英语语音复习

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语语音复习语言有语音、语法、词汇三大部分，而语音又是首要的。只有学好了语音，才能听懂别人说的话，也才能让别人听懂自己说的话。能听能说，英语就学活了，否则就是“聋子英语”、“哑巴英语”。学好语音的要求有五条：一是要掌握好国际音标，做到发音基本正确、清晰；二是要掌握基本语调，做到语速适中，无太多的“卡壳”，使会话能顺利地进行；三是要熟练掌握和运用基本的读音规则，看见一个单词不查字典就能基本准确地读出来；四是要学会划分意群，按意群停顿，掌握好抑扬顿挫，提高交流的效果；五是要掌握基本语调、音的高低和力度。Part 国际音标：1. 元音（20个）长元音/:/:/:/i:/u:

2、/短元音/e/e/a/ 双元音/e/a/2. 辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/轻辅音/h/ts/t/tr/浊辅音/r/dz/d/dr/鼻音/m/n/半元音/j/ w/边音/Part 音节说话时最小的语音单位叫音节，通常由一个元音加上一个或几个辅音构成，但是单独一个元音也能成为一个音节。辅音 /l/, /m/, /n/ 在后面没有元音时，也能和前面的辅音构成一个音节。音节按形式可分为开音节、闭音节和r音节三种；按音量可分为重读音节和非重读音节。1. 音节的种类开音节：以下两种音节属开音节。1） 以读音的元音字母结尾的音节，如：go, me, flu。2） 以

3、“辅音字母（r除外）+ 不发音的e”为结尾的音节，如: blade, delete, slide, slope, mute。闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，如：add, web, disc, dust, grasp。r音节：“元音字母 + r”的音节称为r音节，如：starve, herd, girl, short, burn等。2. 音节的划分：音节划分的基本规则：1） 在两个音节的分界线上如果只有一个辅音字母（r除外），这个字母归右面的音节，第一个字母按开音节读音。如：student, adopt, behave2) 分界线上有两个辅音字母（第一个不

4、是r），这两个辅音字母分别划归左右两个音节，第一个音节按重读闭音节读音。如: channel, command, hostile3) 分界线上有两个辅音字母，第一个是r，这两个字母可分别划归左右两个音节，第一个音节按重读r音节读音。如：corner, reporter, sharpen但是如果分界线上的两个辅音字母是r，左边的重读音节按闭音节读音。如：narrow, sorrow, sparrow, carrot等。Part 单词重音重读音节： 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。重读符号为“ ”，标注在重读音节前左上方，如：/tmru/，也可以直接在单词里标注，如：tomorrow。次重读符号“ ”，

5、标注在重读音节前左下方，如：municipality。单音节词单独读时都重读。如：net, mouse, quit。双音节词的重音多数落在第一音节上。如: tennis, context, copper，但有前缀a-，be-，mis-，en-，ex-，im-，in-，re-等双音节词，重音一般落在第二个音节上。如：about, before, explain, report, mistake。以un-前缀开头和有后缀-teen的双音节词通常有两个重音。如：unfair, unknown, fourteen, thirteen。双音节词加上前缀或后缀构成的多音节词，重音一般在原词根的重读音节上。

6、如：unfriendly, requirement, officer。多音节词的重音多数落在倒数第三个音节上。如：immigrant, imperative次重音：在含有3个或更多音节的单词中，有的除了有主重音还有次重音，次重音表示读该音节时要弱于重音节而强于其他音节。如：international, responsibilityPart 元音字母的读音1. 在中的读音读 音例 词a/ei/pave, game, shapee/i:/free, see, beei/ai/life, mile, fileo/u/code, logo, hopeu/ju:/ / u:/use, mute, men

7、u2. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音读 音例 词a/tag, black, packet e/e/seti/i/this, six, milko/box, log, clock u/nut, hub, lunch3. 元音字母在重读-r音节中的读音元音组合读 音例 词ar/:/bar, start, marketor/:/sport, short, porteriruror(w之后)/:/her, certainly, herbbird, first, shirtturn, nurse, purposeword, worse, worm4. 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 读 音例 词a / /

8、e/i/ /a/, memorizeo/ /u/, maximum/ju(:)/注：u处在开音节位置，又在jlrs后面时，读 /u(:)/ 音，例如：。5. 常见组合在中的读音元音字母组合读音例词ai ayei ey/ei/ say, again, playeight, they, greyal/o:/ball, talk, wallea/i:/tea, teacher, pleaseee/i:/green, bee, threeoa/boat, coat, load oo/u:/noon, moon, food/look, book, cookouow/a/mouth, house, abo

9、uthow, brown, downoi oy/boy, toy, noisePart 辅音字母的读音辅音字母的读音都比较固定，除c, g, s, y外，字母和音标几乎一一对应。 c在e, i, y前读 /s/，在其他情况下读 / k /。例如：certify, circuit, cycle; cabinet, comedy g在e, i, y前读 /，在其他情况下读 /g /。例如：shortage, giant, gymnasium; gallon, global, graceful s在一般情况下读/s/，在两个元音字母之间读/z/。例如：salary, structure; visib

10、le, suppose y在音节开头、元音字母前读 / j /，在其他情况下读 /ai/ 或 /i/。 例如：yell, yield; satisfy, classify; copy, city。1. 辅音字母的读音辅音字母读 音例 词b/b/board, bike, bluec/k/cake, card, cape/s/face, bicycle, cinemad/d/desk, disc, depthf/f/fine, fight, offg/orange, large, college/g/goods, bag, glassh/h/hello, hat, handj/jacket, jo

11、b, Junek/k/keyboard, like, bikel/l/yellow, life, lake apple, full, bottlem/m/morning, name, memoryn/n/novel, nice, needlep/p/grasp, happen, pleasurer/r/rose, rocket, respects/s/spell, thanks, silver/z/please, nose, exposet/t/what, white, tennisv/v/evening, invest, visiblew/w/woory, waitress, wellx/k

12、s/box, exercise, experiencey/j/you, yellow, youthz/z/zoo, zero, realize2. 常见辅音字母组合的读音sh/English, shine, ship ch / tch/China, chess, matchth/thank, three, thrive/that, they, thereafterck/k/black, chick, checkph/f/phone, property, purposewh/w/what, white, whisper/h/who, whose, wholetr/tr/tree, trick,

13、tripdr/dr/dress, dragon, driverts/ts/cats, students, peasantsds/dz/beds, hands, cardsqu/kw/quite, quiet, questionExercises1. 利用开闭音节读音规则拼读下列单词。blame bathegracespadegradeshapeskatesavewaveshaveblack snackpassivematchmatterchatcatchwatchsmashratmeter evebeepeterseeevileveneveningfevervehicleetneck pet

14、bet wetdesktopforgetneckinspectsectioninspectdive filehidehikeshinethrivesmileprovideslideknifedisc fishhabbitrabbitmissingtransmitpermitpictureknittissueslope globecodehopeholenoticenotebooksmokeexposeproposerock cockgossiprobberrocketshocksocketpocketstocktopicmute tubeusemuleusagenucleusuniversep

15、upildutycubicshut luckducknumberrubberpublicpuppyshuttlenumbconductsharp barkmarkparkmarkettargetstarvecarvebartercarpetsport dormnormportporketshortagestorageexporttransportpassportexpert exertinvertobservedirtyskirtshirtnursecurveburst2. 拼读下列单词（所选例词均为四级词汇，同时注意读音与拼写的关系）。ash absorb acquisition anthr

16、opologist beneficialbiology candidate community copyright currencydeadline deliberate disorder embarrass exaggerateexit feedback financial fortnight geometryhighlight honorable hydrogen inhabitant initiativejungle kneel lane moisture mythnightmare optical physician psychological qualificationresembl

17、e riddle shrink spit suicidetame tag thrive thumb tractorutility virtue waterproof widespread worshipcreation customer breeze champion ceremonycharter civilization container constitution destinationlayout lifetime musician nationality scholarshipexit graph decode define catalogdelete marker reserve

18、refile framePart 一些常见的语音现象1. 句子重音：实词重读，虚词轻读。句子重音体现句子的节奏感和韵律感，突出重点，使听者更容易理解。在句子中，实词（名词、代词、数词、动词、形容词、副词）通常需要重读，而虚词(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反身代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be)往往不需要重读。实词在下列特殊情况下不需要重读。1) 实词第二次出现。例如： He thinks of that as a child thinks.2) 一个名词被另一个名词修饰。例如： I met her in the railway station. 3)

19、代替词。例如Which book do you want? The small one.4) 感叹词中的 what 和how。例如： What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! 5) street 在专有名词中。例如Wangfujing Street. 虚词在下列特殊情况下需要重读。1) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。例如：Do you like it? Yes, I do. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I dont like this. He isnt a worker. 2) 情态动词表示可能，

20、惊奇和肯定时。例如： They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. 3) 介词在句首和句尾。例如： In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. 4) 引导复合句的连词在句首。例如： If you wish, Ill visit you. When he comes, Ill tell him. 5) 反身代词表示强调。例如：He couldnt come himself.Exercises朗读下列句子。1.

21、There is a book on the desk.2. My sister put up a picture on the wall.3. John wants to see the teacher after class.4. She reads a lot about the country.5. An elephant is an animal.6. Understanding the culture helps language learning.7. The language is hard to learn, but its interesting.8. Dont tell

22、me about that! It sounds so great!9. What about you, Ken？Where are you planning to take your vacation?10. Just think, in a few days Ill be swimming every day, playing beach ball, lying in the sun and just taking it easy.2. 连读在连贯地说话或朗读时，在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中，如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾，后者以元音音素开头，就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼，构成一个音节

23、, 这就是连读。连读时的音节一般不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可以加音，也不可以读得太重。例如：在读not at all这个短语时，听起来就像是一个单词。注意：连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中，在两个意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现，也不可连读。例如：Please take a look at it.这个句子中take a look at it是同一个意群，那么take与a可连读，look与at可连读，at与it可连读。在There is a book in it.一句中book与in往往不连读，因为book与in分别在两个不同的意群中。Exercises朗读下列句子，注意连读。 1

24、. Take a look at it. 2. Ill be back in half an hour. 3. There is a pair of shoes. 4. She was away from her own country for a long time. 5. Shall we meet at ten oclock tomorrow morning? 6. Each of us had a sandwich and a cup of tea. 7. Is it very cloudy outside? 8. There are many books and notebooks

25、on the desk. 9. In our modern age, we use a lot of electricity. 10. Many of us will go out tonight.3. 停顿在说英语时，如果想要清晰、流利地表达你的意思，运用好停顿是非常关键的。同时，在朗读英语时养成良好的停顿习惯，可以慢慢培养一种英语逻辑思维，从而更容易接受英语，掌握英语，并运用好英语。 在一个句子里语法关系非常密切，不能再分割的单位，叫一个意群。意群可以是一个单词，也可以是一个词组，但是一个意群里至少有一个重读音节。每个意群中不能停顿，但意群之间可以作短暂的停顿。一个较长的句子，一口气讲完有

26、困难，或无法使对方明白自己的意思，通常会在每个句子成分后有一个停顿，如主语部分，谓语部分，宾语部分，状语部分，从句子等。Exercises划分意群并正确朗读下列句子。1. The sky is blue and the sun is bright. 2. Im just wondering where you got that stupid idea. 3. Hes the one who breaks my heart and plunges me into depression.4. The passage tells us that last week there was bad wea

27、ther all the way from the East Coast to the West Coast.5. Last Sunday evening, most of my classmates went to Christmas party held by Mr. John.6. During the Spring Festival, as a rule, the Chinese people have a get-together or visit friends.7. The woman is sure that her son wont do all the things the

28、 man mentioned when he grows up.8. During summer when the holiday may last two or three months many students go to big cities for chances to find a job that will enable them to earn some money for their expenses in the new academic year.9. The menu that the waiter handed to the man gave the correct

29、price for each dish and each bottle wine; while the menu that he handed to the lady gave a much higher price.10. That also means weve had to cancel the session and anyone who signed up for it should now choose between the other two sessions which are running this afternoon.4. 失去爆破在单词、短语或者句子里，如果爆破音 /

30、, /, /，/,/，/ 后面跟另一个爆破音或破擦音时，前面一个爆破音只作发音口形，短暂地停顿一下，随即发出下一个爆破音或破擦音，这就是不完全爆破。例如：I don(t) think so, do(c)tor.Sto (p) talking.She too(k)goo(d) care of the children. As(k) Bob to si(t) behind me.Exercises朗读下列句子，注意爆破音的读法。1. He has a bad cold today.2. Have you read the book about that child。3. The girl in t

31、he red coat was on a black bike just now. 4. The big bus from the factory is full of people. 5. This is an old picture of a big car. 6. The old doctor has a cat, too. 7. What would you like, hot tea or black coffee? 8. You can put it down in the big garden. 9. I bought a cheap book, but its a good b

32、ook. 10. I went there alone at nine last night5浊化 清辅音跟着一个元音，前面又有一个 /s/ ，无论是在单词的最前面还是中间，只要是在重读音节或次重读音节里，一般都读成对应浊辅音，如stand, strike, speak, sky 等等。 如果后面没有元音，就不存在浊化的问题，如grasp，test，desk等，仍发清辅音。Exercises朗读下列单词。span speakspeedspickspit still stick step stem stack skid skim skip skit skull school screen scr

33、ew scribe script6. 弱读 单词在句中可以强读，也可以弱读，主要取决于上下文所表达的意思。有些英语单词本身具有两种或两种以上不同发音。以单词some为例，该词在重读或单独出现时，其元音的发音与单词sum完全一样。但是，当some在句子中作为非重读单词时，其元音就显得短而模糊。弱读即元音音素的弱化，指一个单词中的元音音素在口语中由于说话时语速快或在句子中处于次要位置而不被强调等原因，不能发一完全而标准的读音，却变为强度较弱的其他元音的现象。例如元音音素/i:/有时会弱化为/I/，进一步还可弱化为/。7. 语调我们说话时可以随意改变音高，使音调上升或下降。我们还可以像歌唱家那样突然

34、抬高话语的音调。音调的这种上扬或下降叫语调。英语有两种基本的语调:升调和降调（分别用符号“”、“ ”表示）。升降的过程可以是急促的，也可以是缓慢的，还可以形成不同的组合。说话人可以通过语调准确地表达各种信息。 升调:升调多用来表示“不肯定”和“未完结”的意思。常用于一般疑问句，语气婉转的祈使句，以及用陈述句子形式表示疑问的各类句子。如: a）Shall I tell him to come and seeyou? （一般疑问句的正常语调）b）You likehim?（用于陈述句形式的疑问句中，期待得到对方证实）c）What have you got there? （用于特殊疑问句中，语气亲切热

35、情）d）Right you are. （用于某些感叹句中，表示轻快、活泼、鼓励等意义）e）She bought red，yellow，and green rugs. （用于排例句中，区别语义） 降调:降调表示“肯定”和“完结”。一般用于陈述句、特殊疑问句、命令句和感叹句中。例如: a）Swimming is my favourite sport. （用于陈述句表示肯定的意义）b）What did you find there? （降调用于特殊疑问句表示说话人浓厚的兴趣）c）Tell me all about it. （语气较强的命令） d）Have you got the tickets? （

36、降调用于一般疑问句表示说话人的态度粗率、不耐烦 或不高兴） e）How nice! （用于感叹句，表示感叹） 英语中除了升调、降调这两种最基本的语调外，还有降升调（）、升降调（）、升降升调（）、平调（-）等。英语语调或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短语或句子的最后一个重音上。Exercises利用所学的语音知识朗读下列短文。Passage II am the director of a paper merchant. A paper merchant buys paper from paper mills and then sells it on to printers and publisher

37、s. We have a staff of 150 in offices and warehouses around the country but business has been very good recently, so we will be opening two more offices in the next three months.Passage IIAirplanes are such a common form of travel that its easy to forget just how recently they were invented. Today, e

38、ven a person in the middle of nowhere would not be surprised to see a plane in the sky. But before the Wright Brothers flew their plane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1903, most scientists thought flight by heavier-than-air machines would never be achieved. Never. In fact, the word airplane didnt

39、 come into common usage until after 1945.Passage IIIA Strange Man John Farber is famous because he can eat metal and glass. He started when he was nine years old. First he ate small things and then he ate big things. He ate glasses, spoons, televisions and other things. He ate these things because h

40、e liked them. Its unbelievable, isnt it? Now he is famous. People pay to watch him and they call him Mr Eat All. He travels to many different countries in Europe, Asia and the Americas and eats many strange things. He can eat nine hundred grammes of metal in a day. He can eat a supermarket trolley i

41、n five days and he enjoys eating bicycles. His biggest meal was a two-seat aeroplane. He ate the aeroplane in Caracas, the capital of Venezuela in South America.Passage IVA Secretarys Desk Secretaries usually have an older computer and a telephone on their desk. The usually have an older computer be

42、cause the managers are often the first to receive the latest technological equipment. Secretaries desks are often tidy as they are usually tidier than the bosses. You will also find an agenda of some sort because secretaries need to make appointments for their bosses. Secretaries desks often have pi

43、ctures of their children and families that they look at from time to time during the day. In the past, secretaries were usually women. Today, however, more and more men are becoming secretaries as more and more women become managers and the workplace becomes more equal, which there are some industry

44、 magazines.Passage VComputer MonkeysA tourist walked into a pet shop and was looking at the animals on display. While he was there, another customer walked in and went over to a cage at the side of the shop and took out a monkey. He fit a collar and leash, handed it to the customer, saying, Thatll b

45、e $5000. The customer paid and walked out with his monkey. Startled, the tourist went over to the shopkeeper and said, That was a very expensive monkey. Most of them are only a few hundred dollars. Why did it cost so much? The shopkeeper answered, Ah, that monkey can program in C very fast, tight co

46、de, no bugs, well worth the money. The tourist looked at the monkey in another cage. That ones even more expensive $10,000! What does it do? Oh, that ones a C+ monkey; it can manage object-oriented programming, Visual C+, even some Java. All the really useful stuff, said the shopkeeper. The tourist

47、looked around for a little longer and saw a third monkey in a cage of its own. The price tag around its neck read $50,000. He gasped to the shopkeeper, That one costs more than all the others put together! What on earth does it do? The shopkeeper replied, Well, I havent actually seen it do anything,

48、 but it says its a consultant. 英语语音复习语言有语音、语法、词汇三大部分，而语音又是首要的。只有学好了语音，才能听懂别人说的话，也才能让别人听懂自己说的话。能听能说，英语就学活了，否则就是“聋子英语”、“哑巴英语”。学好语音的要求有五条：一是要掌握好国际音标，做到发音基本正确、清晰；二是要掌握基本语调，做到语速适中，无太多的“卡壳”，使会话能顺利地进行；三是要熟练掌握和运用基本的读音规则，看见一个单词不查字典就能基本准确地读出来；四是要学会划分意群，按意群停顿，掌握好抑扬顿挫，提高交流的效果；五是要掌握基本语调、音的高低和力度。Part 国际音标：1. 元音（2

49、0个）长元音/:/:/:/i:/u:/短元音/e/e/a/ 双元音/e/a/2. 辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/轻辅音/h/ts/t/tr/浊辅音/r/dz/d/dr/鼻音/m/n/半元音/j/ w/边音/Part 音节说话时最小的语音单位叫音节，通常由一个元音加上一个或几个辅音构成，但是单独一个元音也能成为一个音节。辅音 /l/, /m/, /n/ 在后面没有元音时，也能和前面的辅音构成一个音节。音节按形式可分为开音节、闭音节和r音节三种；按音量可分为重读音节和非重读音节。1. 音节的种类开音节：以下两种音节属开音节。3） 以读音的元音字母结尾的音节，

50、如：go, me, flu。4） 以“辅音字母（r除外）+ 不发音的e”为结尾的音节，如: blade, delete, slide, slope, mute。闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，如：add, web, disc, dust, grasp。r音节：“元音字母 + r”的音节称为r音节，如：starve, herd, girl, short, burn等。2. 音节的划分：音节划分的基本规则：2） 在两个音节的分界线上如果只有一个辅音字母（r除外），这个字母归右面的音节，第一个字母按开音节读音。如：student, adopt, behave4) 分界线上有两个辅音字母（第一个不是r），这两个辅音字母分别划归左右两个音节，第一个音节按重读闭音节读音。如: channel, command, hostile5) 分界线上有两个辅音字母，第一个是r，这两个字母可分别划归左右两个音节，第一个音节按重读r音节读音。如：corner, reporter, sharpen但是如果分界线上的两个辅音