中考英语客观型阅读理解

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上考点归纳就具体命题而言，阅读理解题的考查内容应主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 理解主旨和要义2. 理解文章的具体细节3. 进行简单的判断和推理4. 根据上下文推测生词的意义5. 理解文章中具体信息（包括图文转换的信息）1. 细节理解题细节理解题是中考阅读理解中主要考查的类型，通常占50%以上的分值。其宗旨是考查学生对文章中的细节和具体事实的把握能力，内容涉及询问事实，原因，结果和目的等，属于浅层次的理解题，难度较低。同学们往往需要在有限的时间内运用略读，扫读，跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文-段落-词语的步骤来

2、解题。主要考法有：1. 列举信息处常考文中first, second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等出现的地方，常会要求学生从所列举的内容中选择符合题干要求的选项2. 举例和打比方处常考要注意那些引出例子或比喻的标志词，如：as, such as, for example, for instance等，因为这些词是作者为了使自己的观点更具有说服力而引用的具体事实的，这些事例就是常考的细节之处.3. 指示代词出现处常考常用来考查学生是否真正的了解上下文句子之间的逻辑关系4. 引用人物论断处常考作者为了正确表

3、达自己的观点或使论点更有依据，常会引用某些权威人士的论断或其重要发现。5. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考标点符号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步说明或解释，因此注意到这些标点也就注意到了细节，这些标点符号有：破折号，括号，冒号，引号等另外，细节理解题的选项也有特点：通常正确答案不是照搬原文，而干扰选项正好相反。有的来自原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。有的符合常识，但不符合原文内容。有的与原句内容很相似，只是在程度上有些变动，有的与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反，也有的是部分正确或部分错误的。2. 推理判断题推理判断题是根据材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知信息。推理不是凭空推测，是在已知信息的基础上对未知的

4、内容作出的推测。选项的特点是：1. 正确选项的特点正确答案一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如：often, usually, sometimes, some, any, can, possibly, probably等。正确答案有时与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。2. 干扰选项的特点只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当成间接推理看似从原文推断出来的结论，实际上与原文不符根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推论而得出的观点虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过

5、头，概括过度3. 主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中的重点和难点，是中考的必考题型之一。它主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文章深层理解的程度及在速读中把握文章主旨大意的能力。主旨大意题往往针对段落或短文的subject主题, main idea中心思想, title题目, 或purpose目的来命题。这类题目要求学生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题句，要求能较好的运用概括，判断，归纳等逻辑思维方法。常见的提问方式有：大意类：1. What s the passage main about?2. The main idea of the passage is _3. The passage is m

6、ainly about _标题类1. What is the best title for the passage?2. The best title for this passage might be_3. The best headline for this passage could be _目的类：1. The authors main purpose is to _2. The passage is meant to _3. The purpose of this article is to _4. 猜测词义题英语阅读理解题中，常出现一定数量的生词，并且每年中考总会有猜测词义的题目，

7、其特点是对生词，短语，指示代词和句子的意思进行猜测。目的是在考查学生根据上下文推测生词，短语含义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力，猜测词意的提问方式：1. The underlined word “.”refer to/means _2. According to the passage, the phrase “.” suggests_3. By saying “.”, the author means _4. The expression “.” is closest to _方法指导 解题思路点拨1. 细节理解题解题方法1. 跳读查找法这种方法的要点在于先看题干，然后带问题读文章。

8、以what, who, where, when, why, how等提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题目可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确性，节省宝贵时间。同时特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的转换。根据近几年的中考情况来看，很少有直接能用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，通常是要进行语义转换，包括同义变换，概念解析，归纳事实等例：A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wa

9、snt built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.Even so, travel isnt difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. Peop

10、le in Venice move from place to place by boat. They like to enjoy the scenery(风光）and cool summer nights while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along.Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1500 years ago, and built hom

11、e there.Venice _ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1500 years ago.A. change into B. Used to be C. Became D. Developed from 2. 排除法 排除法常用于排序题型中，也属于事实细节题的一种题型，它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词，如：first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等词。在做细节排序题的时候，首先要确定首尾的答

12、案，通常的四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似，正确的答案往往在这两个选项中选择，找到两者的不同之处，回到原文，进行核对。Born in Ghana, West Africa, in 1989, Freddy Adu has become one of the most promising young soccer players in the world. Soccer fans have been crazy about him since 2003, when he became the youngest player to join a professional sports team i

13、n the United States.As a child, Adu did what many children in Ghana love to do -play soccer. His mother recognized her sons talent and encouraged it by providing soccer balls, which were expensive for them.Education was very important to Adus mother, and she wasnt sure that her son could receive a g

14、ood education in Ghana. So she tried hard and moved to Maryland, US in 1997 when he was 8 years old. His new school friends soon noticed his talent for soccer, and the parents of one friend encouraged him to join a soccer club.Adu did finish high school at the age of 14. Nowadays, he is playing prof

15、essional soccer and living with his mother in a house he bought for her. His salary with D.C. United team is $ a year, and Adu is also paid to advertise such as sports shoes and drinks.Which is the correct order of the following events?A. Adu became the youngest professional soccer player in the USA

16、.B. Adus family moved to the United States.C. Adus mother noticed his special ability to play soccer.D. Adu is paid to advertise sports and shoes.A. b-c-d-a B. a-c-b-d C. d-c-a-b D. c-b-a-d 3. 简单计算法 解答这类题目时，首先要弄清楚题干的要求是什么，然后再找到相关的数字，在对他们进行分析，整合，最后得到正确答案。If Li Ying and her parents take K471 back to X

17、iangtan, how much will they have to pay for the tickets?A. 570 yuan, B. 594 yuan, C. 540 yuan细节题阅读时要特别注意：阅读时利用这类关键词和词组that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等，把握文章的思路和脉络。另外，在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词least, always, never, all, none, any和表示唯一性的词汇only, just，往往是命题的陷阱。必须以原文提供的事实，细节和逻辑关系为依据，切记把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观

18、点，看法混为一谈。文章中的文字，日期，时间都是设题的重点，此类提问很少是文章中表层出现的文字和日期，通常是要做简单的计算2. 推理判断题的提问方式和解题方法1. 推测隐含含义（1） 常见的设问方式 the writer suggests that_ the story implies that _ we can infer from the passage that _ according to the story, what will probably happen next?（2） 技巧点拨全面分析忠实原文不要选择表层信息We seem to believe that people wit

19、h similar habits or hobbies will share similar attitude and we are more likely to be accepted by people like ourselves or even, we think we may be safer with people who look like us. Sometimes thats true but its a pity if we always stick to the same people ,the same group. The danger in always stayi

20、ng in our comfort zone(舒适区） is that we just recycle the same opinions, the same tastes and the same ideas. We lose the chance to learn something new, find out about interesting things, hear funny stories and discover difference. People like staying in their comfort zone because they may _A. Remain c

21、omfortable and specialB. Be accepted easily and feel safeC. Find out more interesting thingsD. Discover differences among themselves2. 推测作者的观点和态度（1）常见的设问方式 what is the authors attitude towards ? the authors aim is in the authors eyes, the author believes/suggests that（2）技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词，副词，动词及所举的例

22、子，推断出作者的弦外之意。1. Ive been working as a professional clown(小丑）for nearly two years. I changed jobs because I wanted to do more in life than make people laugh. What if I could help people, too?As a clown,I try to encourage sick people in hospital to laugh and smile. I dont earn much money as a clown, b

23、ut I feel very lucky to work with such brave, wonderful patients.2. I became a laughter yoga teacher more than two years ago.Now I still improve peoples health, but everything else is completely different. Everyone has fun in a laughter yoga class, including the teacher!.But did you know that its an

24、 excellent kind of exercise? You move your whole body when you laugh! Sometimes I worked with famous people. Its true that being rich can be stressful! Some famous people can be unpleasant at times, but I try to change their bad feelings.It can be learned from the passage that both writers think of

25、their jobs as _.A. Happy moments to learn from other peopleB. Great chances to make themselves well-knownC. Rich experiences of acting on the stageD. Good ways of making people happy and healthy3. 推断写作目的（1）常见的设问方式 考查整篇文章的写作目的The writers purpose of writing the passage is to _. 考查某处细节或某段的写作意图The write

26、r uses the example of to show that _.（2）技巧点拨不同的文章有不同的写作目的，但写作目的通常有以下三种： to entertain readers, to make people laugh, to tell an interesting experience（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类文章to persuade readers, to sell a product or a service, to attract more visitors/readers/audience（说服读者接受某种观点），常见于广告类文章 to inform reade

27、rs （告知读者某些信息），常见于科普类，新闻报道类，文化类或社会类文章Here is a case that shows the benefits of animals. John was a six-year-old mute. He had no physical problems. He just refused to talk. His old cousin, Ned, had a parrot called Sally, and John used to visit it. When he arrived, Ned used to say, “Hi, John!” We all k

28、now parrots copy what they hear. After a few visits, Sally began saying “Hi, John!” when John came into the room. Then, one day, John turned to the parrot and replied “hi sally”. Staying with the parrot encouraged John to begin talking.The purpose of Paragraph 3 is to _.A. Show how animals can help

29、with illnessB. Discuss the problems of keeping petsC. Describes how to train animal helpersD. Introduce some new medical research4. 推断文章出处（1）常见的设问方式 the passage is most likely to be taken from _. where would this passage most probably appear? the passage is most likely a part of _.（2）技巧点拨 有survey等字眼

30、的文章，一般体裁都是新闻报道（news report）, 多数出现在newspaper中 广告也多出现在newspaper或magazine中 科普类文章多出现在science book或science magazine中 一些说明书或有关tips的文章大量出现在guide book中 文章中带有“www com， click here, update”等词，暗示这是个网站 其他经常出现的文章出处还包括TV/Radio program, a story book, a menu等等。例1， 2014年天津卷（主题句在开头）How green are you? Do you know how t

31、o be green?.Here are some ideas for you.ReduceReduce means use less.ReuseReuse means use again.RecycleRecycle means change things into something else.So please remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.The passage may come from _.A. Menu B. A dictionary C. A storybook D. A magazine3. 主旨大

32、意题解题方法每篇文章都有它的写作结构，如果我们能够找到主题句，就能轻而易举的把握文章的中心大意了。1. 寻找主题句，一般来说，文章的主题句有以下几种位置， at the beginning, at the end, at the beginning and at the end, in the middle of the passage, no clear topic sentence2. 排除干扰项，一般来说，干扰项有以下特点， 主观臆测， 并非作者的观点， 范围过大，过于笼统， 范围过小，以偏概全， 文中未提及，仍找不到出处例1， 2014年天津卷（主题句在开头）How green are

33、 you? Do you know how to be green? We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste very day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment.Here are some

34、ideas for you.ReduceReduce means use less.ReuseReuse means use again.RecycleRecycle means change things into something else.So please remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.The passage may come from _.A. Menu B. A dictionary C. A storybook D. A magazine例2：2014年北京卷（主题句在结尾）Have you ever

35、 wondered what goes through your mind when you choose where to sit in a new classroom? Or in a waiting room full of strangers? Or on a bus? Researchers have found out some interesting facts.Perhaps unsurprisingly, we prefer to sit closer to people like ourselves.We seem to believe that people with s

36、imilar habits or hobbies will share similar attitude and we are more likely to be accepted by people like ourselves or even, we think we may be safer with people who look like us.When we always stick to the same people, how can we ever break down the barriers which prevent us from getting to know pe

37、ople with different ideas?.Move out of your comfort zone. Go and sit next to someone different. And dont just sit there in silence. Say hello. Ask a question. Start a conversation. Thats how we make friends. Thats how we learn about people. Thats how we open our minds to new ideas. Thats how we live

38、 an exciting life.What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us just to be ourselves in social lifeB. To introduce ways to learn about the worldC. To explain how people communicate with othersD. To encourage us to meet people of different kinds例3：2014年北京卷（主题句在开头和结尾） Teens want structure in their

39、lives, which means they want their lives well-planned. To begin building structure, teens need love and trust. They need to know their parents are there to give them needed love and support. Teens want to be sure that nothing can prevent parents from shouldering their responsibility for them- not th

40、eir growing maturity, misbehavior, not anger at something they have done. Teens want parents to keep control while allowing them to make some decisions. They are some ways you can help your teens create reasonable structure and remain close. . The most important things to remember are: talk with you

41、r teens, listen to their worries and offer suggestions when needed. This will help your teens to live a well-organized life.What is the best title of the passage?A. Training teens to become responsible adultsB. Helping teens to build reasonable structureC. Improving the relationship with your teensD

42、. Stepping into your teens secret world例4：2014年山东烟台卷（无明显主题句） Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1200 ot

43、her things. About every two weeks he created something new. Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age. When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became

44、 a newsboy on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his ti

45、me in experimenting his first patent in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always

46、 worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The function of the electric lightB. E

47、dison and his experimentsC. The importance of inventionsD. The whole life of Edison.4. 猜测词义解题方法1. 定义法一般指通过理解分析定义，定语从句或同位语从句来确定词义，常见的谓语动词有：be, be called, be considered, deal with, define, mean, refer to, represent, signify, that is, to be等例1:2014年四川宜宾卷Sometimes westerners may take you out to dinner i

48、n a restaurant and it does not necessarily mean that he is going to pay the bill at the end of the meal. He might want you to “go Dutch”, which means each person pays his own bill.The underlined part “go Dutch” means “_” in Chinese.A. 去荷兰 B. 去Dutch这家餐厅 C. 实行AA制 D. 请客2. 复述推测法根据复述内容来猜测生词的大致意义范围。复述部分可以

49、是词，短语或从句。在复述中两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等，常有：or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等例：2014年山东泰安卷Harish Chaturvedi, a lawyer, teaches people water yoga for free-even the poor people can learn from him.The underlined phrase “for free” in the passage means “_”A. 快乐地 B

50、. 自由地C. 免费地D. 规律地3. 替代，说明，举例推测法在阅读中，前后文中会对生词，短语和句子进行一定的解释说明，或者会用其他词汇代替，挥着举例进行阐述说明，可由此推断出其所指含义例：2014年黑龙江哈尔滨卷It could be mostly transparent. That means light can pass it directly to reach the earth, with lands and oceans clearly in views.The underlined word “transparent” here probably means “_”A. 透明的B

51、. 透气的C. 透风的4. 相似法根据同义，近义，并列等关系猜测词义， 通常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且有前后两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推知它的大致词义。例：2014年浙江杭州卷I became a laughter yoga teacher more than two years ago. Before that, I was a dentist! My job was very different, and I used to feel fed up. Now I still improve

52、peoples health, but everything else is completely different. Everyone has fun in a laughter yoga class, including the teacher!The underlined part “fed up” is closest in meaning to _.A. interested B. satisfied C. disappointed D. bored5. 转折，因果关系法在句子或段落中，如果有两个事物，现象之间构成转折或因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。在表示对比转折

53、关系时，通常会用一些信号词：although, but, compared to, even though, however, in spite of 尽管，不管，不顾， instead of, otherwise, rather than, though, unlike, while, yet等，根据因果关系猜测词义，从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因的信号词有：because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等例：2014年重庆卷Rachel Carsons most famous book. Silent Spring, came out in 1962. In this book, she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill t