(完整word版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习(可编辑修改word版)

1、高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，

2、从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Plea

3、sepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语）18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副

4、词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用。例如：Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后whHn,where

5、,why和介+which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。18.3判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIsta

6、yedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的ft村。IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.（对）Illneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习

7、惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词关系副例1.Isthismuseumyouvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumisyouvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseumtheexh

8、ibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选Do而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选Ao关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，wh

9、y原因状语）。18.4限制性和非限制性定语从句1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。邙限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：CharlesSmit

10、h,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme他似

11、乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。18.5介词+关系词1 ）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2 ）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的，介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyoure

12、memberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?18.6as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth,如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类

13、很重要。典型例题1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it答案Bowhich可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而hat不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连

14、接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）Itrainedhardyesterday,preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it答案B.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。72?as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。as的用法例1.thes

15、ame.as；such.as中的as是一种固定结构，和一样。例如：Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。Asisknown,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。18.9关系代词that的用法1X不用that的情况a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）Thetree,t

16、hatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b）介词后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。作先行词时，只用that不在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,littl用which.c）先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只

17、用that。d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。定语从句1.TheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.A. WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2. Doyouknowtheman?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.Ispoke

18、toD.thatIspoke3. Thisisthehotellastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4. DoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5. Thatistheday_Illneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6. Thefactorywellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhe

19、re.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7. Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactoryweareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8. Thisisoneofthebestfilms.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9. Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyou

20、talkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10. Thepenheiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11. Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.TheengineerA.towhom13.ItthereanyoneinyourclassA.whoB.whosC.whichmyfatherworksisabout50yearsold.D.withwhomB. onwhomC.

21、withwhichfamilyisinthecountry?D.whose14.1minterestedinyouhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.that15.1 wanttousethesamedictionaryA.whichB.whoC.what16. Heisntsuchamanheusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.that17. HeisgoodatEnglish,weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18. LiMing,totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwho

22、mIwentC.withwhoIwent19.1 dontlikeasyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelswasD.whichusedyesterday.D.asD.asC.suchnovelsD.IwentwithhimD.samenovels20. Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21. Theletterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22

23、. Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofarewomen.A.themB.whichC. whomD.who23. YouretheonlypersonIveevermetcoulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.1 lostabook,Icantremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.f

24、orwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.1 haveboughtsuchawatchwasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.1 canneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28. Thewayhelooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29. Thisisthereasonhedidntcometo

25、themeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30. Thismachine,formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31. Thereasonhedidntcomewashewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32. Heisworkinghard,willmakeh

26、impassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33. ThatisnotthewayIdoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.1 havetwogrammars,areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.1 wanttousethesametoolsusedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36. Myneighboursusedtog

27、ivemeahandintimeoftrouble,wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37. ThisisthemagazineIcopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38. Heisnotsuchamanwouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39. Youcandependonwhateverpromisehemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40. Smoking,isabadhabit,is,how

28、ever,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41. -Didyouasktheguardhappened?-Yes,hetoldmeallheknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42. IshallneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43. Thenumberofthepeoplewhocars

29、increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44. Duringthedays,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45. Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46. Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,hecouldseewasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.thro

30、ughthat;whatD.what;that47. IssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48. Johngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49. Ihaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50. Allthatcanbeeaten

31、eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen参考答案一单项选择定语从句15ACABA610BCCAD1115CBDDA1620DCABB2126BBBADD参考答案及解析1. A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2. C.和谁讲话要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3. D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5. A.which是关系代词，在从句

32、中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6. C.解析同第5题。7. A.解析见第3题。8. A.本句话的先行词应该是films，因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the,则theone应该视为先行词。9. A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. A.withwhich是介词+关系代词结构，常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思，介词之后只能用which，不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语,即heisw

33、ritingwithapen.11. C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.12. D.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13. D.whose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语.14. A.that引导定语从句，因为先行词是all，所以只能选用that引导.15. D.thesameas是固定用法,as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16. D.suchas是固定用法,as引导定

34、语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17. B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18. B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19. C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such.as或thesame.as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词,

35、as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha，本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.20. B.things和persons是先行词当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人，又表示物的名词时，其关系代词要用that.21. D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22. C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23. D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句wh

36、ocoulddoit.who在从句中作主语，不可省略.24. A.whosetitle引导非限制性定语从句,whosetitle也可以说成thetitleofwhich25. A.forwhich引导定语从句，使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语befamousfor以而闻名.26. C.当先行词被such修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.27. A.两个先行词theday都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28. D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in（或其他介词）+which、when或where，而that常可省略