2020届高考新课标理科综合考试说明：英语题型示例(Word版,含答案解析)

1、精品资料普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语样题第I卷第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMost animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership（伙伴关系）which

2、 is good forboth of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites（ 寄生虫）on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage w

3、ithout each other, they do better together.Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals（ 珊瑚）of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants which act as "dustmen", taking some of the wa

4、ste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from receiving light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.21. Some birds like to sit on a sheep because.A. they can eat its parasitesB. they en

5、joy travelling with the sheepC. the depend on the sheep for existence D. they find the position most comfortable 22. The underlined word "they" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to A. birds and parasitesB. birds and sheepC. parasites and sheepD. sheep, birds and parasites2

6、3. We learn from the text that corals depend on plants for.A. comfortB. lightC. foodD. oxygen24. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?A. Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B. Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C. Some plants depend on each othe

7、r for food.D. Some animals live better together.BThe idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but that's exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.Car makers' research and development laboratories have already proved that mixing in more n

8、oise with the help of loudspeakers can reduce the unwanted noise.Physicists have known about the technique for a longtime. Sound is made up of pressure waves in the air. If two sound waves of the same frequency（频率）mix so that the highest point of one wave happens at the same time as the lowest point

9、 of the other wave, the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle（周期）,we can kill the unwanted noise. Using this technique many carmakers are racing to develop noise-killing systems（系 统）both inside and outside the cars.Another good t

10、hing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer; this not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less fuel and work better.Some engineers believe that the noise-killing system will be used in most cars within a few years. But the carmaker

11、s haven't decided if they will put it into production because it would add several hundred dollars to the cost of their cars.25. Which of the following gives a general idea of how the noise-killing system works?A. By producing pressure waves going in the opposite direction.B. By mixing high freq

12、uency sound waves with low frequency sound waves.C. By mixing new sound waves with the noise and sending them out together.D. By making copies of the unwanted sound waves and letting them out a little later. 26. Besides its main use the noise-killing system can.A. make a car lighterB. make a car qui

13、eterE. reduce the cost of a silencerD. improve the performance of a silencer27. The noise-killing system is not yet popular mainly because A. it is still being tried outB. drivers still have their doubtsC. it increases the cost of car production D. carmakers are not sure if it is necessaryCDuring th

14、e summer holidays there will be a revised schedule（ 修改过的时亥U表 ）of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged（安 NE） ,willbe posted

15、each Wednesday outside of the student club.In the summer holidays, buses going to the town centre will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to7:00 pm during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 pm on weekends. T

16、he library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 pm.All students who want to use the library lending services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week's stude

17、nt newspaper.28. The main purpose of this text is to.A. tell students of important schedule changesB. tell students of new bus and library servicesC. show the excellent services for studentsD. ask students to renew their library cards29. At which of the following times will the bus leave the main ha

18、ll?A. 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00B. 8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30C. 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00D. 8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 12:3030. In the summer holidays, the library will have _A. no special hoursB. special hours on weekdaysC. special hours on weekendsD. special hours both on weekdays and weekends31. We may infer t

19、hat during the summer holidays A. few students will stay in the universityB. no breakfast will be served on weekendsC. the student newspaper will sell more copiesD. there will be a concert or a film each WednesdayDEVENTSBicycle tour and raceA bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat.

20、& Sun.). At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tian'anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next 55-kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive ( 竞争性的 )part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changl

21、i.The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside at Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometers. Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper. Sunday morning is free at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing.Cost: 200 yu

22、anTelephone: 4675027Brazilian footballersThe Brazilian Football Club will play Beijing Guo'an Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26.The club has four national team players. Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.Ticket prices: 60,100,150

23、 yuanTime/Date: 4:30 pm, August 26(Sat.)Telephone: 5012372Rock climbingThe Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-27 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it. A Japanese tea

24、m will give an exhibition of climbing. Free for spectators ( 观众).Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou.Time/Dates: 9-12 am, August 26 and 27Telephone: 7143177, 7144850, Wang Zhenghua32. The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about A. visiting teamsB. fam

25、ous playersC. things to do for the weekendD. prices to pay for the sports events33. The underlined word "leg" in "Bicycle tour and race" probably means _A. raceB. practiceC. part of the trainingD. part of the tour34. What is special about the rock climbing competition?A. A foreig

26、n team takes part in it.B. You don't have to pay to watch it.C. You don't have to be a sportsman to take part.D. The bus trip to the place of the competition is free.35. If you want to find something to do just for Saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call?A. 4675027B. 7143177

27、C.5012372D.7144850阅读理解命题分析1 .长度：阅读材料一般较为简短，最长不超过350个单词。2 .题材：比较丰富，有日常生活、科普、人物传记、历史、地理等。3 .体裁：较为广泛，有记叙文、说明文、应用文等。4 .来源：广泛，各类书籍、报纸杂志、活页宣传材料等。阅读理解考查能力分析阅读理解能力是指对文章整体和局部信息的理解和掌握情况。1 .整体信息：文章的主旨要义；作者的态度、意图；上下文的逻辑关系等。2 .局部信息：分散于文中的特定信息。阅读理解解题步骤1.通读全文，掌握大意；2.问题先行，阅读随后；3.仔细审题，重点再读4.全面理解，归纳推理；5.分析验证，确定答案阅读理解

28、解题策略1 .细节理解题查读法。多注意 who, what, when, where, why, how 问题。(1)直接信息题：从题干中找关键词一快速通篇阅读 一定位与关键信息词相关的信息句一仔细核对，比较内容 一找到答案。(2)间接信息题(语意转换题)：四个选项不出现原文中的直接信息，而是借助于同义转换、 概念解析、归纳事实等对原文信息进行适当转换。2 .主旨大意题(1)分类：主题类；标题类；作者意图类(2)主题句定位：用浏览法(skimming)。浏览时，一般不用逐句细看，只选读文章的首段、尾 段，或每段的首句、尾句即可。主题句大多出现在文首、文末或中间，主题句首尾呼应较为常 见。(3)

29、正确选项特点：通常不含细节信息或意义绝对的词；能概括文章的全部内容。(4)干扰项的特点：主题变大；断章取义；以偏概全；无中生有；似是而非3 .推理判断题(1)细节推断：运用泛读(scanning)方法，迅速确定推理依据的位置或范围。(2)综合推断：综合考虑上下文，把握作者的写作思路，通过作者阐明的问题或观点，推断因 果关系、文章发展脉络、作者的深层观点等。4 .词义猜测题(1)通过上下文信息猜测；(2)通过定义猜测；(3)通过同位关系猜测；(4)通过转折或对比关系猜测；(5)通过因果关系猜测；(6)通过句法功能猜测；(7)通过构词法猜测。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，

30、从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。36 This was not because the woods and fields were always far away, but because they were too far from the city to permit people to make a day trip between morning and nightfall.37 He decided to turn his little school house into a dormitory( 宿舍楼)for the summer holida

31、ys. Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the school house was much too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. 38 This was the first hostel（ 青年招待所）.Today,

32、young students and workers of every country can meet in the hostel and get to know each other. When young people arrive at the hostel, they have only to show their cards of membership in a hostel organization in their own country. 39Often, at the evening meal, a group of boys and girls from various

33、parts of the country or world will happen to meet at the same hostel. They may put their food together and prepare a dinner with many kinds of dishes. Sometimes a program will be organized after the meal with dances, songs, or short talks followed by a question period. 40 For this reason, a few week

34、s spent "hosteling" can be just as useful a part of one's education as classes in school.A. In 1970, a young German school master had an idea which changed this situation.B. People can stay in the hostel if they brought enough equipment with themC. One can learn a lot about other place

35、s, just by meeting people from those places.D. As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle nearbyE. For years, children in the industrial areas of Europe seldom left their cities to see the beauties of the countryside.F. More and more young people went to the hostel for summer holidays.G. T

36、his card will permit them to stay in a hostel all over the world for very low prices.七选五命题分析1 .体裁：多是说明文和议论文。2 .设空类型：段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节理解类、段落总结类。3 .考查重点：句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，主题归纳。 七选五解题五步骤1.找全文主题句，整体把握；2.找各段主题句，做好铺垫；3 .查看七选项，找关键词，注意衔接标志，筛选代入；4 .全文检查：内容完整，语意通顺，逻辑关系合理；5 .查看被排除选项，进一步确定排除理由七选五解题四技巧：1.句意判断法；2.词汇锁定法

37、；3.关联逻辑法；4.设题位置法 第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45分）第一节：完形填空（共 20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Washoe is a young chimpanzee（黑猩猩）.She is no 41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing research 42 her. They want to see how civilized（驯化）she can 43 . Already she can do

38、many things a human being does.For example, she has been learning how to exchange 44 with people. The scientists are teaching her 45 language. When she wants to be picked 46 , Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger 47 she wants to brush her teeth. This is done after eve

39、ry meal.Washoe has also been 48 to find answers to problems. Once she was put in a 49 with food hanging from the ceiling. It was too high to 50 . After she considered the 51 ,she got a tall box to 52 . The food was still too high to be reached. Washoe found a 53 pole. Then she climbed onto the 54 ,

40、grasped（抓取）the pole, and 55 down the food with the pole.57Washoe 56 like a human, too. The scientists keep her in a fully furnished house. After a hard in the lab, she goes home. 58 she plays with her toys. She 59 enjoys watching television before going to bed.Scientists hope to 60 more about people

41、 by studying our closest relative the chimpanzee.41. A. foolishB.simpleC. specialD. ordinaryD. by42. A. forB. onC. to43. A. experienceB. changeC. developD.become44. A. actionsB. viewsC. messagesD. feelings45. A. humanB. signC. spokenD. foreign46. A. outB. atC. onD. up47. A. whenB. untilC. sinceD. wh

42、ile48. A. trainedB. raisedC. orderedD. led49. A. holeB. zooC. roomD. museum50. A. pullB. seeC. eatD. reach51. A. problemB.positionC. foodD. ceiling52. A. stand byB. stand onC. stand upD. stand with53. A. straightB. strongC. longD. heavy54, A. wallB. boxC. ceilingD. pole55. A. knockedB. pickedC. took

43、D. pulled56. A. livesB. worksC. thinksD. plays57. A. taskB. lessonC. timeD. day58. A. ButB. ThereC. SoD. Besides59. A. quiteB. alreadyC. evenD. still60. A. seeB. answer完形填空命题分析C. learnD. gain1 .考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况，突出在语篇中对词汇的综合运用能 力。不涉及或极少涉及单纯的语法知识、习惯用语、句型结构。2 .选材内容生活化，心灵鸡汤、具有教育意义的文章居多。3 .记叙文为主，说

44、明文、议论文、夹叙夹议文为辅。完形填空解题步骤1.细读首句，启示全文； 2.速读全文，掌握主旨；3.前后联系，仔细辨析；4.全面复查，修正答案完形填空解题方法1 .根据上下文线索；2.根据逻辑推理；3.根据惯用法及词语辨析；4.参照文化背景，根据生活常识第n卷注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，？茜分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 （be

45、） late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 （disappoint）. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65 （catch） my attention. He was ridi

46、ng beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66 （stop） until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67 （ride）. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the

47、 door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation Then the driver stood up and asked," 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ? "A woman on the bus shouted, "Oh dear! It's 69 （I）."She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began

48、 talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 70 （sudden） became friendly to one another. 语法填空考查能力 1.语篇阅读、语篇理解的能力。2 .句子成分分析、句子结构分析的能力（词形转换、词性转换、并列连词、从属连词）。3 .固定结构、固定短语（冠词、介词的填写）。4 .逻辑推理能力。5.单词拼写能力。 语法填空解题技巧1 .给出提示词的空提示词是动词，分析句子结构：a.若是谓语，要考虑时态、语态和动词第三人称单数。b.若是非谓语，根据句子成分、固定搭配等考虑to d

49、o/doing/done。c.有时填写该动词的名词形式，甚至其形容词或副词。提示词是名词，要考虑名词复数或该名词的形容词、副词。提示词是形容词，要考虑其副词或它的比较级、最高级。提示词是副词，要考虑其比较级、最高级或其形容词。提示词是人称代词，要考虑人称代词、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词的 转换。2 .没有提示词的空（只填一个词）冠词：泛指、特指，固定短语中的冠词。介词：动介搭配、形介搭配、介词短语。it作形式主语、形式宾语。固定句式及搭配。并列连词and, but, or, so。从属连词 what, which , who, where, when, how, because

50、, why 等。上下文语境角度。此类型题目偶尔涉及。如 2015年全国卷I （62题before/earlier）。第四部分：写作（共两节，满分 35分） 第一节：短文改错（共 10小题；每小题1分，茜分10分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下便条。便条中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（A）并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Dea

51、r Bob,I saw your note yesterday afternoon since I came back from school. You suggested that we go to concert this Friday evening. I'm sorry but I will be visit my uncle that day. He is going to Canada to do him PhD, and leave China this Sunday. I think I should say good-bye for him.I'd reall

52、y like to go to the concert. I knew the performances will continue until next weekend, so how do you think about going next Friday evening? Please let me know that we can go together then. Give me a phone at 12300456.'Thanks.Li Hua第二节：书面表达（满分 25分）假定你是李华。你和几个朋友约定星期天在人民公园野餐。你们的英国朋友Peter也应邀参加。请你根据下

53、面的示意图，给他写封短信，告诉他进公园后如何找到你们。汪思：1 .词数100左右；2 .开头语已为你写好。June 1stDear Peter,We're so glad you're coming to join us on Sunday. Here is how you can find us.Li Hua短文改错考查能力发现、判断和纠正语篇错误的能力，主要是：词法和句法错误、行文逻辑错误。短文改错设错形 式1 .多词：一般为1个。多冠词、介词、不定式符号。2 .缺词：一般为1个。缺冠词、介词、不定式符号。3 .错词：都是语法错误、没有单词拼写错误。名词单复数错误；动词时态

54、、语态以及主谓一致错误；分词、动名词、动词不定式错人称代词的格用错；代词前后指代不一致；形容词、副词混用；并列连词、从属连词误用。书面表达类型提纲类、图表类、图画类。高水平写作秘诀1.掌握简单句五大句型。2.巧用并列句和复合句。3.灵活运用固定结构。4.熟练进行简单句或复合句和非谓语结构之间的转换。5.妙用承接、过渡词语。书面表达写作步骤1 .审题立意：审文体、审人称、审时态、审要求2 .列出要点3 .遣词造句：开门见山，揭示主题；自然过渡，行文流畅；确定要点，准确表达； 句式多变，增加亮点；首尾呼应，画龙点睛4 .仔细检查：格式、人称是否正确；内容要点是否齐全；语法点是否出现错误5 .规范誉

55、写参考答案第二部分：21. A22.B23. D24. A25.D26.A27. C28. A29.B30.C31.B32.C33. D34.B35. C36. E37.A38.D39. G40. C第三部分：41. D42.B43. D44. C45.B46.D47. A48. A49.C50.D51.A52.B53. C54.B55. A56. A57.D58.B59. C60. C61. being 62. and 63. disappointed 64. to 65. caught 66. to stop 67. riding 68. Did69. me/mine 70. suddenly第四部分：第一节：Dear Bob,I saw your note yesterday afternoon since I came back from school. You suggested that wewhengo toA concert this Friday evening. I'msorry but I will be visit my uncle that dayHe is going toLi HuatheCanada to do him PhD, and A leave China this Sunday. I think I shou