英语必修4：Unit3Grammar

1、What do you think of when we speak of the UKv River Thames 泰晤士河泰晤士河v Big Ben 大本钟大本钟v London Bridge 伦敦桥伦敦桥v Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂威斯敏斯特教堂v Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫白金汉宫v Greenwich Observatory 格林威治天文台格林威治天文台v Stonehenge 巨石阵巨石阵v Oxford and Cambridge 牛津大学牛津大学 剑桥大学剑桥大学 Unit3 GrammarRevision-ing形式作主语和宾语的用

2、法形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。对他说话等于对牛弹琴。吸烟会致癌。吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my sole exercise. 4. Talking mends no holes. 5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 散步是我唯一的运动。散步是我唯一的运动。（谚）空谈无济于事。（

3、谚）空谈无济于事。我建议结束会议。我建议结束会议。6. He admitted taking the money. 7. I couldnt help laughing.8. Your coat needs brushing. 他承认钱是他拿的。他承认钱是他拿的。 我禁不住笑了起来。我禁不住笑了起来。你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。+动名词用法口诀：动名词用法口诀：避 免 错 过 弃 延 期 ， 建 议 完 成 值 练 习 ；避 免 错 过 弃 延 期 ， 建 议 完 成 值 练 习 ；乐 想 冒 险 禁 不 住 ， 抵 抗 否 忍 厌 宽 恕 ；乐 想 冒 险 禁 不 住 ， 抵 抗

4、 否 忍 厌 宽 恕 ；反 逃 避 ， 注 坚 持 ； 盼 着 手 ， 成反 逃 避 ， 注 坚 持 ； 盼 着 手 ， 成 / 承 良 习 。承 良 习 。突 费 劲突 费 劲 , 哭 笑 都 无 益 ， 需 忙 碌哭 笑 都 无 益 ， 需 忙 碌 , 奉 献 皆 感 激 。奉 献 皆 感 激 。avoid; miss; give up; delay, put off; suggest, advise; finish; deserve/be worth, practise/practice; fancy, enjoy; imagine, feel like, consider; risk;

5、 cant help; resist; deny; bear/stand/endure; hate/dislike; pardon/forgive; object to; escape; pay attention to; keep (on), insist on, stick to; look forward to; get down to, set about, take up; succeed in, be successful in; admit/permit; get/be used/accustomed to; burst out, want/require/need; be bu

6、sy/engaged (in); contributeto; devoteto, appreciate 一、一、-ing形式作定语形式作定语 1. 单个动词的单个动词的v-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，可表达三种含义：可表达三种含义：a) 表示表示“供供之用之用”，相当于，相当于used for doing. building materials = materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖 a reading room = a room for

7、reading 阅览室阅览室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台写字台drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水饮用水a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室阅览室a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台写字台b) 表表“正在正在的的”。 如：如： 1)those singing girls （=those girls who are singing） 2)

8、the laughing audience (=the audience who are laughing) 3)the rising sun (=the sun that is rising) 4)a sleeping child (=a child who are sleeping) 5)a flying kite (=a kite that is flying) c) 表示性质特征表示性质特征 1)an exciting story （=a story that excites people）2) an interesting crosstalk (=a crosstalk that i

9、s interesting)3) an amusing story (=a story that is amusing)4) a depressing situation (=a situation that is depressing)5)tiring music 6)a surprising result一个惊人的结果一个惊人的结果= music that is tiring 烦人的音乐烦人的音乐=a result that is surprising 2. v-ing形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的放在所修饰的名词之后名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语并且在意思上相当

10、于一个定语从句。如：从句。如：They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。他们住在一间面朝街的房子。The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anyb

11、ody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。 3. v-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in B

12、eijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。 sway swei vt.&vi. 摇摆，动摇摇摆，动摇 breeze bri:zn. 威风，和风威风，和风 二、二、v-ing

13、形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 1. v-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：强调一个过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站发现一个陌生人站在大门口。在大门口。 We found the snake eating the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。

14、I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。我发现地板上放着一个包。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。那老板让工人整夜地工作。 2. 能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：等。如： We saw a light

15、 burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning?As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.

16、I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。 2) 表示表示“致使致使”意义的动词，常见的有意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用等动词之后用-ing形形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher ma

17、king the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 （只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师 正在做实验）正在做实验） 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）

18、如果宾语补足语是瞬间动词，动词不定式如果宾语补足语是瞬间动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，短语表示一次动作， 而而-ing形式则表示反复动形式则表示反复动作。如：作。如： We heard the door slam. We heard the door slamming.( (反复动作反复动作) )( (一次动作一次动作) )4.当主句转换为被动结构时当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语原来作宾语补足语的动词的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：形式便转换为主语补足语。如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result is

19、 found very satisfying. 这个结果很令人满意。这个结果很令人满意。They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. We mustnt keep them waiting. = They mustnt be kept waiting. 三、三、v-ing形式作表语形式作表语 -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：份、性质或情况。如： Her

20、 hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。他对母亲的关爱很感人。 She was very pleasing in her appearance.Exercises Point out the usage of the ving form. 1. Do you find it funny to see someone

21、 sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? sliding, bumping, falling 短语短语 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 2. He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. using 作介词作介词for的的_ including作作_宾语宾语状语状语 3. But he was lived by all

22、 who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him. overcoming作作_介词宾语介词宾语 4. That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films. facing 作作_ 5. He loved it by using nonverbal humor. using 作作_定语定语介词宾语介词宾语

23、6. Their job is “panning for gold”. panning 作作_ 7. Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe. cutting, eating 作作_表语表语宾语宾语 Explain the following phrases in simple English.a sleeping baga sleeping boy a drinking cup a drinking horse A bag for sleepingA boy that is sleepingA cup fordri

24、nkingA horse that is drinkinga dancing halla dancing girl a cooking pot a moving storyA hall for dancingA girl that is dancingA pot for cooking A story that is movinga washing machineA terrifying soundan operating table an inspiring leader A machine for washingA sound that is terrifyingA table for o

25、peratingA leader who is inspiringastonish, depress， play, do, ride, amuse, bark, welcome Choose the suitable words from the box below and fill in the blanks in the correct form. 1. I cant imagine Billy _ a motorbike. riding 2. Did you hear the dog downstairs _ for most of the night? 3. Frank is very

26、 good at telling funny jokes. He can be very _. 4. You cant stop me _ what I want. 5. He gave me a _ hug when he met me at the airport. barkingamusingdoingwelcoming 6. Jim has really learnt very fast. She has made _ progress. 7. Its been raining all day. This weather is _. 8. When I came out of the

27、theatre, I noticed a group of children _ musical instruments across the street. astonishingdepressingplaying Please read the sentences carefully, trying to pick out the errors and then correct them. 1. I am looking forward to visit Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week. 2.Charlies job was

28、entertain people, wasnt he? visitingentertaining 3. Many people still enjoy seeing Charlie Chaplins silent films. 4. That cartoon picture shows Charlie Chaplin watch himself watching in a movie. 5. Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter. watchingburst 6. We are all fond o

29、f Charlies early films, which we think are more interested. 7. I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day. 8. I wouldnt mind to see The Gold Rush again with you tonight. interestingseeingseeing 用所给单词的正确形式填空。用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your tee

30、th. 2.Tell Mary that theres someone _ (wait) for her at the door.3.The _(smile ) waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”4.A phone call sent him _ (hurry ) to the hospital. runningwaitingsmilinghurrying5. Do you know the boy _ (lie) under the big tree? 6. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail

31、) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 7.There are lots of places of interest _ (need) to be repaired in our city.8.The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ (fly) in all directions before he was sent _ (sleep) by his wife.lyingsailingneedingflyingto sleep 9. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ (burn) but the door _(shut).10. As is known to us all, traveling is _ (interest), but we often feel _ (tire) when we are back from travels.11. The woman found it no good _ (giv