初中英语八年级下册-m3-4现在完成时讲解及练习

1、3-4模块现在完成时讲解及练习现在完成时结构:S （主语）+ have/has（单三人称用bas）+p.p.（过去分词）+时间状语（for+时间段/ since +时间点/since+从句用一般过去时）.过去分词1.规则动词的过去式和过去完成时是一致的。2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词大部分一致，少数要求一一记忆 watch _watched _watched live Jivedlivedstud_studied_studied双写：preferpreferred preferreddrop_dropped_droppedAAA 类型： cut cut cutput_putputAAB 类型

2、：beat beat beatenABC 类型：fly flew flown begin began begun write wrote written ABB 类型：buy bought bought lose lost lost ABA 类型:come came comerun ran run现在完成时的标志词 already （已经），yet（只用于否定句和疑问句句尾，用在否定句中翻译成“还没”, 用在疑问句中翻译成“已经”）,Just（刚刚）,ever（曾经）,never（绝不,从不）,before（之 前）,so far（到目前为止）,since（自以来）,for+时间段瞬间动词和延

3、续性动词的转化瞬间动词，也叫终止性动词、点动词、非延续性动词、短暂性动词。这类动词所 表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成，不能延续下去，即动作从开始到结束所持续的时 间极短。瞬间动词往往表示动作的结果，或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。（arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die）在完成时当中瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用（不能和since, for, how long连用）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。如：study, work, stand, lie, walk, keep, have,wait, watch, sing, read, sleep,

4、live, stay 等等。那如果非要与表示时间段的时间状语连用怎么办？把瞬间动词转换成延续性动词。leave-be away (from) come/go (to) fee (in/at) arrive (at/in)-be (in/at) get (to)-be (in/at) reach-be(jn/at) buy- haveborrow- keep finish- be over例如：1.这支钢笔我已经买了五年了。I have had Ihc pen for five ycais.I have had Ihc pen since five、eais ago.It is five yea

5、rs since I boughl ihc pen.It has been five years since I boughl【he pen.I boughl he pen five yeais aeo.join- be in/be a/an. start/begin-be on die be dead close-4De closed open-be open return-be back marry-be married become-t)e2 . Tom的爷爷已经过世5年了。Tom's giandfathcr has been dead for five years.星戈者 To

6、m's gnmdfathei has been dead since five years ago.且戈行 It is five years since Tom's qiandfathei died.或者 It has been five years since Tom's crandfathcr died.或者 Toni's grandfather died five years ago.3 .这场电影已经开始了 5分钟。The film has been on fbi five minules.星戈者 The film has been on since f

7、ive minutes ago.或者 II is five minutes since he film bean .或者 It has been five minutes since ihc film began .或者 The 行Im began five minutes aao但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。我两年没看见你了。I haven't seen you for two yeais.或者 I haven't seen you since Iwo years ago.或者 It is Iwo yeais since I saw you wo years ag

8、o.或者 It has been two yeais since I saw you two years ago.现在完成时练习题：一、用所给单词的正确形式填空.1.1 already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father just(come) back from work. He is tired now.6.4. Where-s Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher's office.5. I(work) here sinc

9、e I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long the Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.1.1 just(finish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(find) your science book yet?11. If it(be) fine tomorrow, TH go with you.12. The students(read) English when th

10、e teacher came in.13. Look! The monkey(climb) the tree.14. My mother(come) to see me next Sunday.15. Fve lost my pen.you(see) it anywhere?二、单项.1. How long have you here?A. come B. got C. airived D. been2. My grandpa died.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane h

11、as to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5. "Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?-I will. I her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. "What a nice dress! How l

12、ong you it?-Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7. -Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and I friends since we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. "H

13、ello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?-Sorry. He the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. "you ever to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / re

14、ach sp / come / go / move to sp> be in sp / at school / at home / on the fann / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for five minutes.2) I moved to the USA in 2008.I the USA since 2008.They came here last week.They here since. come to / go back to / return to> be

15、back to go out > be out1) He came out two years ago. He for.2) We return to Beijing yesterday. We to Beijing since become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I a teacher for.2) The river became dirty last year.The river dirty for. close > be closedopen be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The

16、shop for 2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door for six hours.' get up > be up；die > be dead； leave sp. > be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep > be asleep； finish / end > be over； many be mamed；1) I got up two hours ago. I since.2) He left Shanghai just now.He S

17、hanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I since6) They married in 1990.They since start / begin to do sth. do sth. ； begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I at this sch

18、ool since .2) The film began two minutes ago.The film for borrow keep： lose not have ； buy> have ； put on > wearcatch / get a cold > have a cold； 1) They borrowed it last week.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.3) I got to know him last year.get to know > know They it since .I a pen forI hi

19、m since4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I my glasses for:have / has gone to > have been inHe has gone to Beijing. He Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army> be a league member /a Paity member / a soldier2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother a forMy

20、 brother in for two years.四、划线提问1) I have been there for two days.you2) My father has lived here since 2000. your father?3) He left here yesterday.he?4) They bought a book two hours ago. they a book?五、JTJ have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei?B: He to Hainan Island.A: How long he there?

21、B: He there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I'm afraid he won't come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I never there.A: How many times Li Fei to that place?B: He there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式

22、填空。1) Where is Jack? He his country.2) David the park just now.3) John England since he came back.4) How long they this village?5) The Smiths Beijing for many years.6)you ever America? - Yes, I there many times.7) I this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He the farm.9) When he? He an hou

23、r ago.10) Would you like to to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I there before.11) Where you now? - I to the zoo.12) He often swimming.13) you there last year?14) they often skating in winter?七.用“never, ever, already, just, yet, fo】，since” 填空.1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack

24、has finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “Have you seen the film?” “No, I have seen it.”5. “Has the bus left?” “Yes, it has left."八.用适当的时态填空：1.She's(live) here eve】 since she was ten.1.80 th of them(be) in Hongkong for ten days.1.81 th of them(come) to Ho

25、ngkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour(pass) since the train(leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen.you(see) it here and there?6. you(find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I just(have) some orange.8. We already(return) the book.9. they(build) a new school in the village?1.1 1(not finish) my homework . Ca

26、n you help me?11. My father(read) the novel twice.12. I(buy) a book just now.13. I(lost) my watch yesterday.14. My father(read) this book since yesterday.参考答案一、1. have seen ; saw.2. Have finished.3. has come.4. has gone .5. have worked , moved.6. have made.7. have stayed.8. have finished.9. goes.10.

27、 Have found.11. is.12. were reading .13. is climbing.14. will /is going to come.15. Have seen.二、1-5 DCBBB 6-10DCCBB三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 1. has been in , five minutes2. have been in , 20083. have been at, two days4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years2. have been back , yeste

28、rday 1. have been , twenty years2. has been , one year 1. has been closed , two hours2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago2. has been away from3. has been dead , eighteen years4. has been over5. have been asleep , two hours ago6. have been married ,1990 1. have taught ,19952. has been on

29、, two minutes 1. have kept, last week2. have had , two hours3. have known , last year4. have worn , three years has been in has been , soldier , two yearshas been , the army四、划线提问1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy五、have(has) been 或 have(has) gone