专题13文娱与体育-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练Word版含解析

1、专题 13 文娱与体育文娱与体育是高中英语新课标话题之一，亦是高考常考话题，历年高考英语都可觅其踪迹。本话题包括影视剧、体育活动和比赛、锻炼等方面。通过该话题的学习和考查，可以让学生初步了解电影电视剧作、重视体育锻炼、了解国内外重大体育赛事等，促进他们的爱国热情。在近几年的高考英语当中，该话题常以听力、阅读理解、书面表达等形式出现，例如2017 年新课标卷III 书面表达，2016 年全国卷III 完形填空，2016 年天津卷完形填空，2016 年四川卷阅读理解A篇， 2016年江苏卷阅读理解D 篇， 2015 年全国卷七选五及完形填空；2015 年北京卷书面表达，2014 年大纲卷阅读理解

2、E 篇， 2014 年江西卷阅读理解A篇等。Passage 1 （ 2018 年·北京卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文己第一次跑马拉松3385 分钟My First Marathon （马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not runningfor two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7

3、th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required usto run laps and then hit a softball. I didn t do either well. He later informed me that Iwas not athletic .The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my30s, I realized running was a battle agai

4、nst myself, not about competition or whether or not Iwas athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.鞋带 ) b

5、ecame untied. So I stopped toShortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces( readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then ru

6、nning again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I g

7、ot the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.nowDetermined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels( 世俗标签), I cancall myself a marathon winner 36. A month before themarathon,the author .A. waswell trainedB.feltscaredC. made up hismindto runD.lost hope37.

8、Whydid theauthormentionthe P.E. classinhis7thyear?A. Toacknowledge thesupportof his teacher.B. Toamuse thereaders witha funny story.C. Toshow hewas not talentedin sports.D. Toshare apreciousmemory.38. Howwas theauthor sfirstmarathon?A. Hemade it.B.Hequithalfway.C. Hegot thefirstprize.D. He walkedto

9、theend.39. Whatdoes thestorymainlytell us?A. A man oweshis success tohis family support.B. A winner isone with a great effort ofwill.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too oldto learn.志故事。36 .C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Yet, I was determined to go ahead. 可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下

10、定决心参赛。故选C。37 .C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段I didn t do either well. He later informed me that Iwas not athletic 可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选C。38 .B 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determinedto be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels（ 世俗标签）, I can now call myselfa marathon winner .

11、可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。【名师点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（ 1 ）一一对应型。（ 2）语言转述型。（ 3）语意理解型。（ 4）是非辨别型。（ 5）事实排序型。此题中的前三题为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，如第一题为转述型，I was determined to g

12、o ahead 即 made up his mind to run 。第二题为语义理解题。根据文章第二段的信息In my first P. E. class, the teacher required us to runlaps and then hit a softball. I didn t do either well. 可知，作者没有运动天赋。而第三题则为转述型，根据信息句I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal.In fact, I got the same medal as

13、 the one that the guy who came in first place had.可知，作者跑完了马拉松，正好与made it 意义相同。Passage 2 （ 2018 年·新课标 II 卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处2236 分钟根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and

14、 find the time to work out. _36_ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whateveris ahead of you for the day._37_Your metabolism（ 新陈代谢） gets a head start. _38_ If you work o

15、ut in the mornings, thenyou will be getting the calorie（卡路里 ）burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep._39_ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than thosewho exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a pe

16、aceful sleep when you are very excited._40_ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stickto healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eatingjunk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lo

17、t of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clockan hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should ex

18、ercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you re doing it now, then listen up!【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。36 .G 【解析】

19、根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处”， 下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G项中thenlisten up! （那么请仔细听! ）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。37 .E 【解析】根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake （锻炼能让你更清醒）， E项（你可以在运动后保持头脑清醒4-10 个小时。 ）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选E。39.B 【解析】此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选B。40

20、.A 【解析】根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likelyto stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”， A项 （你将坚持你的饮食。）符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选A。Passage 3 （ 2016 年·新课标 II 卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间应用文娱乐方面的广告2815 分钟What s OnElectric Undergroun

21、d7.30pm 1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who s playing in your area? We re bringin g you an exciting evening of live rockand pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and gettinga recording contract（ 合同 ）? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by J

22、ules Skye, a successfulrecord producer. He s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee Whizz8.30pm 10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. He s the funniest stand -up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, fro

23、m the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows howto make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks（快餐 ）.Simon s Workshop5.00pm 7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy

24、, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedianand actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone 8.00pm 11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautifu

25、l jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, withexcellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta（ 面食 ）. Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, cof

26、fee, beer, and white wine.21. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.22. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops Theatre.C. Victoria Stage.23. What do we know about Simon s Worksh

27、op?A. It requires membership status.C. It is run by a comedy club.24. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm 7.30pm.C. 8.00pm 11.00pm.【话题解读】本文属于娱乐方面的广告类阅读，B. Kaleidoscope.D. Pizza World.B. It lasts three hours each time.D. It is held every Wednesday.B. 7.30pm 1.00am.D. 8.30pm 10.30pm.

28、分别介绍了四则广告Electric Underground 、 Gee Whizz、Simon s Workshop 、 Charlotte Stone 的具体内容及细节信息。整篇文章难度较小。22.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二则广告第三句This joyful show will please everyone, from theyoungest to the oldest 可知， 这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都开心。表演的场所在Kaleidoscope故B 正确。Passage 4 （ 2016 年·四川卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间应用文招聘1054 分钟Basketball

29、 Statistician Help WantedThe Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:Good c

30、omputer skillsAvailable evenings and weekendsKnowing basketball rules and statisticsStudents interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective（各自的 ） campuses.TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone,240-567-1308Rockville Athletic Coordina

31、tor, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589Springfield Athletic coordinator, Gary Miller,240-567-2273Germantown Athletic Coordinator, GavriChavan, 240-567-691521 .When will the job start?A .In May 2016B. In May 2017C. In September 2016D. In September201722 .Who is more likely to get job?A. Sam, English major ,me

32、mber of the college basketball teamB. Judy, IT staff with night classes,children s basketball team coachC. Ted, computer major, basketball fan, free on evenings and weekendsD. Molly, part-time programmer, high school basketball player ,new mother23 .Whom should you contact if you want to apply for t

33、he job in Rockville?B. Jorge.A. Michael.C. Gauri.D. Gary.【话题解读】本文是一篇广告，招聘一位电脑技术好，懂篮球并在晚上和周末有空的学生。22. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Students must meet all of the following requirements:Goodcomputer skills ； Available evenings and weekends； Knowing basketball rules and statistics 可知学生必须满足下面要求：好的电脑技术；晚上和周末有空；懂篮球规

34、则和统计学知识。故C 项符合题意。23. B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589可知 B 项符合题意。故选B。Passage 1体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文利用童话故事向移民介绍行为规范3506 分钟Moscow city authorities have begun using comics with characters from Russian fairytales toexplain to migrants how they should behave. They sa

35、y a 100-page guide is needed to "maintain a positive image" of the city and could help reduce "tensions" between natives and migrants. But critics have pointed out that foreign migrants and natives may be viewed as antagonists in the manual（ 手册 ）.Russians and migrants have repeat

36、edly clashed in Moscow recently.Many migrants from ex-Sovietrepublics in Central Asia, the Caucasus and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital s job opportunities and rela tively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.The new

37、guide in Russian seeks to explain the "dos" and "don ts" to migrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They arealso warned that the police may routinely stop them to check their documents.In the manual, Russia s

38、 famous "three warriors" are meant to represent the city s lawenforcement agencies, while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky （a historical character） is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia s languageand history. A special section of t

39、he book explains the importance of following Moscow s strict residency and employment rules, stressing that migrants could otherwise be deported（驱逐出境）or banned from entry.The manual was written primarily for illegal migrants, Alexander Kalinin, who heads the group Support for Working Migrants in Mos

40、cow, told BBC Russian."We want to raise their level of law awareness," he added.Migrant characters had initially（最初 ） been identified as representatives of differentnationalities, but the book s authors later decided to drop this idea so as "not to offend anyone", said Mr. Kalini

41、n."The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders is being revived," Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be "difficult" to understand for some migrants who were not native Russian spea

42、kers.1 .The underlined word "antagonists" in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by ""A. strangersB. acquaintancesC. cooperatorsD. opponents2 .People from other countries come to Moscow "".B.to have a new lifestyleD.to experience a new cultureA.to find well-paid jobsC.

43、to enjoy the fine climate3 .The third paragraph is mainly about"A. consequences the migrants may sufferB. the purpose of publishing the handbookC. the measures to attract foreign migrantsD. characters and their functions in Russian fairytales4 .Which of the following would be the best title of

44、the text?A. Ways to help foreign migrants to settle in RussiaB. Characters from Russian fairytales have new jobsC. More and more foreign migrants to work in MoscowD. Moscow fairytale comics to help migrants behave【话题解读】本文的话题是" 俄罗斯城市管理者利用童话故事向移民介绍行为规范" ，既为考生提供了新的信息，又反映了俄罗斯社会发展的趋势。莫斯科市政府已经开始

45、使用连环画，借助俄罗斯童话故事向外国移民讲解在俄罗斯如何行为处事。2.A【 解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Many migrants.attracted by thecapital s jobopportunities and relatively high salaries"可知，很多移民来到俄罗斯的首都莫斯科是因为这里有好的工作机会，有相对较高的工资。故选A。3.B 【解析】推理判断题。第三段首句为本段主旨句, 表示这个指南试图向移民们解释在俄罗斯应该做什么，不应该做什么。再结合第三段的主要内容可知，这本手册旨在为移民提供指导，帮助他们更好地遵守俄罗斯的法律。故选B

46、。4.D 【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要介绍莫斯科市政府使用连环画，借助俄罗斯童话故事中的人物，为外国移民解释在俄罗斯应如何行为处事。故D 项正确。Passage 2体裁话题词数难度建议时间应用文伦敦新年大游行期间所举行 的音乐会广告3726 分钟The 30th annual London s New Year s Day Parade(LNYDP) will lighten up the heart of Londonon Friday, January 1st. As part of London s New Year s Day celebrations we have a fine s

47、electionof bands and orchestras performing in unique places specially for the LNYDP public. Find all thedetails and information here ：LNYDP Festival Concert SeriesWhere： Cadogan HallWhen： 7： 30 pm, 26th DecemberWe are delighted to present a series of concerts at Cadogan Hall. The hall is the present

48、 home of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and the Brodsky Quartet, and has a very massive programme of concerts and events each year.LNYDP Festival Concert SeriesWhere： St John s Smith SquareWhen： 7： 30 pm, 26th DecemberSt John s Smith Square, in Westminster, is one of London s major concert venues

49、and favorite historic buildings. Valued for its superb sound effects, it presents an extremely varied programme of classical music throughout the concert season, ranging from choirs and symphony orchestras to solo instrumental recitals（独奏会 ）.LNYDP Preview ConcertWhere： Trafalgar SquareWhen： 1 ： 00 p

50、m, 30th DecemberThis outdoor free concert is just a taster of what you will be able to enjoy on the New Year s Day.LICF Grand Finale ConcertWhere： Westminster Central HallWhen： 7： 45 pm, 27th DecemberWestminster Central Hall built in 1912 is a Grade listed building in a prime locationopposite Westmi

51、nster Abbey and adjacent to the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben. This unique, historic venue has Europe s largest domed ceiling and is an impre ssive landmark with an elegant theatre entrance.LICF Grand Finale ConcertJULIAN BLISS SEPTET： A Tribute to Benny GoodmanWhere： St John s Smith SquareWhen：

52、8： 00 pm Thursday, 31st DecemberOne of the world s finest solo clarinetists, Julian Bliss leads hisseptet（ 七重奏 ） throughsome of the great tunes of the swing era off their debut disc, "Benny Goodman The King of Swing," as part of the Emory Annual Jazz Fest.Note ： Online ticket sales end thr

53、ee hours prior to this event. The Box Office will open onehour prior to the event.1.What is the similarity of the events mentioned above?A. They are all free because of the New Year.B. They are to happen on the New Year s Day.C. They are to be held just in the city of London.D. They aim to attract e

54、xcellent bands and orchestras.2.1 f you are interested in domed structure you will go to A. St John s Smith Square B. Trafalgar SquareC. Cadogan Hall D. Westminster Central Hall3.What do you know about St John s Smith Square?A. It witnesses the largest number of concerts and events.B. It has a histo

55、ry of more than one hundred years.C. It is widely acknowledged for its sound effects.D. It provides the longest concert season every year.4.1 f you want to enjoy a free concert you can go there on.A. WednesdayB. TuesdayC. FridayD. Saturday【话题解读】这是一篇广告类的应用文，文章介绍了伦敦新年大游行期间所举行的音乐会。因为广告大多取材于英美国家的报刊、杂志等，

56、所以该类文章语言地道、原汁原味。2 .D 【解析】考查细节理解。本题的关键信息是题干中的"domed structure" ，快速跳读文章寻找相关信息可知本题的答案来自LICF Grand Finale Concert 部分。3 .C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二个LNYDPF estival Concert Series 部分中的"Valued for its superbsound effects" 可知， St John s Smith Square 的音响效果非常好。4 .A 【解析】 考查细节理解。文中提到的free concert 是在 Trafalgar Square 演出的 , 时间是 1： 00 pm, 30thDecember，依据最后一个节目的时间8： 00 pm Thursday, 31st December可以推算出30th December 是星期三。Passage 3体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文奥运奖牌的起源、制作规格 以及材质2696 分钟The medal ceremonies at the Olympic Gamesa re often as exciting to watch as the athleticev