完整高中英语时态和语态复习学案

1、时态和语态一、时态(注意部分时态常考白一些特有用法)1. 一般现在时主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。Ifyoudon'tattendJane'sweddingtomorrow,norwillI.2. 一般过去时易与完成时混淆ZhangYong,whostudiedinAmericafor3years,nowistheCEOofacompanyinShanghai.HehasstudiedinBeijingUniversityfor4yearsandnowisgoingabroadforfurthereducation.3. 一般将来时除了有shall/willdo的形式

2、外，还有以下形式构成将来时：(1) begoingtodo表示计划、意图。Thereisgoingtobeanimportantmeetingtomorrow.(2) beabouttodo不与具体的时间连用。或构成句型“beabouttodo-.when./,Pleasegeteverythingready.Theexperimentisabouttostart.Wewereabouttogotobedwhentherewasaknockatthedoor.betodo表示按计划、官方决定、命令、注定要发生等，可与具体时间连用，ThePrimeMinisteristospeakontelev

3、isiontonight.4 .现在进行时(1) go,come,leave,get,start,arrive,fly等词常用进行时表示将来。HeisleavingforBeijingnextmonth.(2)与always,constantly,forever等频率副词连用，表示赞赏、埋怨等情绪。Sheisalwaysborrowingmoneyandforgettingtopaymeback.5 .过去进行时高考题考查过去进行时，经常不出现过去的某一时间作为提示，而是要求根据上下文情景，判断出是在过去的某一时刻发生的事情。Whatdidyousayjustnow?刚才你说什么?Oh,you

4、weren'tlisteningtome!噢，你刚才(我说话时)没在听我说！Whydidn'tyouanswermycalllastnight?昨晚你为什么不接我的电话？Iwashavingabath.(你打电话时)我正在洗澡。6 .现在完成时常见模式Havedone？已经了吗(完成时)？Yes,did.(when/where/how).是的，是在何时、何地、以何种方式做的(过去时)。例如：Haveyouseenthefilm?Yes,Isawitlastweekwithmybrother.(2) Havedone-?已经了吗(完成时)？No,-wasdoing/haddone

5、-.还没有，因为当时正在/已经(相应的过去时态)”例如：HaveyoutalkedwithMrSmith?No,hewastalkingwiththestudentswhenIarrived.Haveyoumetyouroldfriend?No,hehadleftwhenIarrivedattheairport.(3) Havedone-?已经了吗(完成时)？No,begoingto/willdo.还没有，打算/马上去做.例如：Haveyouwateredtheflowers?Oh,Iforgotit!Iwilldoitrightnow.(4)含有since的句子：主句常用现在完成时，sinc

6、e之后的从句常用过去时。Ihaveneverseenhimsincehelefthishometown.(5) 句型Itisthefirsttime(that)sbhave/hasdone.Itwasthefirsttime(that)sbhaddone.Itisthesecondtimethathehasaskedhertomarryhim.(6) 口语中havegot常等于have,因此，havegotto等于haveto。I'vegotanicepen.We'vegottofinishtheworktonight.(7) 去完成时(1) 一定要有“过去的时间”作参照，“过

7、去的过去”才能用过去完成时。Ihadlearned4000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.Nosoonerhadweleftthehousethanitbegantorain.(2) 表示意向的动词，如hope,expect,intend,mean,suppose,plan,think等词，用过去完成时表示“原本打算(未能实现)”Ihadmeanttohelpher,butIwastoobusy.(3) by+过去时间，用过去完成时Wehadlearned2500Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.8 .现在完成进行时表示“现在之前一

8、直持续不断的状况，可能已经停止，也有可能继续持续下去。”Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.Iamtired.Ihavebeenpaintingthelivingroomallday.Ihavewrittenaletter.(表示已经写完)Ihavebeenwritingaletter.(表示还在写)9 .将来进行时表示将来的某个时刻会发生的事情。高考题中，或者出现将来的某一时间作为提示，或者要求根据上下文情景，判断出是在将来的某一时刻发生的事情。Iwillbewaitingforyouattherestaurantthistimetomorrow.二、语态1 .英语动词有主动语态和被

9、动语态.不及物动词和词组无被动语态。被动语态的结构是bedone,有人称、单复数和时态的变化，体现在be动词上2 .动词+介词或副词构成的词组，要作为一个整体，不可漏掉介词或副词，尤其易出现在改错题型。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.3 .有些词即是及物动词又是不及物动词，如sell,wash,read,open,hang,write等，如果这些动词涉及到人的动作，就用作及物动词；如果表示主语内在品质和性能，与well,badly,easily等副词连用时，是不及物动词，用主动。Thebook

10、sellswell.Thebooksweresoldoutquickly.Thedoorwon'topen.Whocanhelpmeopenthedoor?4 .不及物动词和词组没有被动语态。如betoblame,takeplace,breakout,belongto,consistof,comeintobeing,appear,disappear,remain等。Thefirebrokeoutinthebuilding.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthe21stcentury.5 .get+done也可用于表示被动，强调动作的结果Hegotcaughtby

11、thepolicedrivingat80kilometersperhourthroughCambridge.动词时态的考察尤其注重联系上下文语境，题干中的提示信息由外显型(如时间状语、副词提示词等)转向隐藏型，因此，读懂上下文，分析语境，找出尽量多的隐藏信息，是做好时态题的关键。做题思路：根据题干提供的信息，Step1识别动词是主动还是被动Step2判别发生在现在、过去还是将来Step3根据具体情景确定一般、进行、完成或是完成进行。1. -Thefoodhereisniceenough.-Myfriendtomearightplace.A.introducesB.introducedC.had

12、introducedD.wasintroducing2. -Annisinhospital.-Oh,really?Iknow.Igoandvisither.A.didn't;amgoingtoB.don't;wouldC.don't;willD.didn't;will3. Excuseme,Marcia,areporterfromVanityFairallday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?A.phonesB.hadphonedC.hasbeenphoningD.phoned4. Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shak

13、espearehischaracterslivethroughtheirlanguageinhisplays.A.willmakeB.hadmadeC.wasmakingD.makes5. -YouspeakverygoodFrench!-Thanks.IFrenchinSichuanUniversityforfouryears.A.studiedB.studyC.wasstudyingD.hadstudied6. Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow,“Grannyusedtosay.becauseeverystep.”A.showsB.isshowingC.hasshows

14、D.showed7. Johnwasgiventhesamesuitcasehisfatherandgrandfatherwiththemtoschool.A.tookB.hadtakenC.weretakingD.wouldtake8. WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimeweup,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.A.werehangingB.hadhungC.hungD.wouldhang9. Shestaredatthepainting,wonderingwheresheit.A.

15、sawB.hasbeenC.seesD.hadseen10. -Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?-It'sfantastic.TheonlypityisthatIthebeginningofit.A.missedB.hadmissedC.missD.wouldmiss11. Thisisthefirsttimeweafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen12. IknowalittlebitaboutItalyasmywifeandIthereseveralyearsago.A.ar

16、egoingB.hadbeenC.wentD.havebeen13. -Isthereanythingwrong,Bob?Youlooksad.-Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,Iofmyfriendsbackhome.A.havejustthoughtB.wasjustthinkingC.wouldjustthinkD.willjustbethinking14. -Tom,youdidntcometothepartylastnight?-1_,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.A.hadtoB.didn'tC.wasgoingt

17、oD.wouldn't15. Ihadbeenworkingonmathforthewholeafternoonandthenumbersbeforemyeyes.A.swimB.swamC.swumD.hadswum16. Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstancesinthepastyears.A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered17. Theybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen,theyt

18、oeachotherfornearlytwoyears.A.didn'tspeakB.hadn'tspokenC.haven'tspokenD.haven'tbeenspeaking18. -HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?Justfilloutthisformandwewhatwecandoforyou.A.seeB.areseeingC.haveseenD.willsee19. IfNewtonlivedtoday,hewouldbesurprisedbywhatinscienceandtechnology.A.haddiscov

19、eredB.hadbeendiscovered20. Jackboughtanewmobilephonetheotherday.A.HadheB.Didhe21. Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit.A.hasruinedB.hadruined22. -Itwasverykindofyoutogivemealifthome.C.hasdiscoveredD.hasbeendiscovered-?That'shisthirdoneinjustonemonth.C.DoesheD.HasheC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruined-Oh,dontm

20、entionitI._pastyourhouseanyway.A.wascomingB.willcomeC.hadcome23. IsawJaneandherboyfriendintheparkateightyesterdayevening.-Impossible.SheTVwithmeinmyhomethen.A.watchedB.hadwatchedC.wouldwatch24. Dannyhardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.havecomeD.waswatchingD.w

21、orked25. -Ouch!Youhurtme!-1amsorry.ButIanyharm.Itodrivearatout.A.didn'tmean;triedB.don'tmean;amtryingC.haven'tmeant;triedD.didn'tmeanawtrying26. CathyistakingnotesofthegrammarrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,wheresheEnglishforayear.A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying27. Atthe

22、endofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement.A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreached28. -youhimaroundthemuseumyet?-Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.HaveshownB.DoshowC.HadshownD.Didshow29. -1havegotaheadache.-Nowonder.Youinfrontofthatcomputertoolong.A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.wo

23、rked30. -Didyouseeamaninblackpassbyjustnow?-No,sir.Ianewspaper.A.readB.wasreadingC.wouldreadD.amreading31. Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,peoplenottotouchanyunattendedbag.A.hadalwaysbeenwarnedB.werealwaysbeingwarnedC.arealwayswarningD.alwayswarned32. MyparentsinHongKong.Theywerebornthere

24、andhaveneverlivedanywhereelse.A.liveB.livedC.werelivingD.willlive33. -Alvin,areyoucomingwithus?-I'dloveto,butsomethingunexpected.A.hascomeupB.wascomingupC.hadcomeupD.wouldcomeup34. -Ididn'taskforthenamelist.Whyonmydesk?-1putittherejustnowincaseyouneededit.A.doesitlandB.willitlandC.hasitlandedD.haditlanded35. BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonfromcollege.A.hasgraduatedB.hadgraduatedC.hadbeengraduatedD.graduated36. -Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.Yes,itusawholeweektogetthere.A.takesB.wastakingC.hastakenD.