全新版大学英语单词详解 Book2 Unit5

1、Unit 5 Overcoming ObstaclesText A True Height1. (L. 1) sweat:1. v. produce sweat*The white shirts were sweated through.*He was sweating after working so hard.2. n. liquid which comes out from the body through the skin to cool it(=I was covered in sweat after running to catch the bus.)2. (L. 8) grace

2、: n. 1) quality of being smooth and elegant, esp. in movement or structure*We admired the grace with which the fashion models walked across the room.*She danced with a grace that surprised us. 2) kindness; willingness to do what is right *She had the grace to say that he was right. *他勉强地承认他错了。(=He a

3、greed that he was wrong with bad grace.)3. (L. 10) mere: adj. nothing more than(=She lost the election by a mere 20 votes.)光说无济于事。(=Mere words wont help.)4. (L. 10) fantasy: n. (creation of ) imagination*The story is a fantasy.*He lives in a world of fantasy.CF: fantasy, fancy & imagination fant

4、asy 通常指无限制的，不受意志支配的，完全脱离现实的空想。例如： *An amusement park full of figures from fairy tales may be called Fantasy Land. 一个游乐园，如果充满了神话故事中的人物塑雕，则堪称虚幻境界。fancy 强调凭空想象客观世界不存在之事物，这种凭空想象并非完全脱离现实，只是离现实较远。例如：*Her mind went where fancy took it. 他总是不着边际地胡思乱想。imagination 是个常用词，最少有贬义，它所表示的想象或想象力可以指对过去的事物的重新构想；也可以指对不存在

5、或不能存在之事物的构想。例如： *Does she have the imagination to figure out what happened? 她真的富有想象力，能够推想出发生的事情吗？*These plans reveal a complete failure of imagination. 这些计划显得毫无想象力。 5. (L.13) numerous: adj. very many *He has a numerous acquaintance among politicians.*During the Depression, numerous people wandered f

6、rom town to town looking for work.6. (L. 15) passion: n. strong feeling, esp. of love(=The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved.)他特别喜欢吃冰淇淋。(=He has a passion for ice cream.)7. (L. 15) detail: n. small, particular fact or item*Everything in her story is correct down to the smalle

7、st detail.不要遗漏一点细节。(=Dont omit a single detail.)Collocation:go/enter into details 详细说明in detail 详细地8. (L. 16) recur: vi. 1) come or happen again*If the pain recurs, take this medicine.你知道循环小数吗？(=Do you know the recurring decimals?)2) (of ideas, events etc.)come back *My first meeting with her often

8、recurs to my memory.*Thoughts of home and family recurred to the lonely traveler.3) go back (to sth.) in words or thought *Let us recur to what you said yesterday. *Do you mind if I may recur to your idea9. (L. 21) coincide: v.1) (of ideas, opinions, etc.) to be in agreement *His tastes and habits c

9、oincide with those of his wife. *The judges did not coincide in opinion.2) happen at the same time of during the same period of time *They could not go to the theatre together because his free time never coincided with hers.(=The art exhibition coincides with the 50th anniversary of his death.)10. (

10、L. 24) core: n. 1) most important or central part of anything *The core of the problem is their objection to educational reform. 让我们直入事务的本质。(=Lets get to the core of the matter.)2) hard central part containing the seeds of certain fruits, such as the apple*An apple core is the part of an apple left

11、after the flesh has been eaten.Collocation:to the core: 彻底地; 完全地 *She is French to the core. 她是个地道的法国人。11. (L. 28) alternate: 1. adj. 1) every other or second *He works on alternate days. *The show was sponsored by different clients on alternate weeks.2) (or two things) happening by turns 这是晴雨交替的一周。

12、(=This is a week of alternate rain and sunshine.)*She wears a shirt with alternate stripes of blue and white.2. v. (cause to ) follow by turns*We alternated periods of work and rest.汤姆时而发怒，时而害怕。(=Tom alternated between anger and fright.)Collocation:alternate between 时而时而 *They alternate between supp

13、orting us and opposing us.alternate in 轮流 *We alternate in doing the household chores.alternate with （使）与交替 *Sunny weather alternates with rain.12. (L. 32) relax: v. 1) make or become less tense, worried or nervous *Sit down and relax! 音乐可以帮助你放松一下。 (=The music will help to relax you.)2) make or beco

14、me less stiff or tight(=His muscles relaxed.)3) make (effort or control) less severe *You must not relax your control for a moment.13. (L. 37) vain: adj. 1) too pleased with ones own abilities or looks *Shes vain of her beauty. 他极其自负。 (=Hes as vain as a peacock.)2) without result; useless*After a nu

15、mber of vain attempts to climb the mountain, we were forced to return to camp. *It is vain to resist.NB: vain的常用词组是in vain，意为“徒劳地，白白地”CF: vain, empty, hollow & bare这几个词都是形容词，都有“空的”、“空着的”之意。vain 意思是“空洞的”、“空洞的”。empty 主要表示某空间没有人或物，无任何内容。hollow 表示物体内部是空的，如数、气球等。bare 主要指某物的表面上是空的，无装饰的。(Directions:) F

16、ill in the blank with the above words and change the form where necessary.1. The cinema was half _. 2. Weve made a _ attempt to make him change his mind.3. Dont sleep on _ boards.4. The poor girl went on for another ten miles on an _ stomach.5. The walls look solid, but in fact theyre _14. (L. 44) e

17、motion: n. 1) any of the strong of feelings of the human spirit*Love, hatred, fear and grief are emotions *Jack is a man of great emotion, easily given to tears.2) strength of feeling; excited state of the feelings *He described the accident in a voice shaking with emotion. *He thought of his dead c

18、hild with deep emotion.CF: emotion, feeling and sensitivity这些词都是名词，都有“感情”之意。emotion 表示人的精神、身体全部反映的一种状态，表现为人的任何强烈的感情。例如：*The speaker appealed to our emotions rather than to our minds. 演讲者激发了我们的情感而不是启发我们的思考。feeling 是常用词，意思是“感觉”、“感触”、“心情”，部分体现为精神，部分体现为身体，但并不是具有情感反应特征的基本的感觉、反射或心境。除非有上下文的提示，一般不表明反应的性质、程度

19、。例如： *Her feeling was that right would win. 她感觉公理会取得胜利。 *He had lost all of feeling in the left leg. 他的左腿完全失去了知觉。sensitivity 意思是“感受性”、“敏感性”。例如：*The dentist gave me an injection which reduced the sensitivity of the nerve. 牙医给我注射一针以减轻神经的敏感性。（插入图片dentist）15. (L. 48) be ashamed of: feeling foolish or un

20、comfortable because of (sth.) *You should be ashamed of your behavior! 他由于问了这样简单的问题而感到难为情。 (=He was ashamed of asking such a simple question.)16. (L. 53) startle: vt. Give a sudden shock or surprise to*You startled me! I didnt hear you come in.*She was startled to see him looking so ill.CF: startle,

21、 frighten & terrify这组动词都是动词，都有“恐吓”的意思。startle指短时间内叫人震惊的恐惧，可能造成突然的不由自主的身体不能动弹。例如：*The clap of thunder startled us. 雷鸣般的掌声惊呆了我。frighten是最普通的词，没有特殊的意义，仅表示“吓唬”或“使害怕”。例如： *Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the stairs. 理查夫人不想吓唬这可怜的人，所以她很快地藏到楼梯

22、下的小贮藏室里。terrify 含义是“使恐怖”，受到这种惊怕的人是不能自制的*Bruce engaged low gear and drove at a terrifying speed. 布鲁斯接通了低速挡，开车速度快得令人害怕。17. (L. 56) intensity: n. state of being intense*The mayor didnt realize the intensity of peoples feelings on the housing issue.*The poem shows great intensity of feeling.18. (L. 56)

23、anxiety: n. 1) feeling of worry of fear *They felt strong anxiety for her safety. *After hearing their advice he had no more anxieties.2) strong wish to do something; eagerness*The teacher praised him for his anxiety for knowledge. *He always shows his anxiety to please his employers.Collocation:anx

24、iety about 对的焦虑anxiety for 为的担忧CF: anxiety, worry & concern这些词都是名词，都有“担忧”、“担心”之意。anxiety 主要指对不幸或失败的痛苦的恐惧和不确定。例如：*At the most, he will experience feelings of anxiety, shame, insecurity, and helplessness? 他至多能体验到忧虑、耻辱、不安和无助感。worry指扰乱人精神安宁的持续不断的疑虑或害怕。例如：*I think rich people have about as many worri

25、es as poor ones. 我认为富人和穷人的烦恼一样多。concern强调介入了思想不安的因素；它将严肃的思想和情绪结合起来。例如：*Concern for man himself and his fate must always form the chief interest of all technical endeavors? 对人类自身及其命运的关注，必将成为所有技术事业的主要关注内容。19. (L. 57) tension: n.1) worry or nervousness *I am suffering from nervous tension. 你能适应大城市的紧张生活

26、吗？ (=Can you adapt yourself to the tensions of life in a big city?)2) degree of tightness of a wire, rope, etc. *If you increase the tension of that violin string it will break.20. (L. 63) tense: adj. 1) feeling worried or nervous; making people worried or nervous *The two countries began to discuss

27、 their tense relations. (=There is a tense moment before we heard the news.)2) stretched tight; stiff *With his body so tense, it seemed as though he were listening for something. *Is the rope tense?21. (L. 65) along with: together with*He went on the journey along with his two friends.她把钞票连同找回的零钱和发

28、票一起重又放进抽屉。(=She placed the bank notes, along with the change and receipts, back in the drawer.)Collocation:all along 始终, 一直come along进展; 跟着来get along 进展; 与和睦相处go along 进展; 前进; 同行22. (L. 66) stretch out: spread out; straighten to full length*He stretched himself out in front of the fire.*The sea stre

29、tched out as far as I could see.23. (L. 80) bring (sb.) back to earth: cause (sb.) to stop daydreaming; cause (sb.) to return to reality*Emilys voice brought him back to earth.*You had better bring yourself back to earth for an hour and cook us some dinner.Collocation:come back/down to earth （从幻想中）回

30、到现实on earth 人世间；究竟24. (L. 81) in ones minds eye: in ones imagination*In my minds eye I saw the cliffs rising sheer.她在想象中酝酿自己的下一步作品。(=She was writing her next piece in her minds eye.)25. (L. 87) congratulate: vt. Speak to (a person) with praise and admiration for a happy event or something successful

31、ly done*We congratulate her on having passed the exams. (=Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter.)26. (L. 91) media: n. means of mass communication, e.g. TV, radio, newspaper*The media controls/control the news.*Much of what children learn comes directly from the mass media.Text B Fou

32、rteen Steps1. (para. 1) incline: v. (make sb.) tend to feel sth. or want to do sth.* I incline to the view that peace can be achieved. * The Prime Minister is believed to be inclining towards an April election.* 尽管不是很确定，我还是倾向于相信他说的话。(=Although not very convincing, I'm still inclined to believe w

33、hat he said.) * She inclines to leanness. (=她体质属偏瘦型。)2. (para. 2) in good/excellent/poor health: 健康状况良好/很好/差)* Living together with her sons, the old woman was very happy and in excellent health. * 因为抽烟抽得很厉害，他的健康状况较差。(=The man was in poor health due to his heavy smoking. )3. (para. 4) horrible: adj.

34、 causing a feeling of extreme fear or dislike * That fish smells horrible. / a horrible crime/nightmare * 昨晚我做了一个可怕的恶梦。 (=I had a horrible nightmare last night. )4. (para. 4) suffer from: experience physical or mental pain* She's been suffering from (= been ill with) cancer for two years. * 他妻子去

35、世时他遭受了很大的痛苦。(=He suffered quite a lot when his wife left him. )5. (para. 4) progressive: adj. happening or advancing gradually by stages over a period of time * Cancer is a disease caused by progressive growth of abnormal cells. * 过去几年来，生活水平逐渐下降。(=There's been a progressive decline in the standa

36、rd of living over the past few years. )6. (para. 6) in spite of: (used before one fact that makes another fact surprising) taking no notice of; not being affected by * In spite of the fact that she was too ill to see anyone, he insisted on visiting her. * 尽管有伤在身，比尔还是会参加周六的比赛。 (=In spite of his injur

37、y, Bill will play in Saturday's match. ) 7. (para. 6) aid: n. help * A woman in the street saw that he was in trouble and came to his aid. * 她帮助了一个被困在车内的男人。(=She went to the aid of a man trapped in his car. )8. (para. 6) install: vt. place, fix (a piece of equipment) in position for use; add new

38、 software to the computer * The plumber is coming tomorrow to install the new washing machine. * 你能帮我装一下这个软件吗？(=Can you help me install this software? )9. (para. 6) optimistic: adj. believing that good things will happen in the future * The doctor said he was optimistic that the little boy would mak

39、e a full recovery. * 她有信心赢得金牌。(=She is optimistic about her chances of winning a gold medal. )10. (para. 6) to a degree: to a certain extent, partly* To some degree I think that's right, but there are other factors which may affect the situation. * 那部电影有点枯燥。(=The film was boring to a degree. )11

40、. (para. 8) Our home was a split-level affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. What is “a split-level affair” ? (= A room or building that has floors at different heights in different parts. ) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (=我们家住的是错层式的房子，从汽车间通往厨房门有14级台阶。)12. (para

41、. 8) I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it repeating the process 14 times until, utterly spent , I would be through I could then admit defeat and lie down and die. Translate the sentence into Chinese. (=我觉得如果有一天我无法再抬起

42、一只脚迈上一个台阶，再痛苦地拖起另一只脚将这个过程重复14遍，直到精疲力竭爬上去到那时我就会服输并躺下死去。)13. (para. 10) hold on to: not give up; not let go of* I'd hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment. * 他依然努力想保住在政府部门的职位。(=He was still managing to hold on to his position in the government. )14.

43、 (para. 10) miserable: adj. causing great unhappiness, discomfort, etc.; extremely unhappy* What a miserable existence! How could anyone live in such dreadful conditions! * 过去，农民的生活很痛苦。 (=In the old days the peasants lived a miserable life. )15. (para. 13) dismiss: vt. put (thoughts, etc.) out of on

44、e's mind; remove (sb.) from a position* The committee dismissed the idea as rubbish. * 凡是违反公司规定的人都将被解雇。(=Anyone who breaks company rules will be dismissed. )16. (para. 15) bundle: vt. wrap; dress warmly because it is cold * We're supposed to bundle newspapers before throwing them away. * 你最好

45、穿暖和一点，外面很冷。(=You'd better bundle up because it's very cold outdoors. )17. (para. 17) interval: n. a period of time between events, activities, etc. * After an interval of three days the peace talks resumed. * There's often a long interval between an author completing a book and it appearing in the bookshops. * 我们每隔一段时间见个面，一般大约一月一次。(=We see each other at regular intervals usually about once a month. ) 18. (para. 24) penetrate: v.