line financially with the government report to UNESCO. (70) It is likely to draw sharp criticism from environmentalists.Keys 】BDFA解题分析 】1、首先通读全文，了解大意。这篇文章第一段主要讲的是一份政府报告指出澳大利亚大堡礁生存的最大的威胁。

19、第二段指出报告的目的。第三段指出报告的忽视、否认和未提到的内容。第四段讲科学家报到了大堡礁遭受的严重性，所以世界遗产委员会要求管理计划。第五段关于政府想知道通过提高水质改善大堡礁健康的花费。最后一段讲采取措施的花费太高。2、阅读空格处前后句，标记关键词。 （标记处）3、阅读选项，标记关键词。 （划线处）4、开始做题。67题位于段尾，所以还需要看下一段的第一句。这里第3段的“ also”就是关键词，说明上一句也是跟此句一样讲的是 report 的消极内容，而空格前一句讲的是 report 的积极内容， 所以在此形成转折关系， A 、B 都是这方面的内容，但逻辑衔接词只有B 是转折， at any

20、 rate“不管怎么说”表进一步说明。68 题位于段尾，所以还需要看下一段的第一句。空格前面讲的的 report 的消极行为， 下一段 meanwhile 提示这里表并列， 后面讲的是大堡礁遭受的问题， 多以空格处应该也是填 问题，故选 D 。69题位于段中，根据后面的 figure 提示此处要填有数字的选项，选项中有 2 个有数字， 后面可以看出要填价钱且比 1.5 billion 大的数字，故选 F。70 题位于段中，根据前面讲花费大，但后面说会引起环保人士的批评，说明没有解决 措施，故选 A 。专项练习(1)A. One of the authors concluded that we

21、should accept boredom “to enhance our creativity ”.B. Their ideas were rated more creative than those of 40 people who didn 't do the boring task first.C. Being bored might lead to negative attitude towards life and harm people both physically and mentally.D. They were also more likely to rate t

22、heir health worse and to be less active.E. They think it can remind them to be active and do something meaningful.F. The authors concluded that people would rather do something unpleasant than nothing.Boredom traditionally has a bad reputation. In 2009, a study of 7,524 civil servants found that tho

23、se with the highest levels of boredom were nearly 40% more likely to have died by the end of the 25-year trial, compared with those who weren 't bored. (1).The authors speculated( 推测 ) that boredom and inactivity 1night drive people to drink more heavily and smoke -activities not related to long

24、 life.只要坚持 梦想总会实现5高中英语讲义Boredom is often defined as a state of dissatisfaction with the dullness of a situation -usually with a bit of restlessness and extreme tiredness. So it may seem strange that researchers are suggesting boredom might have benefits and indeed be an evolutionary insurance scheme

25、 ( 保 障系统 ) for making us seek new experiences. A series of studies from the University of Virginia, published in the journal Science in 2014 found that 18 out of 42 students who were left in a room with nothing to do for 15 minutes gave themselves at least one mild shock on the ankle to relieve the

26、boredom. (2). So whatever happened to daydreaming? A study from theUniversity of Central Lancashire links a period of boredom with heightened creativity immediately afterwards. It is not the most forceful study: 40 people copied numbers from a telephone book for 15 minutes and then had to come up wi

27、th different uses for a pair of cups. (3). Another group, who read the numbers, were even more creative with the cupsthan those who wrote them out. (4).(2)A. If you approach fathering as one more task, one more job, you almost guarantee that it will not be an enjoyable one.B. But the closer the rela

28、tionship you have with your child, the more likely your child will continue to identify with you.C. You will, therefore, have the ideal opportunity to provide challenging and stimulating interactions.D. Your child also presents you with an opportunity to grow.E. A father who gives so generously comm

29、unicates his love and respect for his child.F. In either case, your child will be less motivated to interact with you in the future.The more time you spend with your children, the better you will understand their emerging abilities. Those fathers who spend little time with their children frequently

30、either underestimate or overestimate the developmental progress of their sons and daughters. If you underestimate your child 's ability, you won 't provide adequate challenge or stimulation. Your child will be bored. If you overestimate your child 's skills, your unrealistic expectations

31、 will prove to be a frustrating and unpleasant experience for him and you. (1).The more time you spend with your children, the more realistically you will be able to assess their capacities and the more aware you will be of their particular talents and sensibilities.(2) .Your time is precious to bot

32、h you and your child. Your willingness to give your time to him sends a message: You are important. (3). And if you, the person your child respectsmost in the world, believe he is worthy of your undivided attention, your child will feel respected.Your child is exposed to many influences. And the old

33、er he becomes, the n1ore he is likely to 只要坚持 梦想总会实现7高中英语讲义adopt his peer group 's frame of reference. (4). You will, therefore, be in anadvantageous position to pass down your positive values and increase the likelihood that they will be accepted.Don 't waste time blaming yourself for what

34、you have or have not done with your children to this point. It is understandable that, to the extent you have not built a closer relationship with your child, you will perhaps feel helpless now. The good news is that it is not too late.(3)A. Complexity helps, too.B. However, the complicated password

35、s may help improve users ' memory.C. But there is hope for users whose brainpower is already stretched thin.D. And it is also important to change passwords often.E. In spite of all this, users must still remember a master password that grants them access to their sensitive data.F. Even for users

36、 with only a handful of passwords, following that advice is a tall order indeed!As the number of passwords Internet users create increases, people find themselves struggling to follow the advice of security experts. Consider the common password-related advice: Create unique passwords for each site,

37、make each password at least eight characters long, and don't forget to change those passwords every few months. (1).Thankfully, there issome good advice for creating, memorizing and managing passwords that can help users protect their passwords and their data from hackers.When it comes to passwo

38、rds, the longer, the better, as longer ones are harder for hackers and their computers to crack. (2). Including a variety of keyboard characters, numbersand upper- and lower-case letters makes passwords much harder to crack. Typing an eight-character password composed only of lower-case letters and

39、numbers into shows the password could be cracked by a supercomputer in less than a second. But that same computer would need a thousand years to crack a 14-character password composed of upper- and lower-case letters, numbers and special keyboard characters.Unfortunate

40、ly, the features that make passwords strong also make them hard to memorize.(3) . One can make passwords more memorable by using passphrases instead.Passphrases feature strings of words that hold meaning for the user but appear as nonsense to everyone else. For example, sportscarflowermountain will

41、have people scratching their heads while reminding the user of her Hawaiian vacation. To make that passphrase more secure, she could insert random characters between the words. A stronger passphrase would be SportsCar#5FloWer89mouNTain2, a 29-character password that would theoretically keep asuperco

42、mputer occupied for billions of years!In addition, several dedicated password management programs are available to remember users'passwords for them. Many, such as LastPass, are free to download and offer password management services such as creating passwords, storing passwords and pointing out

43、 weak passwords. Some, such an Dashlane even log in for users and alert them whenever a site they frequently visit has been hacked. (4).1. DFBA2. FCEB3. FACE强化练习(4)A. The researchers then had a group of 178 outside observers rate the photos for attractiveness.B. The study isn 't the first one to

44、 focus on the negative sides of the selfie craze.C. It also puts them in control of their own image.D. They were also photographed by the researchers.E. This isn 't news, but those feelings are greatly strengthened when people take selfies.F. They refused to define themselves as narcissistic.If

45、you like filling up your WeChat Moments with selfies (自拍 ), you might want to changethe habit now. A new study suggests that you are probably not as beautiful as you think you are, and posting your face all over the Internet isn 't giving the world the best impression.The study was conducted by

46、researchers from the University of Toronto. The scientists gathered 198 college students. One hundred of these students were selfie-lovers, while the other 98 were non-selfie-takers. These students were asked to take a selfie fit for social media. (1). As a result, each participant had a selfie and

47、a standard picture.With these pictures in hand, the students rated how attractive they thought other people would find them. (2). The result: Both selfie-lovers and non-selfie-takers thoughtthey would be seen as more attractive in their photos than they were seen by the outside group. Besides, the r

48、esearchers found selfie-lovers were far more likely to be regarded as narcissistic ( 自 恋的 ). The researcher suggests that not only do people think they are hotter than they actually are, but taking selfies also greatly decreases people's opinions of you.只要坚持 梦想总会实现13Then, why do so many people l

49、ike taking selfies? It comes down to a well-known psychological phenomenon called “self-favouring bias ( 偏心 )”, which states that “people tend to think they are better than others. ” (3).When taking selfies, people have almost all possible control because they can adjust the angle of the shot, the f

50、ilter ( 滤镜 ), when they post them to social media and every other aspect. The study suggests that this causes people to have a more narcissistic personality.(4). Last year, researchers from Ohio State University said that maleselfie-lovers tend to show signs of mental disorder.Maybe it 's time t

51、o cool the craze down. After all, your WeChat friends probably know what your face looks like. There is no need to remind them dozens of times a day.(5)A. Apart from influencing athletic ability, being overweight affects young people 's mental health.B. There are currently a few initiatives in p

52、lace that could help combat this problem.C. While it sounds like a good idea, the course should only be a part of a largermovement to maintain ahealthy body through changes in diet and lifestyle.D. Aside from that, working out with like-minded people can provide moral support.E. With this in mind, w

53、e can see that such classes should only be the first step of many when it comes to solving the obesity problems in China.F. Due to the current cultural views on obesity there is a significant need for anti-obesity education.Obesity is a problem often associated with North America. However, China is

54、proving that East Asians are having issues battling the problem as well. In fact, it is estimated that there are over 40 million obese people in China. To address weight problems of its students, Nanjing Agricultural University is offering weight reduction classes in which the student who loses the

55、most weight gets the highest mark. (1).Given the many complications that come with it, it 's not hard to realize that obesity is a problem that needs to be acted upon. It was not long ago that a plus size student in Nanjing University fainted during a 1,000-meter race and died tragically. He was

56、 168 centimeters and 92 kilograms, which was not exactly an ideal shape for competitive racing. (2). In fact,depression and social anxiety often go hand in hand with obesity along with heart and breathing problems.In terms of motivation, signing up for a course like the one offered in Nanjing Agricu

57、ltural University is very likely to inspire individuals. It 's like signing a contract for a goal that promises rewards and recognition. (3). Meanwhile, students get college credits for completing只要坚持 梦想总会实现the course by submitting a paper related to weight loss at the end of the semester.Howeve

58、r, there's also a dark side to offering a course that resembles the plot of a reality television show. While entertaining and possibly inspiring for students, this course could lead to an extreme lifestyle change. As a result, there is no guarantee that students will still keep their new found g

59、ood habits with respect to eating and exercising after the course is completed.(4) . The goal should be to find out the reasons why people become overweightand change people's habits in general instead of focusing on the effects.4. DAEB5. CADESales StrategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective