商务英语 BEC写作(超详细讲义)

1、BEC初级写作第一课时BEC写作概述BEC写作简介：写作考试与阅读共同进行，建议占用30分钟，写作分数占总成绩的25%。1写作目的与要求1 Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues.2 Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not prevent understanding of the message.更多的报名信息和成绩查询方法请上网了解：教育部考试中心3 测试范围

2、与选材1、身份介绍(Personal Identification)2、工作环境与日常事务(The office, general business, environment and routine)3、接待与闲暇;舌动(Entertainment of clients, free time, relationships with colleagues and clients) 4、商务旅行(Travel)5、健康(Health)6、购买与销售(Buying and selling)7 公司结构、系统及程序(Company structures, systems, processes)8、产品

3、与服务(Products and services)9、成果与成就(Results and achievements)其外，还会涉及其他的般商务话题(Business issues)。3测试题型分析BEC初级考试写作部分的试题包括两项内容：第一项要求写一则3040词的商务便函或商 务便条；第二项要求写一篇6080词的商务书信或商务报告。下表是剑桥ESOL提供的考试说明列出的BEC初级考试写作部分的试题种类和格式。PARTFunctions/Communicative TaskInputResponseRegister1Writing a note, message, memo or e-mai

4、l, for example to(re-)arrange appointments, ask for permission or give instructionsRubric only plus layout of output text typeInternal communication30 - 40 wordsNeutral/ formal2Writing a letter, fax or e-mail, for example to apologise and offer compensation, make or alter reservations, deal with req

5、uests, or gi ve information about a productOne piece of input which may be business correspondence (the medium may be a letter, fax or e-mail), internal communication (the medium may be a note, memo or e-mail), notice, advert, etc. (plus layout of output text type, unless a letter)Business correspon

6、dence (the medium may be a letter, fax or e-mail) 60 - 80 wordsNeutral/ formal题型： 1.商务便条、便函类；2.商务书信类注意：BEC不是单纯的英语考试，也不是考察商务知识。对策：学习、模仿高水平的论文 例题:Xq 翁 Paragraph Font Style Font Size BI u室 毒 叁1=：=厚理一 wa a 21Show AllEdtFPart One You have to organise an urgent meeting at 9am tomorrow with all the staff f

7、rom your department. Write an email to the staff: saying when the meeting will be telling them where the meeting will be explaining what the meeting will be about Write about 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet.msn l Hotmail JHome inboxCompose Calendar Contacts；Messenger： OfflineJSend | Save Draft | &#

8、169; Attach J | Tools | E3 CancelFavorite Contacts注意区分英式拼写和美式拼写，BEC两者都接受。英美语言书写上还有其他区别，比如日期表达、个别词义等。注意时间的正确表达方法。如nine am, 9:00am, 15 o'clock等为错误用法。注意题目当中有需要自己发挥的内容点。相关词汇 meeting seminar conference conventionlecture, seminar, tutorialreserve, bookconference organiser, hotel, conference centreconf

9、erence facilities: laser/inkjet printer, projector (Barco), photocopier (Xerox), telephone, fax machine, scanner, computer, internet connectionscatering: dinner, buffet, tea便函便条类题目的结构Input: situation descriptionTask: memo, note, emailcontent pointsWrite: internal message (30-40 words)注意：格式；发挥部分要确切评分

10、标准Taskl分数全部完成大体要求，包含所有内容点，阅读不费力。5很好完成答题要求，包含所有内容点，阅读需要一些努力。4答题令人满意，包含两条内容点3一条内容点也没能完成，和（或）有明显的遗漏或不相关内容2不能完成任务；没有提到内容点，内容儿乎不相关，可能误解题目要求。1没有相关的回答或表达方式单一，不能给分0注意：content; accuracy; conciseness商务书信类这一题型要求考生根据所提供的短文，如书信、传真、便函、留言条(电话留言条)等，起草一 封书信，字数要求达到120-140词左右。题目结构：Input: 1 situation description2 task3

11、 target readerReading: texts in note, letter, fax, memo + content points (handwritten notes; second letter)Write: business letter (60-80 words)注意字数问题例题Part Two Read this part of a letter from John Biggs, who is the president of a business club.As President of the Clifton Business Club, I would like

12、to invite you to speak at our annual dinner on 5 July. The dinner which starts at 7.30pm, will be held at the Mayflower Restaurant, Clifton.I hope that you are able to accept the invitation and would be grateful if you could give me the subject of your talk, so that I can include it on the invitatio

13、ns to our members.I look forward to receiving your reply as soon as possible. Write a letter to Mr Biggs: accepting the invitation telling him the subject of your talk asking how long the talk should be enquiring whether accommodation will be arranged for you. Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet.

14、 Do not include postal addresses.注意：1适当发挥2不要跑题3目标读者4不要抄袭三种对策：a换句型e.g. This rule applies in every case.There are no exceptions Co the rule.（肯定句变否定句）b换同义词e.g. The arguments pt/r forward by these two authors are nearly the same.The views expressed by the two writers are almost identical.c改词性e.g. The En

15、glish language has had a major impact on developing other world languages.Other world languages have been greatly affected by the English language in their developments.第二课时BEC写作的语言、语法评分;除准：级别Task 2分数5全部完成答题要求 包含全部4个内容点。 语言自信和有强烈的表达愿望；由丁强烈愿望和没有阻碍而错误较少 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。 有效地组织，适当的使用一些简单的连接方式。 语域和格式完全适当

16、。给读者的印象极佳。9或10分4较好的完成答题要求 包含3或4条内容点。 有使用语言的强烈愿望；一些没有妨碍的错误。 结构和词汇范围超过要求。 大体上组织较好，注意前后呼应。 语域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。7或8分3尚能达到答题要求 包含3条内容点。 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。 组织和连贯性总体上令人满意。 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。给读者满意的印象。5或6分2不能完全达到答题要求 包含了2或3条内容点。 大量错误，有时妨碍交流。 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。 内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。给读者的印象不佳。3或4分1未能达到答题要求 包含1或

17、2条内容点。 严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。1或2分0什么要求也没完成。字数少于所需字数的25%,或是完全不能辨认或是 完全不切题。0分评分五个方面:1 content2 language3 structure & vocabulary4 organisation5 register展开论述上面的5个方面1内容的完整性2语言6C原则1 .准确(correctness)包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使川精确措词，传达准确信息；正确地 使用语法和标点符号；拼写正确

18、。(1)恰当的语言风格请比较下面两组例词:FormalInformalapproximatelyAboutinquireAskascertainfind outobtainreceiveassisthelpparticipateshareconstructbuildpurchasebuycontributegivesufficientenoughdifficulthardutilizeuse(2)准确的措词和信息卜,面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分: a lot / allotall right / alright cannot / can not different from

19、 / different than.due to / because ofeffect / affectfewer / lesslie / layprincipal / principlethat /whichtheir / them / they' rewait for / wait onwho / whom(3)正确的语法和标点符号2 .清楚(Clarity)(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)常用的逻辑布局方法包括：因果关系(Cause & Effect)时间顺序(Chronological Development)序列顺序(Sequential D

20、evelopment)比较(Comparison)一般到特殊(From General to Specific)特殊到一般(From Specific to Genera!)(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)例句:修改前：Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.修改后：Marshall Corpor

21、ation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)(4)强调(Emphasis)位置重复数量技巧(5)将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。比较下面三对句子：A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25,00.They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a s

22、mall shop in Beijing.B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.(6)避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。We shall

23、 take a firm line with the firm.We shall take a strong line with the film.3 .简洁(Conciseness)A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad.We have begun to export our machines.B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the deliver

24、y schedule.If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.C .We require furniture which is of the new lype.We require new-type fUmilure.(1)使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)尽量使用 please prefer because避免使用will you be good enough to express a preference for for the reaso

25、n that 少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions) as the case may be it has come to my attention at an early age avail yourself of this opportunity previous to crack of dawnpursuant to your request take the liberty to due to the fact thatthanking you in advance enclosed herein this is to inform you under separa

26、te cover with kindest regards I wish to state(3)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)oWordyConcise1. We would like toplease2. For the month of Augustfor August3. Pursuant to the end of this weeknow4. A long period of timea long time5. At this timenow6. Is at this tim

27、eis7. The weight was higher thanthe weight was greater than8.1 expected it to beexpected9. During the year of 1995during 1995!0. For the development offor developing11. In the city of Dallasin Dallas12. The problem was that the car would notthe car would not startstart13. Square in shapesquare14. in

28、 accordance with your requestyou requested15. Sign on the front of this formsign this form16. During the time thatwhile17. Consensus of opinionwe agree18. Remember the fact thatremember19, Held a meetingmet20. this is the situation at this timenow(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)A. Il should be no

29、ted that this is the best we can do, B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.C. Please be advised ihat we have received your invoice.1. as soon as possibleby July 102. as you indicated in your letteras you indicated3. at all timesalways4. at this timenow5. continue to utilize the old form unt

30、ilstart using the new form on Februarysuch time as the new form is available6. despite the fact thatdespite7. for the month of Aprilfor April8. for obvious reason thatbecause9.1 would ask that youplease10. in conjunction withwith11. in the mere recent pastrecently12. in the unlikely event thatif13.

31、in the unlikely event that I am unable toif I am late, please delay the meetingbe on time, please delay the meeting14. in view of the fact thatbecause15. it will be greatly appreciated if youplease16. our production of the new product willproduction will begin on July 1commence on July 117. please b

32、e advised that we expect you toplease review the contractreview the enclosed contract(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week.Johnsons will pay their accounts next week.4 .具体(Concreteness)(1)尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。A. These brakes can stop a car within a short dista

33、nce.These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible.Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.C. She is a fast typist.She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute.(2)使用具体词汇A. We hav

34、e no hesitation in advising you.We advise you.B. The preparation of new price scale is in hand.New price scales are being prepared this week.C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,.As the request is unusual,.a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little,

35、majority, minority, most, less5 .完整(Completeness)自查：谁(Who)?什么(What)?什么时候(When)?在哪里(Where)?为什么(Why)?怎么样 (How)?6 .礼貌(Courtesy)例如：Dear Mrs. Walters,Because you delayed so long in your response. Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on handYours truly,修改：Dear Mrs. Wa

36、ltersIf I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock.The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more, we will ship it as soon as yo

37、u give us the word.Yours sincerely(1)使用礼貌友好的词汇A.说'Thank you"，例如：Thank you fbr your letter of yesterday.Thank you for your prompt reply.Thank you for helping us in this respect.Thank you for your information.(2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attilude)Writer emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday.Read

38、er emphasis: You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.Reader emphasis: To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.Writer emphasis: I was pleased to hear that the project was completed.Reader

39、emphasis: Congratulations on successfully completing the projectWriter emphasis:We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe thatpeople may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers.Reader emphasis: A week ago you closed your

40、 account with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. You are cordially invited to use our 'other services as occasion may require.(3)措辞得体(Appropriate Wording) a.避免采用消极性的词汇或句式Negative Wording:Positive Wording:The office is closed after four O'c

41、lock, The office is open until four O'clock.Negative Wording:Positive Wording:When I received your complaint, I checked our records.When 1 received your letter, I checked our records.Negative Wording:Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred.Positive Wording:The picture wa

42、s blurred because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal.Negative Wording:You did not read my recent letter.Positive Wording:Please refer to my June I Oth lette匚Negative Wording:The Executive Board did not receive notification.Positive Wording:Several members of the Executive Board inquired

43、 about the time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up?Negative Wording:Positive Wording:Your letter was not clear,I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.b.有失礼貌的言词complaintWe deny your claimWe do not believeco

44、nfusionWe are not surecontraryWe find it difficult to understandcontrivanceWe expectdelinquentWe insistdenyWe are forceddisagreeableWe take issueexasperateYou forgotfailureYou neglectedignoranceYou failed toimpatienceYou misunderstoodincompetentYou mustincredibleYou should knowinexcusableYou do not

45、haveinferenceYou are delinquentinsincereYou insist thatinsinuateYou did not sayinsultingYour ignoringintolerableYour credit refusalirresponsibleYour recent complaintirritatedYour failure tolackYour misunderstandingneglectYour neglectful attitudeobjectionYour disregard forobnoxiousYour insinuationoff

46、ensiveYour lack of communicationunbelievableYour delinquent accountuncooperative(4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语A.用“person”代替第三人称单数。例如：Instead of:Please share this report with your supervisor. He will find it interesting.Say:Please share this report with your supervisor, who will find it interesting.B.有一些常用的商务英语词汇

47、有性别歧视之嫌，应该稍加改变。Instead ofSayBusinessman Businessmen Chairman Foremen Salesman Spokesman Stockboy Workmanbusiness person employees chairperson supervisorssales representative / sales person spokespersonstock clerkemployee / worker 及时答复（Timely Response）例： We will examine your camera to determine the s

48、hutter-response problem and have it back to you within three weeks, if repairs axe needed, I will call you for approval to make the repairs.例J： Mr. Smith is out of the office until the end of the month. I am sure he will be able to provide you with all of the information you requested when he return

49、s.语法常见的词的语法形式错误主要表现在如下几个方面：1、名词（包括词组或短语）单、复数变化名词的单、复数变化主要影响谓语数的形式，这是在短文写作中常见的种错误。例 误： Many kinds of aircrafts were involved in the attack of the harbor.正： Many kinds of aircraft were involved in the attack of the harbor.分析：有些名词的单、复数相同。像这样的名词还有sheep, deer, fish, trout, means, Chinese, works （工厂）等。2、搭

50、配错误词的搭配错误主要指名词、动词形容词与介诃搭配错误。例 误： We are paid in the month but they are paid in the day.lE： We are paid by the month but they are paid by the day.分析：pay somebody by the monih or by the day属固定搭配，意为“按月（按日）付酬再如： Eggs are sold by the dozen.（鸡蛋论打卖）3、动词的语法错误动词的语法错误涉及动词的及物性和不及物性、动词的时态变化、动词的延时性和瞬时性、 动词的同义性以及

51、动词的语态特征等。例 误： The man dressing a black jacket is wearing a boy.正： The man wearing a black jacket is dressing a boy.分析：上面这句话不仅反映了动词的搭配关系，而且同时也反映了动词的延时性特征。Dress 常用的结构是：be dressed in, dress oneself in和dress somebody（给某人穿衣服），既可以表动作，也 可以表状态。而wear一诃只能表示状态，而不能表示动作。4、副词用法错误副词用法错误主要涉及到一些容易混淆的副词，例 误： He spent

52、 sometime working in the garden every day.正： He spent some time working in the garden every day.分析：sometime是个副词，意为“在任何时候，在不固定的某个时候"（at one time or anther, at some indefinite time）.some time是个名诃短语，意为“一些时间Sometimes意为“有时、间或“ （at times, now and then）.再如:I shall go to see sometime next month .（我下个月某

53、个时候将去看她。） He smokes sometimes .（他有时抽烟）第三课时句子应用方面的语法错误主要体现在以下几个方面：1. Sentence fragments 句子片断原句：Scientists report no human deaths due to excessive caffeine consumption. Although caffeine does cause death in certain animals.改正：2nd sentence = fragmentScientists report no human deaths due to excessive ca

54、ffeine consumption, although caffeine does cause death in certain animals.2. Sentence sprawlThe hearing was planned for Monday, December 2, but not all of the witnesses could be available, so it was rescheduled for the following Friday, and then all the witnesses could attend.改正：The hearing, which h

55、ad been planned for Monday, December 2, was rescheduled for the following Friday so that all witnesses would be able to attend.3. Misplaced and dangling modifiersWhen writing a proposal, an original task is set for research.（错位）改正：When writing a proposal, a scholar sets an original task for research

56、.原句Many tourists visit the National Cemetery, where military personnel are buried every day from 9:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m.改正：Every day from 9:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m., many tourists visit the National Cemetery, where military personnel are buried.4. Faulty parallelismThe candidate's goals include winning the election, a national health program