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1、学员编号:年 级:高三课时数:学员姓名:辅导科目:英语学科教师:授课类型状语从句授课日期及时段教学内容考情分析五年考情分析一状语从句时间2009 年2010 年2011 年2012 年2013 年占分22222题号第28、32题第34、 39题第36、 37题第32、 40题第30、 36趣考点结果状从 时间状从让步状从 条件状从时间状从 目的状从条件状从 时间状从让步状从 地点状从考点解读1、思维导图状语从句2、时间、让步、条概念时间状语从句 地点状语从句 条件状语从句目的状语从句分类 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句1让步状语从句关键连词卜p时间状语从句1重要考点,让
2、步状语从句1条件状语从句 件状语从句重难点讲解重难点一.时间状语从句中常考连词的用法及区别1. when, while, as1)表示主句的动作正在进行的过程中,从句的动作发生了,这时候 导从句。2)当表示两个短暂性动作同时发生时,用 when, as引导从句。when, while, as可以换用,来引列表如下:连词 用法whenas从句的动作和主句的动作可 以同时发生,也可以先后发 生;可以指时间的某个点,也 指一段时间。从句的动作与主句的动作同 时发生;可以指时间的某个 点,也指一段时间。while从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,强调一段时间;从句 中常用过去进行时态或一般 过去时态。谓
3、语动词意义延续性动词 非延续性 动词当,时候延续性动词随着非延续性一边动词一"边当,时候延续性动词当,时候 在期间例句When they heard the news,jumped with joy.I owed Jack $ 100 when I London.The students sang asAs he stood up, he droppedglass, breaking it into pieces.While I was reading ,I made someI was in London.allinhe came注意:1.只能用when的几种情况1)当主句的谓语是
4、 was/ were doing sth,从句的动作矢然发生时;2)当主句的谓语是 was/ were about to do时;3)当主句的谓语是 was/ were going to do时;4)当主句的谓语是 was/ were on the polnt of doing 时。2 .用while的情况1) while引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词,而不能是非延续性动词。2) while可以表示主、从句所言的两种情况相反或相对比,可译为而”,但此时while引导的不是时间状语从句。3 .只能用as的情况1) as表示随着”之意时;2) as表示 .边一"边”时;3)当表示主
5、从句两个短暂性动作同时发生时。2.从属连词: as soon as , immediately , directly , the moment , the minute , no sooner.than., hardly /scarcely. when. , once, 如:Once you remember it, you ' ll never forget it. 旦你t己住它, 就永远不会忘t己。The moment I heard the voice , I knew father was coming.我听至U声音,就知道是父亲来了。No sooner had we arri
6、ved at the station than the train left. 我们至U达车站,车就开了。 注意:1) as soon as,当主句是一般将来时,从句必须用一般现在时表示将来。2) 在 hardly.when/ scarcely.when/ no sooner.than 结构中, 当 hardly/ scarcely / no sooner 放在句首时,主 句必须用倒装语序;主句的时态须用过去完成时,从句须用一般过去时。如:我一到家,天就开始下雨了。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.-Hardly had I got hom
7、e when it began to rain.3) the moment, the minute , the second, the instance后直接接从句。4) immediately , instantly 后直接接从句。3. till , until (notuntil/till直到 才)连词用法动词意义例句till/until主语和从句都用肯定 式主句的动词为连续性动词直到为止I' ll stay here till/until the rain stops.not.till/until主句用否定形式,从 句用肯定形式主句的动词为非连续性动词直到才He didn
8、9; t go home till/until finished his homework.注意:1) (not)until一肯定句中主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;否定句中主句的谓语动词经常是非延续 性动词,也可以是延续性动词。2) It was not until强调从句时需把 not放在从句前面。3) not until在句首时,主句要部分倒装。如:Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it.直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到。4) until = till ,但是在句首时,只能用 until
9、。4 . every time , each time , next time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示每当,每次二下次后直接接从句。如:Every/Each time I was in trouble , he would come to help me out.每次我遇到麻烦,他总会来帮我。Next time you come , do remember to bring your son here.下次你来的时候,一定要记得把你儿子带来。5 .从属连词:before(在之前),after(在之后),since(自从以来)。如:Please remember to turn of
10、f all the lights before you leave the classroom.离开教室前,请记得把所有的灯都关上。注意:1)上述三个连词,既是从属连词,也是介词。(备注:after在高考中考查较少)2) before表达 还未就”不到就” "为"趁';还没来得及”;如:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了四天四夜才看至 U 陆地。We hadn;t run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Please
11、write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。具体用法总结:A. before.表示 没有来得及做某事就 ”,主句经常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。B. "it was(not)一段时间+before从句(一般过去时)”主句是肯定句时,意为 过多长时间才 主句是否定句时,意为没过多久就 ”。C. it will be(not)十一段时间十before从句(一般现在时)”主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。用法总结:3A. since从句总是与时态是现在完成时的主句连用,从句用一般过去时。B. "It is/ ha
12、s been一段时间+since从句”意为 "到现在多久了 ”。如果表示现在,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如果表示过去,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时;或 者主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。如果从句的谓语是延续性动词或者是表示状态的动词,所 表示的时间是从该动作结束起。C. some time has passed since.表示 从 至U现在多久过去了 ”。6 .时间状语从句的时态一致1)当主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句必须用一般现在时表示将来。2)当主句是一般将来时,若时间状语从句强调动作完成,从句也可以用现在完成时。动词不定式(infinitive
13、)两种形式:一种是 "to +动词原形”构成(to- infinitive );另一种是不带to的不 定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。7 . before, since, when 及强调句型的用法区别:1) “it was时间点+when从句”it指时间点,时间前无介词,when从句是状语从句;当主句是一般将来时,when从句用一般现在时;2) “it is (not) / was (not) +时间段+ before从句用现在时或过去时;3) “it is/has been +时间段+ since从句用过去时。重难点二:让步状语从句中常考连词的用法及区别引导
14、让步状语从句的从属连词有though (虽然),although (虽然),even if (即使),even though (即使),as(尽管),while(虽然),whether.or(无论还是),no matter+疑问词(无论)。1. I.though或although引导让状语从句。although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用,但不能和 but连用。如:He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.虽然他有许多钱,但他并不幸福。Although/Thoug
15、h it was raining hard , yet they went on playing football.尽管雨下的很大,但他们仍在继续踢足球。注意:though还可用作副词,意为可是,然而”,置于句末。如:He said he would come; he didn't though.他说他会来,可是他没有来。2. as作 尽管,虽然”的意思,从句往往放在主句的前面,而且用作让步的部分(表语、状语或动词原形) 总是提前到句首。若表语是名词,前置时要省略冠词。如:Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是孩子,他却懂得很多。Old as he is
16、, he is still energetic.尽管他老了,却依然精力充沛。(表语作为让步的内容,因此提前了。 )Try as he might, he couldn ' t solve the problem.尽管他很努力了,但还是无法解决这个问题。(谓语提前了)Much as you suspected him, you couldn ' t provide powerful evidence.虽然你非常怀疑他,但是你却无法提供有力的证据。(状语作为让步的内容,因此提前了。)注意:1)倒装是把从句的表语提前,表语是名词时,名词前不用冠词。2)没有表语时,将状语提前。没有状语
17、时,将部分谓语提前。3. even if = even though 意为 即使“。4. while = although 意为 虽然“,从句只能放主句前面,而且不能倒装。5. 疑问词+ ever与no matter+疑问词(不管 二无论)。whetheror (not)意为'无论(是否)"however(不管怎样) ,whatever (无论什么) ,whoever (无论谁)。 no matter when(how, what, who, where, which )无论何时(怎样,什么,谁,何地,哪个)等。如:No matter where you go on the
18、earth, you will feel the gravity.无论你走到地球的什么地方,你都会感觉到地引力。We'll start our meeting on time whether he comes or not.无论他来不来,我们将准时开会。Even if we are approaching the end of the experiment, we still have no time to lose.即使我们即将完成试验,我们依然要分秒必争。注意: whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以弓I导名词性从句。但是no matte
19、r wh-只能弓I导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。如:You can take whatever you like.你可以拿任何你所喜欢的东西。6. despite the fact that = in spite of the fact that 意为 不管”。注意:让步状语从句都不能与but连用。重难点三:条件状语从句中常考连词的用法常用的引导词有if (如果,假如),unless (除非,要不就不),as long as (只要),so long as (只要), provided (that)(只要),suppose/supposing (假设),on condition (tha
20、t)(如果)等。如:I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time.除非我能提前完成那个项目,否则我最近不会来看你了。We can surely attain our goal as long as we are united as one.只要我们团结一致,我们肯定能实现我们的目标。What shall we do if we can not get the necessary data ?如果我们弄不到必要的数据,我们怎么办?They promised to let us
21、have a meeting in their office on condition(that ) we could keep it clean.如果我们能保持清洁,他们答应让我们在他们的办公室里开会。要点提示:1)在表示条件的状语从句中,既可以用直陈语气作真实条件句”,也可以用虚拟语气作非真实条件句至于把句子作成哪一种条件句,要依照有关语法规则”和表达意思的需要”而定。2)用unless引导条件状语从句时,要注意这个连词自身在意义上是否定的:unless=if.not.。因此,我们在逻辑上要注意:英文句子的用法和中文句子的译文。特别是当主句是否定句时,逻辑上的意思就成了 否定之否定而表示肯
22、定 ”的情况了。如:I will not go to their party unless I am invited. 这个句子的实际 意义等于:I will not go to their party if I am not invited. 这就是说, 我不去参加聚会”的条件是 我没有受 到邀请“。不去”与役有受到邀请”就构成了 否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况了。)假如他们不邀 请我,我不会去参加他们的聚会。He will finish the work in time unless something unexpected happens.这个句子的实际意义等于:He will finis
23、h the work in time if something unexpected does not happen.3) suppose/supposing这两个词所表达的意义和句法功能是一样的。它们与其他的引导状语从句的从属连词一样,引导一个含状语从句的主从复合句。而它们的特别之处在于:有时由它们所引出的条件状语从 句常与主句分开而独立成句,但其意义和作用还是条件状语从句。这种情况多数出现在科技文章及某些 论文里。如:Suppose no more rain fell into the Atlantic Ocean and no more water was brought to it b
24、y rivers. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.假如不再有雨水注入大西洋,不再有河水流入大西洋的话;大约需要四千年的时间大西洋才会枯竭。Suppose your statement is right. How are you going to prove it?假定为你的观点是正确的,你打算如何证明这一点呢?Suppose this poor girl is yours. We ' d like to know how much you know about her.假设这个可怜的女孩就是你的;我们想了解你知道多
25、少关于她的情况。次重点一:结果状语从句中常考连词的用法及区别1 .常用的引导词有 that (结果,以至),so that (结果,以至),so.that (如此以至),such.that (如 此以至)等。如:The temperature is increased so that the volume of gas becomes greater.温度升高了气体的体积就增大了。The mountain is so high that she can ' t climb it up to the top.那座山太高了,她无法登上山顶。It is such a lovely day t
26、hat everybody feels happy and gay.天气这么好,人人都感到高兴、快乐。注意:2 ) so.that和such.that都是引导结果状语从句的从属连词,它们都表示如此以至”,但其要求的句型结构不一样。so+形容词/副词+ that从句so+形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数形式+that从句so+many/much/few/little + 名词 + that 从句such+a/an +形容词+可数名词单数形式+ that从句such+形容词+复数名词形式/不可数名词+ that从句such+alot of/lots of +名词 + that从句如:He ran
27、 so fast that his brother couldn ' t catch up with him.他跑得太快了,他弟弟赶不上他。He is such a naughty boy that he becomes unwelcome in his neighborhood.他是那么个调皮的孩子,以至在邻里中不受欢迎。She looks so lovely that everybody can ' t help taking a look at her when passing her by.她生得太可爱了, 从她身边经过的人都忍不住要看她一眼。2)当so或such置于句
28、首时,主句要用倒装语序。如:So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是如此聪明以至于他能解出所有的难题。3 .除结果状语从句外,too.to(太而不能力,enough to(能够,), soasto.(那么以至于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如:他起床晚了,结果误了车。He didn ' t get up early enough to catch the bus.=He got up too late to catch the bus.=He got up so late a
29、s to miss the bus.次重点二:目的状语从句中常考连词的用法及区别在目的状语从句中,我们可以将这些引导目的状语从句的连词so that, in order that , lest, in case, forfear分作为两大部分:表示肯定 一so that, I n order that是 为了使 发生(目的是,为的是)”。表示否定 一lest, in case, for fear是为了使不发生(以免,以防)”。另外,在表示否定的目的状语从句中,谓语动词往往用should+动词原形"或动词原形”两种虚拟句式。如:He took his umbrella with him
30、 lest it should rain.他带了雨伞,以防下雨。I' ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.我给你留个座,没准你会改变主意。次重点三:地点状语从句中常考连词的用法4 .常用的引导词有 where (在地方),wherever (无论在什么地方)等。指具体地点时,从句可用于 主句之前或之后,表示抽象条件时,从句须放在主句之前。如:The university graduates are determined to go wherever they are needed most.那些大学毕业生
31、们决心去最需要他们的地方。They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight.他们在阳光雨水充分的地方植树。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。5 .注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。你最好在有问题的地方作个标记。You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句 )You'd better make a mark at the place where you ha
32、ve any questions.(定语从句 )”*典型例题例题1They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year,difficulty they might have. (2013年上海英语高考第 30题)【答案】whatever【解析】本题句意为 他们承诺在今年年底开发一款软件包,无论他们有可能会遇到什么困难。”即考查让步状语从句连词用法,那么,空格内应填 whatever ,如果此处有三空,需填入 no matter what ; 另外,如果空格后为形容词,空格内可填入 however/no matte
33、r how.例题2The map is one of the best tools a man has he goes to a new place. (2012 年上海英语高考第 40题)【答案】when/whenever【解析】本题句意为地图是人类到达一个新地方时最好的工具之一。”可确定空格内要填入时间状语从句的连词,且表示当”可考虑when,如果要强调 每当,或是任何时候”等意时,可填入 whenever.11it comeIf a lot of people say a film is not good, I won' t bother to see it, or I'
34、 ll wait(2011年上海英语高考第 36题)【答案】until【解析】本题句意为如果许多人都说某部电影不好看时,我是不会费力去看的,或者我会等到它有DVD版本出来。”虽然句中没有明显的 not -P足川的考点,即 直到一才”,但根据句意我们仍要用until ,可提醒学生看到 wait出现在时间状语从句时,可考虑是否在考查直到-才”的用法,即考查时间状语从句连词用法。例题4I have a tight budget for the trip, so I' m not going to fly the airtineceswer(t2®e2 年上海英语高考第32题)【答案
35、】unless【答案】本题句意为我的旅程预算紧凑,因此我不会坐飞机除非航空公司降低机票价格。”,因此要填入unless,即条件状语从句用法。例题5You can ' t borrow books from the school library you get your student card. (2009 年上海英语高考第32题)【答案】before/until/unless【解析】本题在当年的语法选择题中是作为时间状语从句考查的,句意为你拿到学生证后,才能从校图书馆借书”,考查了 before的用法,其实本句也可理解为你不能从图书馆借书直到你拿到学生证”,空格内可填入until ;
36、或者可理解为除非你。否则你不能。”,这时就可填入 unless.学法点睛1、专题特点与学习方法状语从句在复合句中是一个比较难的知识点,目前在上海高考中主要在语法填空及翻译中考查,作 文中状语从句的使用也是句式多样化的要求。掌握此知识点要清楚常考的九大状语从句并熟悉其常考的 连词,掌握几类可用于不同状语从句的连词用法的区别。具体要点如下:1)时间状语从句连词可分为三类:当时(when, as, while)、一就(as soon as, the moment/instant,immediately/directly, once 等)、自从前后和直到(since, before, until) e
37、very 后接时间词,意为“每当时“,用法同与the first time ,直接从句不要 when;特殊情况要牢记,hardly when, no sooner th an前后时态要注意:主句过去完成时,从句一般过去时;3)让步状语从句可分为以下几类:though, as和although连接句子有要求:although直接接句子,as让步必须倒,表语、副词和部动, though贝U可倒可不倒;成对出现 even though/if ; 还有两大系列词 -ever或者no matter-,现在也见 whether - or意为"无论意;”引让步, While位于句首时也可表示“让步
38、”4)条件状语从句可分为以下几类:一马当先 if/unless,“只要"需有as long as;其它表达也可见,常in case。用分词来引导,suppose/supposing that; provided/providing (that);若要表示“以免、防,刚需要用where与 wherever意义基本相 同,但后者语气较强,多用一 书面语5)关于考查较少的三类从句用法可记住如下表格即可:Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。Where there is water, there is life.哪里有水,哪里就有生wh
39、erewherever命。You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以随意至 U你喜欢 的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 无论你去哪者 B 要 遵守法律。thatso thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。Wd ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你,使你能自己做出判断。目的
40、状语从句中常用情态动词 may (might) can (could)in order thatThey worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .他们比往常更加努力工作, 为了能提前完成工作。should等放在动词之前,从句 往往放在主句之后,主从句之 间不用任何标点符号lest = for fearthatPut on more clothes lest (= for fear that) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服,以免感冒。so thatW
41、e turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大,大家都听到了新闻。so that前有逗号为结果状语 从句so thatHe was so excited that he couldn他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出来。't say a word.so that!勺so后面跟形容词或副词He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由,得到大家的谅解。suchthat的such后面跟名词,如果名词是单数就要用such thatIt
42、 is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.such a /an tha可以转换后sothat语气较强It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有趣的书,大家都想看。2、解题技巧1)理解空格前后即主从句间的语意关系,从而判断填哪类连词;2)注意前后句间时态差异巩固测试:1、 He was about to tell me the secretsomeone patted him on the shoulder.2、A goo d
43、 storyteller must be able to hold his listeners (2003高考35题)'curiosity(2002年高考36题) he reaches theend of the sto3、- " Dad, I ' ve finished my assignment. ”-“Good, and you play or watch TV, you mustn' (2003urb m考 42 题)4、He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time
44、 for it. (2005 年高考 33 题)5、A dozen ideas were considered the chief architect decided on the design of the building. (20066、 My parents were quarrelling about me高考第30题)I could not quite tell why. (2006 年高考 38 题)7、Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water they are not managed carefully. (2007 年
45、局考38题)8、-Are you ready for Spain?-Yes, I want the girls to experience that they are young. (2008 年高考 31 题)9、well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.(2008 年高考 40 题)10、serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. (2010Wj考34题)11、
46、our manager objects to Tom' s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. (2010年高考 39题)12、 amusing the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. (2004 年春考32题)13、there is a snowstorm or some other bad weather, the mail always comes on time. ( 2007 年春 考31题)1
47、4、the weather is like tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. (2007 年春考 38 题)15、 some people come here for a short break, others have decided to stay forever. ( 2010 年春考35题)16、 If you want to do the experiment again, you'd better be more careful you made a mistake. (普陀2012高三二模34题)17、 So exci
48、ted was the champion after the race he didn ' know what to say before so many reporters.(奉贤2012高三二模34题)18、there is water nearby, make a special effort to breed fish.(崇明 2012 高三二模 40 题)19、 little did the world leaders share with each other that almost no progress was made at the Copenhagen Climat
49、e Conference.(嘉定 2012 高三一模 32 题)20、The young couple are trying to save as much money as possible they can afford the flat by theend of this year.(奉贤 2012 高三一模 31 题)提升测试:1、 Born in a wealthy family, the boy took everything in his life for granted for the first time he sawhow poor farmers struggled to
50、 survive the hard life. (嘉定 2013 二模 31 题)2、The boy, one of the so-called rich second generation, forced his parents to buy a new carmuch it might cost.(宝山 2013 二模 34 题)3、 Do you have the time? I ' ve got something to tell you.Ok,you make your story short.(闵行 2013 二模 33 题)4、 There ' s little
51、privacy you have to share a room with a family member. (宝山 2013 模 34题)5、Shannon will continue to bother you with phone calls you help her. (宝山 2013 一模 39 题)6、She came up with several ideas about the house decoration a fantastic one popped into her mind.(长宁2013 一模31题)7、Innovation is a natural desire
52、of the human mind to develop variety,activity is involved. (奉贤2013一模 34 题)8、I was advised to arrange for insurance I needed some medical treatment. (黄浦 2013 一模 38题)9、The word ' positive energy ' is becoming more than common in newspapers and magazines youcould notice.(浦东新区 2013 模 39 题)10、the volunteers have to consider their own problems, they are still enco
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