2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第四周星期二阅读理解科普知识类+降环保类七选五+语法填空

1、2019-20202019-2020 年高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第四周星期二阅读理解科普年高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第四周星期二阅读理解科普知识类知识类+ +降环保类七选五降环保类七选五+ +语法填空语法填空I.阅读理解A A（xx山东费县二中月考）Scientistshavebeeninterestedforyearsintheobservationthatratios（比率）offingerlengthsdifferinmenandwomen.Inmen，thering（fourth）fingerisusuallylongerthantheindex（second）;theirsoc

2、alled2D：4Dratioislowerthan1.Infemales，thetwofingersaremorelikelytobethseamelength.Becauseofthissexdifferences，somescientistsbelievethatalowratiocouldbeamarkerforhigherprenatalhormone（产前激素）levels,althoughitsnotclearhowthehormonemightinfluencefingerdevelopment.The2D：4Dratiohasalsobeenfingeredinconnect

3、ionwithbrainrelatedcharacteristicsmostofteninmalessuchasdepression,lefthandedness,musicalability,andhomosexuality.Inthelatestsuchstudy,psychologistMarkBrosnanandcolleaguesattheUniversityofBathintheUnitedKingdomphotocopiedthehandsof74boysandgirlsaged6and7.Theyparedthemeasurementsofthesecondandfourthf

4、ingerswiththechildrensscoresonastandardUKtestofmathandliteracy.Inboys,thelowertheratio,thebettertheirmathscore,theteamreportsintheMayissueoftheBritishJournalofPsychology.Theboyswiththelowestratiosalsoweretheoneswhoseabilitiesweremostskewedinthedirectionofmathratherthanliteracy.Thesedifferencesaresma

5、llbutsignificant,saysBrosnan.Withthegirls,therewasnocorrelationbetweenfingerrationandnumeracy,butthosewithhigherratiosprobablyindicatinglowhormonelevelshadbetterscoresonverbalabilities.Thesesexspecificcorrelationsshowhowtrickyitistodefinetherolesofsexhormones,sayspsychologistS.MarcBreedloveofMichiga

6、nStateUniversityinEastLansing.Therangeofnormallevelsofthehormoneisdifferentinmalesandfemales,soparablelevelswouldhaveverydifferentmeaningsdependingonthesexoftheindividual.Andthetimingofhormonesurgesisasimportantaslevels.Nevertheless,Brosnanbelievesfingermeasurementsmightbeusefulforpredictingcognitiv

7、eabilitiesalthoughheacknowledgesthat“wearenotsuggestingthatfingerlengthmeasurementscouldreplaceSATtests”.Othersaremorecautious,pointingoutthatscientistsstillhavenotconfirmedthatfingerratioisareliablemarkerforprenatalhormonelevels.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Scientistsnevershowinterestinp

8、eoplesfingers.B.Manywomenhavedifferentkindsoffingers.C.Inmales，theringfingermayequaltheindexinlength.D.Infemales，theringfingermayequaltheindexinlength.2.WhatistheauthorsattitudetoBrosnansresearch?A.Supportive.B.Positive.C.Neutral.D.Indifferent.3. Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A. ingirls，thehigherther

9、atio，thebettertheirmathsscoresB. fingerlengthcontributestopeoplesacademicabilitiesC. itiseasytogiveadefinitionoftherolesofsexhormonesD. Brosnanisseriousabouthisresearch4. Whatsthemainideaofthispassage?A.Fingerratioiscriticaltopeoplesfuture.B. Fingerlengthmeasurementsmaybeuseful.C. Fingerlengthisrela

10、tedtochildrensscores.D.Fingerratioisareliablemakerforhormonelevels.B（xx河南八市测评）Theworldspopulationisprojectedtoreach11billionbytheendofthecentury.Feedingthatmanypeoplewillbeachalleng，eanditisfurtherplicatedbytheimpactofclimatechangeonagriculture.Thatiswhysomepeopleadvocateanunusualwaytoboostthefoodsu

11、pplyandfeedpeoplesustainablybyeatinglessmeatandmoreinsects.About2billionpeoplealreadyeatbugs.Mexicansenjoychillytoastedgrasshoppers.ThaistuckintocricketstirfriesandGhanaianssnackontermites.InsectsareslowlycreepingontoWesternmenusasnoveltyitems，butmostpeopleremainsqueamish（拘谨的）.Yettherearethreereason

12、swhyeatinginsectsmakessense.First，theyarehealthierthanmeat.Therearenearly2,000kindsofedibleinsects，manyofthempackedwithprotein，calcium，fiber，ironandzinc.Asmallservingofgrasshopperscancontainaboutthesameamountofproteinasasimilarsizedservingofbeef，buthasfarlessfatandfarfewercalories.Second，raisinginse

13、ctsischeap，orfree.Littletechnologyorinvestmentisneededtoproducethem.Harvestinginsectscouldprovidelivelihoodstosomeoftheworldspoorestpeople.Finally，insectsareafarmoresustainablesourceoffoodthanlivestock.Livestockproductionaccountsfornearlyafifthofallgreenhousegasemissions，thatsmorethantransport.Bycon

14、trast，insectsproducerelativelyfewgreenhousegasesandraisingthemrequiresmuchlesslandandwater.Andtheyeatalmostanything.Despiteallthis，mostWesternersfindinsectshardtoswallow.Onesolutionistouseproteinextractedfrombugsinotherproductssuchasreadymealsandpastasauces.Nothavingtolookatthebugsandemphasizingthee

15、nvironmentalbenefitsmightmaketheideaofeatinginsectsabitmorepalatable.5.Whatisthedirectreasonwhysomepeopleadvocateeatinginsects?A.Insufficientfoodsupply.B.Climatechange.C.Therapidincreaseofpopulation.D.Insectshighnutrition.6. Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat.A. eatinginsectsishealthierthaneatingbeefB. e

16、atinginsectsispopularamongWesternersC. eatinginsectscanhelppeopleloseweightD. eatinginsectscauseslessdamagetotheenvironment7. Howcanwemakeitmoreacceptabletoeatinsects?A. Byclosingyoureyeswheneatinginsects.B. Byeatinginsectstogetherwithotherfood.C. Byputtinginsectsnutrientsintootherfoodproducts.D.Byc

17、onsideringtheenvironmentalbenefitsofeatinginsects.II. 七选五（xx广东华南师范大学附中月考）Thankstoexpensivedatafees，youmightbetemptedtologontothatfreepublicWiFiservicewhileyoureoutandabout.8“Thinkaboutthecostofbeingconnectedallthetime.Nothingisfree，”DavidLee,aproductmanagerforNorton,toldCNBC.“_9TheHarvardBusinessRev

18、iewagrees：“Youretakingariskeverytimeyoulogontoafreenetworkinacoffeeshop，hotellobby,orairportlounge.”10AccordingtoasurveybythepanySymantic,87percentofU.S.consumershaveusedapublicInternetconnection.Anditwasfoundthatover70percentofthemcheckedtheirpersonalemailthroughpublicWiFi,while11percentloggedontot

19、heironlinebankingaccount.NomatterhowsafetheWiFiconnectionseemstobe,usingitleavesyourputerorsmartphoneeasytobeattackedbyhackersanddatathieves.Youdontreallyknowwhoownsandmonitorsthatrouter,norwhohasaccesstothedatathatpassesthroughit.Nottomention,hackershavedozensofwaystopromisepublicWiFiaccounts,fromc

20、reatinganetworkthatappearslegaltocreatingpopupsthattricktheuserintodownloadingmalware(恶意软件)ontotheirputers.11Toprotectyourselfagainsthackers,expertssayyourbestdefenseisavirtualprivatenetwork(VPN)，whichencrypts(加密)youronlineactivity.YoucandownloadyourveryownVPNthroughanappforAppleorAndroiddevic,esorb

21、yusingthefreeencryptionserviceCyberGhost.12Butbeforeyouevenstartbrowsing，usethiswebsitetomakeapasswordthatkeepsyousafefromhackers.A. TheseareallofthetrickshackersusetohackyourInternetsecurity.B. Thatcansaveyoualotoftrouble.C. Thebiggestthreatisthatyourdataandidentitycouldbepletelyexposed.D. Dontletc

22、onvenienceoutweightheconsequences，though.E. Settingupfirewallsandantivirussoftwarewillalsodefendyourputeragainsthackers.F. Unfortunately,mostpeopleareunawareofthedangers.GHackersusuallystealdatainthisway.III. 语法填空(xx河南漯河高级中学模拟)OverandoveragainImeetbabiesdesperately13.(try)to“readamagazinewithfingers

23、.Iamconstantlyshocke：dHowcantheseparentsstayateasewhentheirkids14.(harm)somuchfromtechnolog?Howonearthcantheynotknowwhatamagazineisinotherways?ResearchersfromCanadalookedatthis.Theresultswerenotg,ooedspeciallyforyoungerchildren.Theyfoundthatparentsthatusedtechnologytoomuchnegativelyaffectedtheir15._

24、(children)senseofsecurity.Besidesbabiesneedimaginationnotinstantsatisfactionwhichis16.screensoftenprovide.“Babiesareoftendistressedandputintobadmoodwhentheyturntotheirparent17.aconnectionanddiscovertheparentisuninterested，”theywrote.Beinginvolvedintoomanyelectronicdevices(设备)18.(be)bad.Buttheideatha

25、tparentsshouldspendalloftheirfreetimeensuringkidsarewelldevelopedisactuallyamodernconceptandan19.(absolute)unrealisticone.OurkidswilljustbefineifwehandovertheiPadatarestauranttohaveagrownupconversation.Imcertainlynotarguingthathoursuponhoursofscreentimeisagoodideaforkids,20.thatweshouldnttrytohaveth

26、eirview21.(broad).Butwhoamongusdidntgiveourparents22.muchneededweekendbreakbysittinginfrontofSaturdaymorningcartoons?答案精析答案精析I.I.语篇解读本文讲述的是无名指和食指的测量可能是有用的，因为我们可以通过测量来预测激素水平。1. D细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知男性无名指通常比食指长，女性无名指和食指差不多一样长。故选 Do2. C观点态度题。第二段作者只是陈述 MarkBrosnan 研究的过程和结果；最后一段作者分别陈述了 Brosnan 的观点和其他人的看法。文

27、中作者并没有表达自己的观点，所以说作者对 Brosnan 的研究持中立观点，故选 C。3. D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，女孩无名指和食指比率越高，语言能力越强，故 A项错误。根据最后一段中的“wearenotsuggestingthatfingerlengthmeasurementscouldreplaceSATtests”可知， 手指长度不能代替学业测试，故 B 项错误。根据第三段第一句可知 C 项错误。根据第二段前两句可知,Brosnan对这项研究很严肃认真。故选 D 项。4. B主旨大意题。文章分析了男性和女性无名指和食指的比率不同，对学习内容有一定的影响，由此表明对手指长度研

28、究的作用。最后一段首句也是提示。故选 Bo语篇解读由于未来世界人口的持续增长，食物供应明显不足，所以有人提议吃昆虫，本文对吃昆虫的好处进行了分析。5.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，一些人提倡吃昆虫的最直接的原因就是食物供应不足，故选 A。6. D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容尤其是最后两句“Bycontrast,insectsproducerelativelyfewgreenhousegasesandraisingthemrequiresmuchlesslandandwater.Andtheyeatalmostanything.”可推断出人类吃昆虫对环境造成的危害更少，故选D。7.

29、C细节理解题。由文章最后一段可知，把昆虫的营养物质放入其他食物里，这样我们更容易接受吃昆虫，故选 C。II.II.语篇解读这篇短文介绍了很多人连接公共网络可能会存在一些隐私被侵犯或者泄露的风险，并提供了应对方法。&D根据下一段中提到一直连接公共 WiFi 你的数据和身份可能会被泄露的风险，推知上一段最后应该表示不要只顾方便要考虑后果。D 项：不要把便利看的比后果重要。符合语境。9. C 根据本段下文提到你在连接着公共网络随时都很危险， 可推知上文应该是解释为什么连接公共网络时随时都会有危险，因为会暴露个人信息。C 项：最大的威胁是你的数据和身份可能被完全暴露。符合语境。10. F上文提

30、到连接公共无线网络很危险，本段介绍很多人使用无线网络消费或者发送邮件或者登陆银行账户，推知人们没有意识到这种危险。F 项：不幸的是，大多数人都没有意识到危险。F项放在此处作为本段首句，引起下文，符合语境。11. A本段介绍了一些黑客有很多方法通过公共网络入侵到你的电脑。A 项：这些都是黑客用来破解你的网络安全的伎俩。放在本段最后对本段做一总结，符合语境。12. E本段是讲如何保护自己免受黑客的侵犯，E 项：设置防火墙和防病毒软件也会保护你的电脑不受黑客攻击。符合本段语境。m.m.13.trying14.areharmed15.childrens16.what17.for18.is19.abso

31、lutely20.or21.broadened22.a2019-20202019-2020 年高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第四周星期五成功与失败年高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第四周星期五成功与失败(I)(I)单词识记：pricegainpurposesuccessfultryaimattemptavoiddisadvantageobjectseekabandonambitionintentionobtainobjectiveA.whoseB.thatjudgmentattaindesiretarget短语扫描：etonothing 完全失败etrue 实现；成为现实 owe.to 把归功于st

32、ickto 坚持；遵守takepainstodosth.努力做某事 giveup 放弃withdifficulty 困难地；艰难地atthepriceof 以的代价makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth.尝试做某事 strugglefor 为而斗争跟踪训练1. 语境填词1.1 wasnt（success）,sotheylookeddownonme.2. Thechildwasfound（被抛弃的）butunharmed.3.Iransaysitsnuclearambitionsareforpeaceful（目的）.4. Theysaidthatthey（试图）tofinish

33、thetaskbeforeJuly.5. Wearelearninghowtoconfrontdeathinsteadof 逃避）itsreality.IIII. .单项填空6. Howyouthechallengeinthesecondhalfwilldeterminewhatyoubeeafterthegame，whetheryouareawinneroraloser.A.respondtoB.submittoCmittoD.stickto7.1 havealwaystoChina,andnowmydreamhas.A. dreaming；etrueB. dreamtofing；etrue

34、C. dreamedtoe；realizedD. dreameding；realizing8._TheWFPhaslaunchedanewappcalledShareTheMealthepotential,peoplebelieve， isenormousasitallowssmartphoneuserstomakedonationswithsaimpletapontheirphone.（xx南通如东、徐州丰县联考）C.whichD.ofwhich9. Evenwiththegiftof10,000,itwasdifficultforhertoamortgage,butsheeventuall

35、yfoundalenderandahouse.A.payB.obtainC.cancelD.accept10.Anoticewasinordertoremindthestudentsofthechangedlecturetime.A.sentupB.givenupC.setupD.putup阅读能力专练I. 阅读理解Theysayacathasninelives,andIthinkthatpossiblesinceIamnowlivingmythirdlifeandImnotevenacat.MyfatherdiedwhenIwas15,andwehadahardstruggletomakea

36、living.Andmymother,whowasseriouslyillinherlastyears,diedwhilestillinher60s.Mysistermarriedsoonafter,andIfollowedherexamplewithintheyear.ThiswaswhenIbegantoenjoymyfirstlife.Iwasveryhappy,inexcellenthealth.IhadagoodjobinSanJoseandabeautifulhomeupthepeninsul 半（岛）inSanCarlos.Lifewasapleasantdream.Thenth

37、edreamended.Ibecameafflictec 使苦恼）withaslowlyprogressivediseaseofthemotornerves,affectingfirstmyrightarmandleg,andthenmyotherside.Thusbeganmysecondlife.InspiteofmydiseaseIstilldrovetoandfromworkeachday,withtheaidofspecialequipmentinstalledinmycar.AndImanagedtokeepmyhealthandoptimism,toadegree,because

38、of14steps.Crazy？Notatall.Ourhomewasanaffairwith14stepsleadingupfromthegaragetothekitchendoor.Thosestepswereastandardmeasureoflife.Theyweremyyardstick,mychallengetocontinueliving.IfeltthatifthedayarrivedwhenIwasunabletoliftonefootuponestepandthendragtheotherpainfullyafteritrepeatingtheprocess14times,

39、IwouldbethroughIcouldthenadmitdefeatandliedownanddie.ThenonadarknightinAugust,197,1Ibeganmythirdlife.ItwasrainingwhenIstartedhomethatnight；strongwindsandslashingrainbeatdownonthecarasIdroveslowlydownoneofthelesstravelledroads.Suddenlythesteeringwheeljerked（猝然一动）.InthesameinstantIheardthebangofablowo

40、ut.Itwasimpossibleformetochangethattire！Utterlyimpossible!IstartedtheengineandthumpedslowlyalonguntilIcametothedirtroad，whereIturnedinandwhereIfoundlightedwindowsweledmetoahouseandpulledintothedrivewayandhonkedthehorn.Thedooropenedandalittlegirlstoodthere.Whensheknewwhathappenedtome，shewentintotheho

41、useandamomentlatercameout，followedbyamanwhocalledacheerfulgreeting.Isattherefortableanddr，yandfeltabitsorryforthemanandthelittlegirlworkingsohardinthestorm.Aboutanhourlater，themansvoicewasheard，“Thisisabadnightforcartrouble，butyoureallsetnow.”“Thanks，”Isaid，“HowmuchdoIoweyou？”Heshookhishead，“Nothing

42、.Cynthiatoldmeyouwereacripple.Gladtobeofhelp.Iknowyouddothesameforme.Theresnocharge，friend.”Iheldoutafivedollarbill，“No！Iliketopaymyway.”Hemadenoefforttotakeitandthelittlegirlsteppedclosertothewindowandsaidquietly，“Grandpacantseeit.”1.“Acathasninelivesheremeans“A.acatcanliveninetimeslongerthananyoth

43、eranimalB.acatcandieninthC.aluckymancannotdieeasilyD.theauthorwillliveninetimes2. Whatdoyouthinkofthemanwhohelpedchangethetire?A. Old，warmheartedbutpitiable.B. Blind，butwarmheartedandhappy.C. Ablindoldmanthathasnothingtodoeveryday.D.Apooroldmanthatisalwaysreadytohelpothers.3.Howdoyouunderstandtheund

44、erlinedsentence“Ifollowedherexamplewithinthe”oyear？A.Helistenedtohissistercarefully.B.Mothertoldhimthathemustgettheagreementfromhissisterforwhateverhewoulddo.C.Hissistergotmarried.He，too.D.Hissisterwasagreatwoman.Hemustlearnfromher.II任务型阅读Themostmonuseofintelligencetestscoresistopredictdegreeofacade

45、micsuccess.Suchscoresareusedinsomemunitiesasbasesforadmittingablechildrentoschoolsatagesyoungerthannormal，andtheyareverygenerallyusedtodetermineadmissionstoschoolsbeyondpublicsecondaryschool.Anothermonuseinelementaryschoolsinvolvesparingsuchscoreswithperformancesinvarioussubjectstoidentifychildrenwh

46、oareworkingbelowcapacity.Thegreatestprobleminusingintelligencetestsforthepurposeofpredictionisthatnodependablecriterionoftheiraccuracyexists.Theidealcriteriawouldbeobjectiveandreliableachievementtestsfollowinginstructionsineachsubject，buttherearefewsuchtests，especiallyatthecollegelevel.Studieshavesh

47、ownthatcorrelations（相关性）betweenintelligencetestsandachievementtestsinvarioussubjectsthroughsecondaryschoolrangeroughlyfrom0.5to0.8.Suchcorrelationsarefairlyhigh，buttheydonotsuggestanywherenearpleteagreement.Atthecollegeleveltherearetwomajortestsusedascriteriaofadmission.ByfarthemoreimportantistheCol

48、legeEntranceExamination，constructedbytheEducationalTestingServiceauthorizedbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoard.ThesetestsarereturnedtotheEducationalTestingServiceforscori，ngandtheresultsarethenmadeavailabletothevariouscollegesauthorizedbythestudentstoreceivethem.ThesecondtestofthistypeistheAmerican

49、CollegeTest，whichoperatesinessentiallythesamefashion.Bothtestsconstitute（组成）measuresofcertainskills,abilities,andknowledgethathavebeenfoundtoberelatedtosuccessincollege.Theircorrelationswithacademicsuccessarelimitedforthreeoutstandingreasons.First,measuresofachievementincollegearethemselvesperhapsno

50、morereliablethanthoseinelementaryandsecondaryschools.Second,intellectualfactorsdonotalonedetermineacademicsuccess,especiallyatthecollegelevel.Manystudentsdropoutofschoolsbecausetheyareinadequatelymotivatedorbecausetheydisliketheinstructionalprogramme.Third,correlationsareloweredbecausetheuseofsuchte

51、stsfordenyingadmissiontosomestudentsmeansthattherangeofscoresforthoseadmittedisrestricted,andsuchrestrictionstendtoreducecorrelations.Totellin5.thedegreeofacademicsuccess.mon4.ofTohelpadmitchildrenwithoutstanding6.toschoolattheageintelligenceyoungerthanordinary.testscoresTofindoutchildrenwith7.abili

52、tyinprimaryschoolthanaverage&withIdealcriteriaforobjectiveandreliableachievementtestsinintelligencetestscollegecoursesare9.tofind.Correlationsbetweenintelligencetestsandachievementtestsarefairlyhighbutstilllimited.TwomajortestsatthecollegelevelCEEACTBothtestsarescoredbytheEducationalTestingServi

53、ce.The10.oftheCollegeEntranceExaminationwillbesenttothecollegesthatthestudentschoose.Thecorrelationswithacademicsuccessarelimitedforthreereasonsas11.a.Measuresofcollegeachievementareas12.asthoseinprimaryandmiddleschools.b. Academicsuccessisdeterminedbymanyotherfactors13.fromintellectualones.c. Admis

54、sionrestrictionstendtoreducecorrelations.答案精析答案精析高考高频单词与短语识记排查跟踪训练I.I. .successful2.abandoned3.purposes4.attempted5.avoidingII.II.6.A句意为：你对下半场如何反应将会决定比赛后你成为成功者还是失败者。respondto 作出反应；submitto 提交，呈递；mitto 忠诚，全心全意于；stickto 坚持。故选 A。7. B句意为：我经常梦想到中国去，现在我的梦想终于实现了。dreamof 梦想；etrue 实现。&D考查定语从句。句意为：世界粮食计划署已经推出一个新的应用软件叫做 ShareTheMeal，人们相信它的潜力是巨大的，因为它允许智能手机的用户用手机简单的点击就可以捐赠。使用定语从句，先行词是 anewapp,定语从句中完整表达是 t