2018年兰州市一诊试题与答案

1、座位号甘肃省兰州市2018届高三一诊英语试题第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATravelexpertsacrosstheglobepublishmuch-anticipatedliststhataimtoexcitereadersaboutupcomingtraveltrends.Hereisa2018listthaturgestravelerstoexplorenewcities,trynewfood,experiencenewculturesandgainnewviews.

2、ChileThislong,skinnysliceofSouthAmericasuccessfullypacksapowerfulpunch,withstrangecharmsinValparaiso,excellentwineintheMaipovalleyanddiverselandscapesacrosstheArcadianDesert,ChileanPatagoniaandEasterIsland.Flyingisthemostconvenientwaytogetaround,butflightsarenotcheap.Busesaremorewallet-friendly,andC

3、hilesbussystemisefficient,butbusjourneyscaneasilytake17to36hours.MontenegroThecountryscoastlineisitsbestfeature,anditswindingcoastalroadsandmountain-meets-oceanscenerycreatetheperfectbackgroundforaroadtrip.SleepyseasidealongtheBayofKotorarehometomom-and-poprestaurantsandeleganthotels,whilethewalledc

4、ityofKororoffersviewsoftheclassicredrooftopsoftheAdriatic.MadagascarMadagascar,theworldsfourth-largestislandoneofthemostbiodiverse（生物多样的）placesontheplanet,hasenrapidlyaffectedbyclimatechange.Visitingthecountrycanserveasaneducationalopportunityfortravelerswhowanttounderstandthebadeffectsofglobalwarmi

5、ngandirresponsiblehumanactions,Somecant-missexperiencesinMadagascarincludeswimmingandsnorkelingaroundNosyBe,spottinglemurs（狐猴）inRanomafanaNationalPark,admiringtherockylandscapesofIsaloNationalParkandasunsetwalkalongtheAvenueoftheBaobabsAbuDhabi,theUAEAfter10yearsofplanningandnearly$2billionincosts,t

6、heLouvreAbuDhabicelebrateditsgrandopeningonNov,11,2017.Now,loversofartandarchitectureareracingtotheUnitedArabEmiratescapitaltoseeitsnewestfeatofmoderndesign-theproductofFrencharchitectJeanNouvel.TheLouvreAbuDhabisslogan,seehumanityinanewlight,drawsattentiontothemuseummissiontoemphasizethecommonaliti

7、esandcelebratethedifferencesbetweeneasternandWesternart.第1页WhileinAbuDhabi,travelerscanalsocheckoutthecitysotherfamousarchitecturalwonder-sheikhZayedrandMosque-whichwasratedtheworldssecond-bestlandmarkinTripadvisors2017TravelersChoiceAwards.1.WhichofthefollowingisadisadvantageoftravellingbybusinChil

8、e?A. Itisveryexpensive.B. Itmaynothelpyousavetime.C. Busesdontrunatbusyhours.D. Busesarealwaysverycrowded.2. WhatdoyouknowabouttravellinginMadagascarfromthepassage?A. Itsmuchcheapertogoaroundbybusthanbyplane.B. Youcantakeagoodtripalongthebeautifulcoastalroads.C. Youcanlearnmoreabouttheimpactsofclima

9、techange.DItsagoodchancetoseegreenmountainsandredrooftops.3. Ifyouareinterestedinartandarchitecture,youcantravelto.A. ChileB.MontenegroC.MadagascarD.AbuDhabi,theUAEBAsuccessfulbusinessman,addressingthecommercialclubofhiscity,toldastoryofanorphan（孤儿）namedJim.Jimwas12yearsold,whowasthelaughingstockoft

10、hewholetown.Heneverrememberedhavingakindwordspokentohiminhiswholelife.OnedayasJimwalkeddownthestreet,hesawsomeflowersslipfromalittleladysarmsjustinfrontofhim.Jimgathereduptheflowersandreplacedtheminherarms.Thankyou,dear;youareanicelittleboy.”shesaidkindly,andwentonherwayaftergivinghimabrightsmile.Ji

11、mwasamazed.Thesewerethefirstkindwordshehadeverheardinhiswholetwelveyearsofexistence.Hestoodandstaredafterheruntilshewasoutofsight,thenhemadestraightforastream.Hesatdownonthebankofthestreamanddidsomethinking.Thankyou,dear;youareanicelittleboy,hethought.Finallytheboypulledfromhispocketsapieceofbrokenm

12、irrorandlookedathimself.Hesawnothingbutdirt.Hewentdowntothewaterandwashedhisfacecarefully,almostpainfully.Thenhelookedagain.Hescarcelyrecognizedhimself.Hestoodstraightandlookedupinsteadofdownforthefirsttimesincehecouldremember.Afeedingofself-respectawokewithinhisbeing.Atthatmomentthecourseofhislifew

13、aschanged;adeterminationtobeworthyofthekindwordsspokentohimbythelittlelady,andtopassthemon,tookpossessionofhissoul.AftertellingthisstoryofJim,thespeakerpausedandthenheshockedtheaudiencebysaying,Gentlemen,Iwasthatboy.Thatgentlewomanimplantedinmylifethefirstseedofkindness.AsatributetohermemoryIhavetol

14、dyouthisstory?共5页4. Whatdoestheauthormeanbythelaughingstockinparagraph2?A. Jimlikedplayingjokesonothers.B. Jimwasalwayslaughedatbyothers.C. Jimwasgoodatmakingothershappy.D. Jimhadinterestintellingfunnystories.5. Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribethelady?A. BraveB.CleverCFriendlyD.Honest6. W

15、hatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A. Jimwantedpeopletosaykindwordstoothers.B. Theladybecameveryfamousbecauseofthatstory.C. ItwasthefirsttimeforJimtotellhisstorytoothers.D. Jimmadeatotofmoneybytellinghisstoriestoothers.7. Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A. AStoryofJimB.AGoodLadyC.AKindWordD.ASuccessfulB

16、usinessmanCChildrenallovertheworldwhohavetriedthepotatoorlemonbatteryexperimentsknowthatanelectricalcurrentcanbegeneratedbycreatingareactionbetweenthefoodandtwodifferentmetals.However,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhavefoundawaytoharvestpowerfromtrees.Theyusethesamemetalforbothele

17、ctrodes（电极）specificallyinordernottoconfusethiseffectwiththepotatoeffect.Whileprovingthattreescanprovideasourceofpowerisasignificantstep,akeyquestionremains:canthetinyvoltage（电压）producedbyatreebeusedforanythinguseful?Nowscientistsaredebatingoverhowtousethispowersourceforhumanbenefits.Themostpractical

18、thingisfirealarmforforestdepartment,originatingfromthetreeitself.Treeselectricpowercanchargeabattery.Thisbatteryinturnwillbeconnectedtoasmallsensor.Thissensorwillpowerabriefradiotransmission（传送）.Thatradiosignalwilltransportdailysoilandairconditionmeasurementstoanetworkofmuchlarger,solarpoweredForest

19、-Serviceenvironmentalmonitoringstations.Thosesensorswiltalsogiveoutacrisissignalintheeventofasuddenrisein-airtemperaturethatmightindicatetheoutbreakofaforestfire.Itrulybelieveithaspotential,saidVictoriaHenderson,branchchiefforequipmentandchemicalsattheForestServicedNationalInteragencyFireCenter.Ifth

20、iscanenhance（提高）ourexistingtechnologytoadegreethatwouldgainusalotmorefireprotection,thenwedlookataplantopurchaseitforournationwideinfrastructure（基础设施）,whichishugeResearchershavediscoveredthatthegreaterthepHdifferencebetweenthetreeandthesoilthe第3页moretheenergywillbeproduced.Someresearchersalsoadmitth

21、attreepowerisntaspracticalassolarenergy,butbelievethatthesystemcouldbescaled-upasalow-costoptionforpoweringtreesensorsthathelpdetectenvironmentalconditionsorforestfires,Usingtheelectronicoutputtokeeptrackofatreeshealthisanotherpossibility.8. Whydoestheauthormentionthepotatobatteryexperimentinthefirs

22、tparagraph?A. Toexplainwhatitis.B. Tostresstheimportanceofelectricity.C. Tointroducethepowersourcefromtrees.D. Toencouragepeopletotrythisexperiment.9. Whatdoweknowaboutthefirealarmmentionedinthethirdparagraph?A. Thefirealarmcanmakeaveryloudsound.B. Smokefromafirecancausethealarmtogooff.C. Theelectri

23、cpoweritneedscomesfromthetree.D. Ithasbeenwidelyusedintheforestdepartment.10. WhatsVictoriaHendersorfsattitudetowardsthefirealarmsystem?A. CautiousB.FavorableC.DisapprovingD.Unconcerned11. Whatcausestreestocreateelectricalcurrents?A. Thesensorimplantedinthetree.B. Thenewwayadoptedbytheresearchers.C.

24、 Thespecialmetalusedinthebatteryexperiment.D. ThepHdifferencebetweenthesoilandthetrees.DInthelastfewyears,youmayhavenoticedthetermmicroplasticsinthenews.Microplasticsaretinypiecesofplasticfromdiscarded（丢弃的）plasticbottles,bagsandcontainersthatendupinrivers,lakesandoceanBecausetheyaresotinyandhardtose

25、e,researcherssetsailtocollectwatersamplesandestimatetheamountofplasticintheocean.The5GyresInstitute,anorganizationaimedatreducingplasticspollutioninouroceansestimatesthat296,000tonsofplasticarefloatingintheworldsoceans.But,ifyouthinkthatoceansaretheonlywaterbodieswithamicropiasticsproblem,thinkagain

26、-theproblemisalsoreportedintheChesapeakeBay,inownbackyard.Inapartnershipwiththe5GyresInstitute,TrashFreeMarylandtooktotheChesapeakeBayinNovembertostudythepresenceofmicropiasticsinthewater.SettingoutfromDeale,Md,theresearchteamcollectedsevensamplesbydraggingatrawl（拖网）foranhouratatime.Thetrawlwasfitte

27、dwithacone-shaped（锥形的）netwhoseholesmeasure330microns（微米）wide,aboutthewidthoftwotothreestrandsofhumanhair.Waterflowsthroughthemainopeningandthefinemesh（网眼）ofnetensuresanythingsuspendedmthewateristrappedbehind.共5页Insevensamples,thenetpickedupalgae（海藻）trash,foamandplastic.Accordingtothe5GyresInstituter

28、epresentative,thefirstsamplecollectedcontainedalmost10timestheamountofplasticthanwouldbecollectedinatypicaloceansample.TheplasticfoundintheChesapeakeBaysamplesincludedbitsofbags,sheeting,fishinglineandmicrobeads,whicharesmallplasticscrubbers（磨砂）foundinfacewash,toothpasteandcleaningproductsMicrobeads

29、inparticularareamajorsourceofmicroplasticspollutionworldwide.Theyaresmallenoughtobypasswatertreatmentsystemsfilters（过滤器）andendupinwaterways.Scientistswarnthatchemicalsandtoxins篙素）absorbedbymicrobeadsandothermicropiasticscouldbepassedontoorganismswhomistakethemforfoodandeatthem,andcouldthenbepassedup

30、higherandhigheronthefoodchain,eventuallyreachinghumans.12. Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A. Thedescriptionofthetrawl.B. Thebasicdataofthewatersamples.C. Theprocessofcollectingwatersamples.D. TheintroductionofTrashFreeMaryland.13. WhatdoestheunderlinedwordTheyinthelastparagraphreferto?A.Bitsofb

31、agsB.ChemicalsC.MicrobeadsD.Micropiastics14. Howdocstheauthorproveplasticspollutioncanbeharmfultopeopleshealth?A.ByanalyzingthedataB.BymakingcomparisonC.BygivingsomeexamplesD.Byreferringtoscientists7views15. Whatstheauthorspurposeinwritingthispassage?A. Toexplainsomenewscientifictermstopeople.B. Tol

32、etpeoplelearnmoreaboutplasticspollution.C. Tourgegovernmentstomakeenvironmentallaws.D. Totellpeoplesomenewfindingsinscientificresearch.第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余。Whatisfriendship?Theanswersmaybedifferent.16.Wecannotlivewithoutfriendshipjustaswecannotlivewithoutairand

33、water.Friendshipgivesusafeelingofsafetyandwarmth,andfriendshipencouragesustogoaheadallthetime.17.Whenwefeelhappy,wecanshareourhappinesswithfriends.Whenwefeeldown,friendswillcomfortus.Ifweareoverconfident,ourfriendscanpersuadeus,andtheycanmakeusconfidentandbravewhenwearediscouraged.Friendshipisvaluab

34、le.Itcantouchyourheartandgiveyouhope.Manypeopleareproudofhavingagoodfriend.18.Ifyouhelpyourfriendsfornoreasonbutsimplybecausetheyareyourfriends,thismeansthatyouregardyourfriendsasyourself.Thisistruefriendship.第3页Infact,friendshipisntalwayseasilykept.19.,youshouldtreathimorherlikeyouwanttobetreated.K

35、eepthesecretsthatyourfriendtellsyou.Keepyourpromisewithyourfriend.Sharethingswithyourfriend.Stickupforyourfriend.Weshouldtryourbesttoprotectthefriendshipfrombeinghurt.Asanoldsayinggoes,Friendshipcannotstandalwaysononeside.Truefriendshipshouldbeabletostandailkindsoftests.Becauseoffriendship,ourlivesa

36、refullofhappiness.Therefore,themorefriendswehave,themorepleasurewecansharewiththem.LetssayThankyoutoourfriendsfortheirloveandcare.20.,neverforgettokeepthebeautifulfriendship!A. WhenyouwanttokeepafriendB. Ifnot,theirfriendshipstillcannotlastlongC. NomatterwherewegoorwhowebecomeD. Everyoneneedsfriends

37、andiseagertogetfriendshipE. TruefriendshipmustbesincereandmustnothaveconditionsF. ButonethingisclearthatfriendshipisthemostimportantthinginourlifeG. Sometimespeoplehavegoodfriendswhentheyareyoungandstudyinginschool第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳

38、选项。MydaughterKellyisacautiousperson.Sheneedstowarmuptosituations,andis21totrynewthingsWhenwithclosefriends,shebecomesa22wholaughsloudlyandchants,Girlsrule,boysdrool.Butwhenthat23zoneisnotaroundher,sheisshyand24.Thishasbeenchallengingforme25.ShvisnotawordthatIthinkhaseverbeenusedto26me.Butthishasbeen

39、ayearof27formygirlthathasfilledherwithayearof28.Thisyearshemovedtolaplaneswimmingwhereshewaspreparingforaswimteam.ThisyearsheteamedtorideabikewithouttrainingwheelsAndthisyearshe29herfirstkidstriathlon（三项全能）.OnSaturday,withathunderstormcomingsoonandmysonsbirthdaypartylaterintheday,weallwentoutintheda

40、rkofthemorningforKellyto30herfirsttriathlon.Wepracticedtransitionsfromswimto31andtorunwithher.Wegotalltheequipmentshedneedandwekepttalkingaboutthe32.Butaswewaitedthetwohoursfortheolderkidstofinishbeforeher33.she34_mylegalittleharderandtoldmeshelovedmeafewtoomanytimes.Shewasnervousbuttryingtokeepcalm

41、.Andthenitwastimeforhertogo.Fromthesecondshejumpedintothewater,myheart35quickly.Mydaughter36intothemostconfidenthumanbeingIhadeverseen.Shedominatedthatswim,crushedthatbikerideandrantothe37withthebiggestsmileonherface.IcanhonestlysaythatIneverfeltso38ofsomeoneinmyentirelife.Itwasntbecauseshedidasport

42、oranythinglikethat.Itwasbecauseshewasafraidofsomethingand39thatfearwith共5页confidenceandafireIhadntseenbefore.AlldayIwouldfindmyselfjustlookingoveratherandsmiling.ShemightbewearingthefinalistmedalbutfeltlikeI40thatclay.21.A.braveB.eagerC.hesitantD.willing22.A.troublemakerB.leaderC.thinkerD.fighter23.

43、A.comfortB.dangerC.hardshipD.compromise24.A.scaryB.nervousC.painfulD.thrilled25.A.sometimesB.sometimeC.ontimeD.attimes26.A.attractB.catchC.describeD.meet27.A.firstsB.secondsC.finalsD.ends28.A.circumstanceB.confidenceC.coincidenceD.dependence29.A.defeatedB.lostCcompletedD.quitted30.A.arrangeB.attendC

44、.achieveD.accompany31.A.busB.bikeC.taxiD.motorcycle32.A.raceB.lifeC.testD.assignment33.A.chanceB.turnC.failureD.success34.AheldB.pressedC.squeezedD.scratched35.A.settledB.aroseC.sankD.rose36.A.translatedB.transplantedC.transformedD.transported37.A.standB.summitC.deadlineD.finish38.A.ashamedB.sensibl

45、eC.proudD.critical39.A.seizedB.conqueredC.graspedD.possessed40.A.wonB.lostC.reservedD.removed第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Parkour(跑酷)isasportwhichtrainspeopletodealwithanyphysicalobstaclesintheirpath.Itisnotacompetitionbutaphysicaltraining.Apersonjoininginparkouriscalledatr

46、aceur.Traceursrunalongapathanduseonlytheirbodiestodealwiththeobstaclesinthemostefficientway.Parkourpaysmoreattentiontoefficiency,41(make)itdifferentfromthesimilarpracticeoffreerunning.Parkour42(common)includesrunningjumping,climbing,rollingandothersimilartypesofphysicalmovements.Manyteenagersthinkth

47、atparkourisquite43coolsport.Theyhavegreatinterestinit.The44(invent)ofparkourcant45(give)toonepersonbecausemanypeoplehaveworkedonit.AFrenchofficerdevelopedtheearlierformofparkour.ThetermparkourwasfirstintroducedbyDavidBelleandSebastianFoucanintheearly1980s.46thattime,theyweretwoteenagers.Thissport47(

48、become)morepopularinthe1990swhenmanyfilmsweremadeonit.48makesparkourdifferedfromothersportsisitspowertobringpeopletogether.Itallowstraceurstoforgetthe49(society)andotherproblems,andmakesalargegroupworkingandgrowingtogetherinsteadofcompetingwitheachother.Peoplecanbenefitfromparkourasitcanmakethemstro

49、nger.Still,italsoinfluencesonesthoughtprocessbyimprovingself-confidenceandcritical-thinkingskills.Inthisway,parkourallowsonetodealwith50(difficulty)indailylifeifheorshedealswiththemthroughparkour.第三部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错淏,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅

50、涉及一个单词的増加、删除或修改增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分Yesterdayafternoonmyfriends,XiaoMing,andIwentskatingonthelake.Assoonaswegothere,webegantoskatehappily.Suddenly,Inoticedsomethingusual.ThemomentIwarnedXiaoMingtotakecareof,theicebrokebutheslippedintothewater.Ihadnochoicebutcryforhelp.Afte