1初中英语名词用法精讲精练公开课

1、初中英语名词用法精讲精练A.名词的意义从英语语法角度来讲,表示人物、时间、地点、事物或抽象概念的词,我们通常称为名词.例如：teacher,desk,Japanese,milk,physics等.B.名词的种类总的来说,英语中的名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类.A. 专有名词：表示人、地方、组织、事物、机构、等专有名称的名词.专有名词的第一个字母要大写.例如：Lucy,Shanghai,theCommunistPartyofChina,theUnitedStates等.B. 普通名词：表示某一类人或事物或表示一个抽象概念的名称的名词.例如：worker,boy,machine等.普通名词又可

2、分为以下四类：1.个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的名词.例如：man,pencil,chair,cat2. 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称的名词.例如：class,policefamily,furniture,team等.3. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名词.例如：rice,glassgrass,water,porridge等.4. 抽象名词：表示状态、品质、动作、情感等抽象概念的名词.例如：lifelove,safety,happiness等.C. 名词的数名词的数是数量概念的语法表现,具体说来,是指名词的单数和复数两种形式,名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数

3、名词两种.个体名词和大多数集体名词一般是可数名词；物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词,表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数两种形式；表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫不可数名词,一般不分单数和复数,初中阶段学过的不可数名词有：news,paper,milk,orange桔子汁,bread,chalk粉笔,truth事实,water,rice米,work,housework,homeworkluck,ink,meat,money,sugar,grass,ice等等.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,不可以个数计算,要表示这类名词的个体性质应用单位词.1. 例如：apieceofbread/cak

4、e/chalk/ice/meat/music/news/paper/work/sugar；abitofbread/grass/news/trouble/wood;abottleofink/milk/orangejuice;aglassofbeer/milk,acupoftea等.D.名词的复数可数名词由单数变为复数形式,其构成方法分为规那么和不规那么两种.A规那么变化：（1） 一般情况下,在词尾加-s,例如：boy-boys,car-cars,book-books,train-trains,girl-girls.（2） 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词,在词尾加-es,例如：bus-buses,

5、box-boxes,watch-watches,wish-wishes.3以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,把y变成i再加-es,例如:country-countries,factory-factories.4以元音字母加y结尾的单词,直接在词尾加-s,例如：day-days,boy-boys.以f或fe结尾的单词,把f或fe变为v,然后再加-es,例如,leaf-leaves,life-lives.6以o结尾表示有生命食物的名词,加-es,例如potato-potatoes,hero-heroes.7以o结尾表示无生命事物的名词,力口-s,例如,radio-radios,piano-pianos.B

6、不规那么变化：1.单数、复数形式相同如：deerdeer鹿,sheepsheep羊,fishfish,ChineseChinese,peoplepeople,Japanese-Japanese.2. 改变单数名词中的元音字母如：footfeet,toothteeth,manmen,womanwomen.3.含有man,woman的复合名词的变化如：EnglishmanEnglishmen,policewomanpolicewomen,FrenchwomanFrenchwomen,fishermanfishermen.4.其他变化如：childchildren,mousemice老鼠,Russi

7、anRussiansCanadianCanadians,AustralianAustralians,German一Germans.IndianIndians.当名词做定语时数的变化当名词做定语修饰名词时,该修饰词永远都是单数,除了man,woman.例如；agirlstudentfivegirlstudents,ashoeshop一shoeshops;amandoctortwomendoctors,awomanteacherwomenteachers.C名词的所有格在英语中有些名词可以加's来表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者、动作承受者等意义,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格.

8、1 .一般在名词的词尾加"'s"这种形式来表示.例如：thegirl'schair,mysister'spen,today'spaper.如果复数名词词尾以s结尾,一般加"：例如：Theboys'kites,theworkers'factory,twohours'walk不以s结尾的复数名词要加"'s"这种形式来表示.例如：women'sshop,thechildren'sstudy.2 .表示无生命的东西的名词除了时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等无生命的东西或不能加

9、's的名词,通常都采用“of十名词的结构表示所有关系.例如：thegateoftheschool,thewindowsoftheclassroom.3 .表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of词组表示所有格,特别是在名词较长,名词有较多或较长的定语的时候,常采用of词组表示所有关系.例如：thestoryofM.Smith,thedogoftheeight-year-oldgirl.5.假设一样东西为两人共有,那么后一个人名用所有格；如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,那么两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数.例如：LilyandLucy'sfatherisaworker.莉莉和露丝

10、的父亲是工人.Lily'sandLucy'sfathersarebothworkers.莉莉的父亲和露丝的父亲都是工人.(一一)写出以下名词的复数形式.1.bag2.orange3.factory4.wish5.leaf6.knife7.key8.baby9.tooth10foot11.woman12.sheep13.Indian14.Japanese15.potato1619二radio17.child18.fishFrenchman20.mandoctor二选择填空.1.Thedaybeforeyesterdayshetoldmenews.A.agoodB.suchagoo

11、dC.sogoodaD.apieceofgood.6.7.Iwon'tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotoftodoA.worksB.jobC.workD.workingwillconquer征服nature.A.ThemanB.AmanC.ThemenD.ManLiLeiisafriendofA.IsisterB.mysister'sC.mesisterD.mysisterofHaveyouread?A.today'sB.todaypaperC.thetoday'spaperD.today'spaperTheoldwo

12、manfeedsfourA.piggsB.pigesC.pigsD.pigThereareseveninaweek.A.dayesB.daysC.daiesD.day8.GradeThreeisdividedintoseveninourschool.A.classB.classesC.class'sD.class'9.Howmanyarethereintheroom?A.boxesB.boxC.boxsD.boxxes10Thereallkindsofinthisshop.A.are；watchesB.be；watchesC.is；watch'sD.are；watchs

13、11Hismotherboughttwoyesterday.A.brushsB.brushseC.brushesD.brush12Manyhavebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987A.factorysB.factoriesC.factoryesD.factory13Therearelotsofinthebasketonthetable.14Whosearethse？AphotoBphotoesCphotosDphotoss15 ThecatcaughttwoAmousesBmice16 JackwenttohavetwoafternoonAtoothsBtooth17 Th

14、eleaningtowerisabout180AfeetBfoot's18 TherearemanyAsheepsBsheeplastnightCmouseDmicespulledoutyesterdayCteethDtootheshighCfootsDfeetsonthehillCsheepesDsheep's19. TherearesixandfifteenAmans；womansBmen；womenCmen；womansDmans；women20. Inourschooltherearefifty-fiveAwomenteachersBwomanteachersCwome

15、nteacherDwoman'steacher21. Comeon,children.Helpyourselvestosomeifyoulike.A.fishandchickenB.fishandchickenC.fishandchickensD.Fishesandchickens22. Thewomanoverthereismother.A.TomandJackB.TomandJack'sC.Tom'sandJackD.Tom'sandJack's23. DayisonSeptember10th.A.TeacherB.Teachersinthiswor

16、kshopAtomatosBtomatoCtomatossDtomatoesC.Teacher'sD.Teachers24. Thesearebooks.LiLinboughtsomeattheSunBookstoreandJillboughtsomeattheBlueSkyBookstore.A.LiLin'sandJillB.LiLinandJill'sC.LiLin'sandJillD.LiLin'sandJill's25. March8thisDay.A.Woman'sB.Women'sC.Wmans'D.Wome

17、ns'26. TodayisDay.A.Mothers'DayB.MotherDayC.Mother'sDayD.MothersdayKey:I.1.bags2.oranges3.families.以辅音字母十y"结尾的单数可数名词变复数时,将y变为i,再加es.4wishes.以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的单数可数名词变复数时,后加es.5leaves.以fe结尾的单数可数名词变复数时,将其变为ves.6.knives7.keys8.babies.同3.9teeth.不规那么变化.初中局部所学过的单复数可数名词不规那么变化的还有：childchildre

18、n,fishfishes,womanwomen,sheepsheep,manmen,policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,EnglishwomanEnglishwomen.10.feet11.women12.sheep13.Indians.类似的还有：Russians,Canadians,Australians,Germans.14.Japanese.类似的还有Chinese,其单复数同形.15.potatoes.16.radios17,children18,fishes.fish的复数可以是fish,也可以是fishes.fishes指不同种类的鱼.

19、"fish作鱼肉"解是不可数名词.19.Frenchmen20.mendoctors.man和woman作定语变复数时,要与名词中央词一起都变成复数.如：menteachers男教师,womensoldiers女兵.II.1.paper纸,papers报纸,论文2.work工作,works著作、工厂3.good好,goods货物4.time时间,times次数5.sand沙子,sands沙滩6.water水,waters流动的水7.glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜8.ground地面,grounds根据、理由9.green绿色的,greens青菜10.colour颜色,

20、colours颜料III.1,Jim'sbike2.UncleWang'sbike3.Teachers'Day4,JimandKate'sfather5.afriendofmyfather's6.fiveminutes'walk7.Children'sDay8.amapofChina9.theendofabed10.today'shomework11.children'sstorybooks12.atmyaunt's13.atthedoctor's14.afewyears'time15.mysist

21、er'sfriend'sbookIV.1. .Aoquestion指需要答复的问题"；problem指需要解决的问题“、雉题“、数学题.2. B.between指在两者之间"；among指在三者以上之间among也可指在三者以上诸物体的两者之间3. Bo这三个词都可表示也,但用法不同.too和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too多用于句尾,also多用于动词be、助动词之后,实义动词之前.either主要用于否认句.4. Bolend意为借出",borrow意为借入5. Bo这四个动词都和说"有关,但其含义和用法各不相同.say强调说的内容

22、.如：Whatdidhesayatthemeeting?他在会上讲什么了？speak意为说"某种语言,发言、演讲"talk意为谈论、交谈"强调说的连续性.如：Theytalkeduntilitgotdark.他们一直谈到天黑.tell意为告诉",强调表达、讲述",多带双宾语.6. Bo这三个词都和看有关.look强调看的动作；see强调看的结果,即看见",而read那么指看书报纸,即阅读.7. Aointeresting意为"物有趣的"；interested指"人感兴趣的8. Aohaveto意为必须、不得不,强调客观需要；must意为必须、应该",强调主观愿望.9. Bo这两个词都可做是否"讲,引导宾语从句.但在"whetherornot."结构中,一般用whether,不用if.10. Co注意cross意思与across相近,都是横越、穿过",但cross是动词,不能与go连用.选B也不行,由于不能说gointhebridge.along是沿着之意,