被动语态复习

1、8Bunit3 4 语法复习语法复习 被动语态被动语态被动语态基本用法：被动语态基本用法：由助动词由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态构成，时态通过通过be表现出来。表现出来。 表示表示谓语谓语与主语之间的关系的与主语之间的关系的动词形式动词形式叫做语态。叫做语态。英语中动词有两种语态：英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态。 主语主语 + 谓语谓语（执行者）（主动语态）执行者）（主动语态）We clean the classroom every day.主语主语 + 谓语谓语（承受者）（被动语态）（承受者）（被动语态）The classroom is cleaned

2、by us every day.一般现在时一般现在时 amis are(not) + vt.p.p. 一般过去时一般过去时 waswere (not)+vt.p.p. 一般将来时一般将来时 will (not)bebe going to be + vt.p.p. 情态动词情态动词 aux.v. (mustcancouldmay+ be + vt.p.p.)现在进行时现在进行时 be(am、is、are)(not)+being +vt.p.p.现在完成时现在完成时 havehas(not) +been+ vt.p.p.被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成：be +vt.p.p.We can use t

3、he passive voice when1. 动作的执行者是显而易见的动作的执行者是显而易见的. Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.2. 记不得或不知道谁是动作的执行者记不得或不知道谁是动作的执行者. The printer was sold already.3.动作比执行者更重要或无需说明执行者。动作比执行者更重要或无需说明执行者。 Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries.His brother washes clothes every day.主主谓谓宾

4、宾(受动者受动者)Clothes are washed by his brother every day.1. He cleans the meeting-room every day. The meeting room is cleaned every day.2. They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week. That kind of shoes were sold in this shop last week.3.They will finish all the work in a week.All the work will

5、be finished in a week.4.They have built three new stations in the city so far.Three new stations have been built in the city so far.5. You should follow your parents advice.Your parentsadvice should be followed.单宾语肯定句：单宾语肯定句：6. He doesnt show the stamps to me.The stamps arent shown to me.7.People do

6、nt grow rice in the west of Japan. Rice isnt grown in the west of Japan.8.He didnt buy anything there before he left.Nothing was bought there before he left.9.They cant mend the bike in that shop. The bike cant be mended in that shop.10.They havent found the lost cat.The lost cat hasnt been found.否定

7、句：否定句：11.Does Kate sometimes break glasses?Are glassed sometimes broken by Kate?12.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu?Is a letter always sent to Mr Hu?13Can you mend this radio here? Can this radio be mended here?14.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?What are the boys often told to do

8、 by the teacher?15.How many desks have they bought this term?How many desks have been bought this term？疑问句：疑问句：16.You should listen to the teacher carefully.The teacher should be listened to carefully.17.May I look after the baby at home?May the baby be looked after at home? 18. Have they handed in

9、their exercise-books? Have their exercise-books been handed in?19. We will take good care of her baby. Her baby will be taken good care of by us.20.You had better throw the rubbish into the dustbin. The rubbish had better be thrown into the dustbin.谓语动词为介词短语：谓语动词为介词短语：21.I bought my daughter a new w

10、atch.A new watch was bought for my daughter.My daughter was bought a new watch.22.Father will make me a kite this Sunday.A kite will be made for me by my father this Sunday.I will be made a kite by my father this Sunday.23.I have shown them the photos. The photos have been shown to them.They have be

11、en shown the photos. 24.The Youth gave me some suggestions in the letter.Some suggestions were given to me by the youth worker in the letter .I was given some suggestons by the youth worker in the letter.双宾语：双宾语：总结：总结：主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语(通常指人通常指人)+直接宾语直接宾语(通常通常指物指物)（习惯上把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语）（习惯上把间接宾语变为被动语态的

12、主语） 主动：主动：My mother will give me a shirt. 被动被动: I will be given a shirt (by my mother).如果把如果把直接宾语直接宾语改为改为主语主语时，则在间接宾语时，则在间接宾语前加前加to或或for常见加常见加to动词：动词：give/show/send/lend/pass 等等常见加常见加for的动词的动词: make/buy/get/sing等等25.The boss made the workers work all day.The workers were made to work all day 26.We s

13、aw the boys enter the house.The boys were seen to enter the house.27. We saw some boys playing football behind the house. Some boys were seen playing football behind the house.总结总结在在let, see, watch, make, hear 等后接等后接不带不带to的不定式的不定式时在变时在变为被动时为被动时,一定要把一定要把to 放上去。放上去。宾语补足语为不带宾语补足语为不带to的不定式的不定式：(4). 没有被动

14、语态的三种情况没有被动语态的三种情况不及物动词不及物动词,如如: happen, take place, appear, disappear, fail, haveremain(剩下剩下,剩余剩余), lie, last, sit, stand, break out(突然发生突然发生,爆发爆发), break down, come true(实现实现), belong to等等e.g. 1)What has happened to your brother? 2)The War II broke out in 1939. 感官动词感官动词, 如如: look, sound, smell, fe

15、el, taste等等e.g. Her voice sounds very soft. 某些及物动词某些及物动词+ 副词表示性能副词表示性能,如如: wash, write, sell, read等等e.g. This kind of shirts washes easily and sells well.(3). 但但许多不及物动词加介词或副词许多不及物动词加介词或副词是一个不可分割的整体是一个不可分割的整体,变变为被动语态时为被动语态时, 不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。e.g. 1) The child has been taken good care of b

16、y Grandma Wang all these years. 2) A notice has been put up on the wall. 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空1.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 2.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 3. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.4.Vegetables, eggs and fr

17、uits_ (sell) in this shop. 5. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属金属) and wood. 6. The room _ (clean) by me every day. isspoken were cutaretold are sold aremade are made is cleaned7. The flowers _ (water) by Li Ming every afternoon. 8. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 9. How long _ y

18、our uncle _(be) in the city? 10. _ you _(see) the film yet? Yes, I _(see) it last week. 11.The food _ (smell) delicious.12. Look! Someone _(dance). are watered sellhasbeenHave seensawsmells is dancing动词填空：1. Something must _(do) to protect our environment.2.He _ (chose) to be the host of the show last Wednesday.3. An important conference _(arrange) next Tuesday morning.4.Many trees _ (plant) along the railway recently.5.You cant use the computer. It