语法复习（主从复合句

1、 主主 从从 复复 合合 句句定语从句定语从句 （Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause）名词性从句（名词性从句（Noun ClauseNoun Clause）状语从句（状语从句（Adverbial ClauseAdverbial Clause）关系代词：关系代词：关系副词：关系副词：that （主、宾、表；可指人或物）（主、宾、表；可指人或物）which（主、宾、表、定；只指物（主、宾、表、定；只指物）who （主、宾；只指人）（主、宾；只指人）whom （宾；只指人（宾；只指人） whose（定；可指人或物（定；可指人或物） as （主、宾、表）（主、宾、

2、表） but（主、宾）（主、宾）when （时间状语）（时间状语）where （地点状语）（地点状语）why （原因状语）（原因状语）定语从句定语从句 （Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause）as的用法的用法:1. 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句, 其先行词多为整个主句其先行词多为整个主句; as位置位置比较灵活比较灵活, 可位于主句前或主句后，还可以插入主句中。可位于主句前或主句后，还可以插入主句中。Eg.) As we all know (=_ ), smoking does harm to health.=Smoking does harm

3、to health, as we all know.=Smoking, as we all know, does harm to health.= _ is known to all _ smoking does harm to health.As is known to allItthat2. 若先行词前有若先行词前有_ 作修饰语作修饰语, 通常用通常用as 作关系代词。作关系代词。Eg.) Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out. Last ter

4、m our maths teacher set so difficult an exam problem _ none of us worked it out. You should give the watch to Lily. This watch is the same _ she lost yesterday. Im going to buy the same watch _ he bought the other day. ( that; as; which; like )the same, so, suchasthatthatasit “介词介词+关系词关系词 ” 引导定语从引导定

5、语从句句:Eg.) The palace _ I often pay a visit dates from the 17th century. The students, most _ are from the north, are not used to the winter in Shanghai. We all stood on the top of the high building, _ we could see the whole city.A. to which B. from that C. from where D. which to whichof whom介词的选择介词的

6、选择: 一看先行词一看先行词; 二看与从句谓语动词的搭配二看与从句谓语动词的搭配; 三看整个句子的意思三看整个句子的意思.关系代词作定语：关系代词作定语： 例例: He wont want to eat it unless hes really hungry, in _ case hell eat almost anything. A. what B. that C. whose D. whichEg.) Tom spent four years in college, during _ time he learned French. I called him by the wrong nam

7、e, for _ mistake I should apologize.A mental patient is one _ mind is diseased.The students are working hard at English, _ _ _ _ is known to all. whichwhichwhosewhose importance importance/ the importance of which / of which the判断关系代词和关系副词判断关系代词和关系副词:Eg.) I still remember the day _ / _ _ we first me

8、t. Ill never forget the day _ we spent together. That is the reason _ he explained to us for his action. The reason _ / _ _ he was fired was _ ( because, that ) he was careless. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, _ is quiet and beautiful. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, _ there

9、are many plants.whenon which (that/which)(that/which)whyfor whichthatwhichwhereIs there a bus stop around which I can take a No. 3 bus?_whereEg.) You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (NMET 2004)A. why B. where C. what D. howwhere 用法知多少用法知多少: Where bees are, there i

10、s honey. ._ others are weak, he is strong. Its none of your business where I spend my vacation. 地点状语地点状语从句从句名词性从句名词性从句Ex.) Finally we reached _ was once an old temple _ the villagers used as a school. A. where; that B.what; where C. what; which D. there; whichWhere名词性从句（名词性从句（Noun ClauseNoun Clause）

11、 主语从句主语从句 （Subject Clause）表语从句表语从句 ( Predicative Clause) 宾语从句宾语从句 （Object Clause）同位语从句同位语从句 （Appositive Clause）Noun clause:1. We all have a firm belief that hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.2. Women are playing an important role in what used to be considered “mens territory”.3. Did i

12、t ever occur to you that we should move to a warm climate?4. Thats where a change is needed.that hard work canmake up for a lack of intelligence.whatused to be considered “mens territory”that we should move toa warm climatewhere a change is needed从句必须使用陈述从句必须使用陈述语序语序名词性从句中的名词性从句中的“that”Eg.) It happe

13、ned that it was raining heavily.I wish that she would understand me.The reason was that he felt unwell.The news that we have been invited to the conference is encouraging. (比较比较: The news that he heard is a rumor.)There is no doubt that he is an excellent scholar.Word came that he would arrive late.

14、同位语从句同位语从句:Eg.) He told me that he enjoyed his stay here and he wanted to settle down.We took it for granted the expenses would be low.I promised if anyone come to set me free, I would make him king over the earth.They told me once again this would never happen again.he never did such a thing I simp

15、ly cant believe.在名词性从句中在名词性从句中, 我们要掌握我们要掌握that的三个要点的三个要点: 1. 无词义无词义; 2. 在从句中不作任何成分在从句中不作任何成分; 3. 可省略或不可省略的情况。可省略或不可省略的情况。1. 在在_ 从句中从句中, that一般均不可以省略。一般均不可以省略。thatThatthatthatthat2. 在宾语从句中在宾语从句中主语、表语和同位语主语、表语和同位语, 在下列情况中在下列情况中that不可以省略：不可以省略：what从句的功能从句的功能:Eg.) I dont understand ( ) all he has said m

16、ean.( ) was once regarded impossible has become a reality.Our hometown is not ( ) it used to be. I have no idea ( ) we should do next.Years of hard work made her ( ) she is now.After years of hard work, she was made ( ) she is now.whatwhatWhatwhatwhatwhatOur hometown is not what it used to be.= Our

17、hometown is not the same _ it used to be.= Our hometown is different from _ it used to be.= Our hometown is not the one _ it used to be.aswhatthatwhat从句的功能从句的功能:Eg.) I dont understand ( ) all he has said mean.( ) was once regarded impossible has become a reality.Our hometown is not ( ) it used to be

18、. I have no idea ( ) we should do next.Years of hard work made her ( ) she is now.After years of hard work, she was made ( ) she is now.whatwhatWhatwhatwhatwhatEx.)The small mountain village _ we spent our holiday last month lies in _ is now part of Hubei.A. which; where B. where; what C. that;which

19、 注意注意: 1. 在很多情况下在很多情况下, what不能简单地译为不能简单地译为“什么什么”, 应根据具体语境应根据具体语境, 具体理解。具体理解。 2. what 和和whatever引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别: what可以表示可以表示the thing(s) 等特指含义等特指含义; 而而whatever相当于相当于anything that, 强调强调 “无论什么无论什么” 。 Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.Eg.) Are you still thinking abo

20、ut yesterdays game? Oh, thats _ makes me feel excited. whateverwhatHoweverno matter + wh-/ how 与与 wh-ever/however的区别的区别:Eg.) No matter who knocks, dont open the door. No matter how hot it is, he will not take off his coat. Ill just say whatever comes to my mind. Whatever (= What ever ) are you doing

21、 there?Whoever状语从句（状语从句（Adverbial ClauseAdverbial Clause）时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句 when, while, as ; the moment/minute/instant; immediately/directly/instantly; hardly/scarcely when; no soonerthanbefore, af

22、ter;until/till, notuntil;as soon asevery/each/any/next/last time/the first timeonce, since地点状语从句地点状语从句 原因状语从句原因状语从句where, whereverbecause, since, as; now (that), in that, seeing (that)方式状语从句方式状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句 目的状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句as; as if, as thoughso/such that ; such tha

23、t ;so thatin order that, so that, for fear that, lest, in caseif, unless; in case; as/ so long as; on condition that; provided/providing; supposing/suppose; given; when, whilealthough, though; no matter +wh-/how, wh-ever/however; even if, even though; when, while，whether; than, asalthough/ as /thoug

24、h的用法的用法:Which of the following is right? _A. A child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.B. Child as he is, but he can tell right from wrong.C. Child though he is, yet he can tell right from wrong.D. Child although he is, he can tell right from wrong._ (尽管我很喜欢它尽管我很喜欢它), I will not buy the dress._

25、 (尽管他会尝试尽管他会尝试), he might fail again.Much as / though I like itTry as/though he wouldsince的用法的用法: Arent you a college student? _. Its two years since I was at college.A. No, I am B. Yes, I am C. No, Im not D. Yes, Im notuntil & not untilEg.) It was until last year that he _.A. came to realize th

26、e importance of learning EnglishB. worked as a physics teacher at a middle schoolC. set out to build a new house of his ownD. left his hometown for a new startA friend is never known until needed.一词多译的一词多译的“before”:Eg.) All things are difficult before they are easy.It was a long time before I got to

27、 sleep again.It wont be long before we meet again.She had struggled to her feet before I ran over to her.Lock your bike before it gets stolen.I would shoot myself before I apologized to her.when 的典型用法的典型用法:Eg.) When I called on her, she was playing the piano.2. 常用于常用于be doing / be (just) about to do