No.5 Unit Five The Whole Composition-8

1、5/3/20221 The Whole Composition The Whole CompositionnThe development of an essay is pretty similar to . In the preceding chapters we used examples and details, time order, examples and details, time order, space order, classification pattern, space order, classification pattern, comparison & co

2、ntrast, cause & effect comparison & contrast, cause & effect patternpattern to develop paragraphs. All of these are also used to develop essays. 5/3/20222Process of Essays writingProcess of Essays writing5/3/20223I. Pre-writing of EssaysI. Pre-writing of EssaysnPre-writing process of ess

3、ays involves steps: title-writing, thesis-setting, essay-outlining, & introduction & conclusion writing.n1. Titling nThe functions of title: 1) to declare the topic of the whole essay; 2) arrest readers attention; & 3) suggest a worth-while task to accomplish.5/3/20224 nThe worse is no t

4、itle;nA little better is a title that just declare the topic: Friendship, Sports, Noise in School, & the like.5/3/20225nThe broad the topic, the worse the title: 5/3/20226The Forms of TitleThe Forms of Title1.The popular form: descriptive, which tells us not the essays name but what of essay it

5、is: .2.Another form: not only indicates the topic but also implies the thesis: 5/3/20227Writing a TitleWriting a Title1.If we shy away from the thesis in our title: 1) Question title: School Music: Fundamental or Terror? Man & Woman: Equal or Not? 2) Why title: Why I hate Advertising, Why I Like

6、 Pop Music; 3) Declarative title: Breast-Feeding is Best, Childhood is Not the Best Time of Your Life.5/3/202282. If our title identifies a specific topic and promises a thesis or task, the title seems to arrest readers attention: .5/3/20229nIn scientific & technologic writing, more often are ti

7、tles to declare the topic straightly; on the other hand, some newspaper essays, advertising writing or even some literary essay need fascinating titles.5/3/2022102. Outline2. Outline simply a summary of what we plan to say in our essay what to do, where to go, & when to reach the purpose.5/3/202

8、211OutlineOutline (thesis statement)nSub idea (topic sentence in each paragraph)nMajor supporting nMinor supporting5/3/202212 Thesis statement Topic sentencenMajor supportnMinor support Topic sentencenMajor supportnMinor support Concluding sentence5/3/202213OutlineOutlineCompare the following two ou

9、tlines for a Compare the following two outlines for a paper on foreign trade paper on foreign trade Topic OutlineTopic Outline Title: Foreign TradeForeign TradeThesis: Foreign trade is beneficial to and indispensable for all nationsI. Introduction: the foundation of foreign trade5/3/202214OutlineOut

10、lineII. The necessity of visible tradenA. Lack of certain commoditiesnB. insufficiency of particular itemsComparative advantage in certain itemslatest innovations & different styles of commoditiesThe importance of a favorable balance of trade5/3/202215OutlineOutlinenC. TourismnD. TechnologyIV. C

11、onclusion: the purpose of foreign trade & the importance of the balance of payments5/3/202216Sentence OutlineSentence OutlineThesis: Foreign trade is beneficial to and indispensable for all nationsIntroduction: The utilization of different economic resources and the development of different skil

12、ls form the foundation of foreign trade.I. Trade in commodities (visible trade) is necessary between nations.5/3/202217nA. No nation has all the commodities it needs.nB. A nation may not have enough of certain commodities.nC. A nation may sell certain commodities at a profit.nD. Latest innovations a

13、nd different styles of commodities may make foreign trade necessary.5/3/202218nE. All nations strive to maintain a favorable balance of trade so as to be assured of the means to buy necessary goods.II. Exchange of services between nations (invisible trade) is part of foreign trade.nA. Nations vie in

14、 providing transportation for foreign trade.nB. Prudent exporters purchase insurance for their cargoes.5/3/202219nC. Tourism brings a nation huge profitsnD. Technology is also exported and imported.Conclusion: the purpose of foreign trade is to earn money for necessary imports and it is important to

15、 keep the balance of payments.5/3/202220II. Thesis WritingII. Thesis WritingnThe thesis sentence: a statement in which a thesis idea (to control the development of essay) included.nAfter thesis setting, every sentence must be the supports of examples. Definitions, classifications etc. to the thesis.

16、 For example;5/3/202221Signal word Thesisexamples Signal word Thesisexamples 1.Hunting is a Sport.2.I am an Person.3.Our School has a Library.5/3/202222Multiword ThesisMultiword Thesis4. Man is the creature on earth.5. Good English is 6. Riding a Bicycle to Go to School Has over Taking a Bus.5/3/202

17、223Thesis PredictionThesis PredictionnCarefully planned, our thesis should predict the general direction in which our essay will get along. For example: will describe in details or by examples how “tiring” it is; will have several paragraphs to compare human beings with the other sorts of creatures

18、on earth, because man is the “most” intelligent; Obviously, will have at least 3 while “several” paragraphs to accomplish the task.5/3/202224Practice Practice nSuppose we have been given a topic like this: It is possible that you have seen many American films. And what is the typical feature of Amer

19、ican film? Please write an essay on the typical feature of American film.5/3/202225 is the typical feature of American films2.The typical feature of American films is competition is a dominant theme in American films is a permanent theme for American films5/3/202226Continued Continued 5. The typical

20、 American films theme is 6. The most essential feature of American films is the theme of .5/3/202227Lets discuss the example of American Lets discuss the example of American filmsfilmsnWe have chosen as the thesis, which predicts the development of essay.nThis thesis will be decided by our focus.nIf

21、 we focus on , we will have several paragraphs to compare this kind of feature with the other kinds.nIf we choose to focus on , we must develop our essay by exemplification to confirm this.5/3/202228A model outline of American filmsA model outline of American filmsnTitle: Typical American Films: Lon

22、esome HeronThesis: The most essential feature is the theme of the lonesome hero.n Introduction: The most essential feature is the theme of the lonesome hero.nBody: 1. In the Western Movie, cowboyn1) the strong hero solve the problem, correct evils.5/3/2022295/3/202230Continued n2. In the Gangster Mo

23、vie, either a lawman or a Gangstern1) one good person can save the innocent.n3. In Recent Science Fiction Film, Single Individualn1) the hero battles the evilnConclusion 5/3/2022315/3/202232 Typical American Typical American Film: Lonesome HeroFilm: Lonesome Hero Is there such thing as a typical Ame

24、rican film? . From the earliest days of silent films until the recent science fiction extravaganzas, the American movie has concentrated on the role of one individual5/3/202233who spends his or her life combating the forces of eviland the good guy, the hero, usually wins.(body) In the western movie,

25、 which comes out of many legends of the American West, a typical figure is the lonesome cowboy. He wanders into a town and straightens out its troubles. Those troubles can be cattle rustlers or outlaws. Then the strong and independent hero rides off into the sunset alone. 5/3/202234ContinuedAmerican

26、s like this image in their films because they are highly independent, and individualism counts a great deal with them. An individual who is able to correct the evils of the world, or of a small town, is someone to admire.n(body) 5/3/202235nEither he is a lawman out to catch the criminals or a gangst

27、er who suddenly sees the light and tries to go straight. During the violence-ridden period of Prohibition in the 1920s, the gangster movie grew in popularity. These films kept the same tone as the western the bad cannot triumph! One good person can save the innocent.5/3/202236n(body) Against the for

28、ces of alien powers, people will fight to protect their ideals. Here, too, the action centers around a single individual, but now he or she must save the world. The hero battles the unknown, trusting in inner capabilities and in the power of good over evil. 5/3/202237ContinuedFearless, the hero of a

29、 typical American movie does not hesitate to jump into the action.(conclusion) 5/3/2022381.Content: Look at the essay as a whole5/3/2022392.Organization:2.Organization:look at the arrangement look at the arrangement of the materialof the materialA.Does the introductory paragraph lead to the main poi

30、nt of the paper?B.Does each paragraph have a separate central idea? Does it relate to the essays main idea or to the previous paragraph? Are there proper transitions between sections?C.Does the concluding paragraph give the reader a clear impression of what the paper intends to say?5/3/2022403.Sentences: A.Is each sentence clearly related to the sentence that precedes it and to the sentence that follows?B.Are th