外文翻译智能断路器电路的预报和预警系统的研究

1、Intelligent circuit breaker forecasting and rewarding system researchAbstractThis paper describes an intelligent circuit breaker software and hardware design, real-time multi-task alarm system will be introduced into circuit breaker monitoring and control, to the timely opening and timely alarm. Acc

2、ording to the different impact parameters, the different alarm information was given, increasing the protection and alerts function of the circuit. 1 IntroductionIn recent years, the IEEE Sub-committee of power system reliability had made an investigation on the reliability of low-voltage circuit br

3、eakers, the investigation report only pointed out that the main failure mode of circuit breaker is debugging inaccurate of short-circuit protection, but not proposing the solutions. And the reliability of circuit breaker operation is very prominent. In 1986, the IEEE switching equipment technical co

4、mmittee had set up a new reliability working group of circuit breaker, which pointed out that operation failure (mechanical failure) was the main reason for a circuit breaker failure. Thus increasing prediction design is very necessary in the circuit breaker virtual designed. The using number of cir

5、cuit breakers increasing year by year, the market capacity of online monitoring products is also expanding. Although such equipment in the installation, commissioning, equipment reliability and so on, there are still many problems, but these problems can be improved and solved through technology. Ac

6、cording to market research analysis, the prices of domestic on-line monitoring products are in the following 200,000. In 2002, statistical data shows that the potential market capacity of currently on-line monitoring is 500 million Yuan, the actual market capacity only 0.10 million. In these circums

7、tances, the on-line monitoring market capacities of the circuit breaker are relatively larger in the current development.China's industrial Ethernet overall level is not high, low-voltage distribution industries need to do a lot of research and development work in intelligence and network, in or

8、der to raise the intelligent level of domestic low-voltage electrical, to learn the world's most advanced industrial Ethernet technology, and solve the real problem. In order to improve reliability, the warning systems of circuit breaker are proposed, before the electrical equipment failures, pr

9、edicting to users. The subject are completed equipment research and development by using embedded systems, followed MODBUS / TCP industrial Ethernet protocol, and the basic function is a real-time scanning and alarm, error-correcting functions, and hung activated, self-diagnosis, e.g. Additional fun

10、ctions: to realize protocol conversion between Ethernet network and industrial on-line bus. 2 Forecasting and Early Warning System 2.1 System Architecture Design Although the circuit breaker itself cost than the cost of other equipment is much lower, such as generators, transformers, but the event o

11、f an accident, resulting the loss is much larger than the circuit breaker itself value, so the reliability of their work must be take notice. On the current development state, the majority of domestic substation electrical equipment still accorded to the requiring of electrical equipment preventive

12、test order, periodically going on preventive tests. The test project and cycle of circuit breakers oil and SF6 gas were strict requirement, more test projects, the need for a relatively long period of stop power, affecting the users normal electricity; Moreover, the preventive tests that imposed on

13、the test voltage are relatively low, and the difference between the actual operation is large, and difficult to reflect the real operation process of circuit breaker.Accordance with circuit breaker need to provide electrical power system protection, prediction and real-time multi-tasking system are

14、put forward, the system can analysis, monitoring and alarm to the operation of the circuit breaker. System architecture is seen as Fig.1. 2.2 Real-time multi-tasking operating system C/OS- is a small core of embedded real-time operating system, the entire code can be divided into core layer and tran

15、splantation layer, thus easier to transplant. It uses Preemptive scheduling strategy to ensure the real-time task; be able to manage up to 64 tasks; provide mail, message queues, semaphores, memory management, time management, and other system services. At the same time, it is an open-source generat

16、ion code, which makes the system upgrades and future maintenance are very convenient. C/OS - core using standard C language code to prepare, the code can be easy to transplant to a variety of microprocessor.After the operating system ported to the device, in combination with the device achieved func

17、tions, the above functions will be distributed to the four works to achieve, namely to protect mission, communications tasks, mission control and display tasks. The applications procedure establish various tasks in the operating system, allocating each task different priority level, the operating sy

18、stem dynamic schedule tasks according to the priority and achieve all the functionality of devices. For all tasks, in a moment, there is only one running task. Tasks of the four kinds of state converse based on certain conditions. The state conversion is seen as Fig.2.In the system, the various func

19、tions can be divided into different priority task, through real-time operating system to achieve the regulation management of all tasks, in the single task, solving difficult to deal with and real-time poor problems, that also can enhance system reliability. 3 System hardware and software designIn e

20、lectrical intelligent: real-time performance is the key point, using the high-speed 32-bit ARM 7 TDMI microprocessor as the CPU system, the larger expansion of FLASH program storage space, the high-speed SDRAM as running space, while embedded source code open CDOS-II unified management application p

21、rocess, and allocation tasks priority, so that high-speed data communication network have no congestion. 3.1 Condition monitoring and alarm Condition monitoring refers to understand and master the operational status of equipment, including the use of test, measurement, monitoring, analysis and discr

22、imination, with the system's history and current situation, and consideration environmental factors that assess the operation state of switching equipment, judgments its in normal or non-normal conditions, and displaying and recording the status, alarming the unusual circumstances, which operati

23、ng personnel can be dealt with promptly, and switching equipment failure analysis, performance assessment, the reasonably using of provision information and preparing basis data. Switching equipment state usually can be divided into hardware fault and software fault. Software fault is that the softw

24、are itself may be problem, but also may be caused by improper operation or may be caused by system mistakes. Hardware failures are caused by the circuit breaker itself. According to the switching equipment the severity of the fault condition, hardware failures are divided into the minor hardware fai

25、lure and serious hardware failures. The slight hardware failures are the general fault that the circuit breaker state signal will definitely be changes and equipment performance has been deterioration, but can still barely able to maintain operation. Serious hardware failures are the unexpected emer

26、gencies that circuit breakers can not run down; leading to the devastating disaster fault, as well as the moment breakdown for some reason.Its basic principle is the circuit breaker in functioning condition, using all kinds of the measurement tool to monitor its working current, voltage, and other p

27、arameters. Adoption sensors will be measured signals, extracted electric and non-electric signals, and converted into the standard form signals that measuring devices can detect signal, inputting digital signal acquisition devices, through the A / D converter, then the corresponding data analysis an

28、d feature extraction can be executed.According to the detection the fault state of system, diagnosing circuit breaker what should be done. When the monitoring is the software failure, the software changes. When the monitoring is a slight hardware failure, according to the need, circuit breakers can

29、be continued to use, or opening the standby circuit. When the monitoring is a serious hardware failure, which directly open the standby circuit breaker and repair or replacement the circuit. According to the monitoring hardware failure type, the different alarm measure can be used, the indicator lig

30、ht means light-hardware failure, when a serious hardware failure, the ringing form can be used. Hardware failure alarm circuit is seen as Fig.3. When the monitoring that is slight hardware failure, BG2, BG3 works and bright lights. When the monitoring that is a serious hardware failure, BG2, BG3 sto

31、ps working, BG4 work, alarm and bell. 3.2 Self-diagnosis task scheduling algorithm Regular monitoring the circuit breaker, and the need of considering the following major impact parameters. (1) Monitoring circuit breaker current and voltage of open and break. (2) Monitoring the distance and speed of

32、 contact characteristic. (3) Monitoring circuit breaker open and break time, temperature index, and arcing time, e.g. this volume indirectly reflects the operation state of the circuit breaker. (4) Monitoring the transformation state of circuit breaker. (5) Monitoring the movement state of circuit b

33、reaker, understanding the action situation and the working condition is good.(6) Monitoring Closing bouncing and rebound. That is, monitoring circuit breaker the mechanical vibration situation. According to the different role of the circuit breaker impact parameters, priority order grow from small t

34、o large by impact parameters. Minimum priority 1 is the monitoring circuit breaker open and breaks current and voltage, the biggest priority 6 is the monitoring circuit breaker open and breaks time. Priority data is small, the priority is higher. The monitoring parameters priority of Real-time multi

35、-tasking system shown is seen as Tab.1. Because of different priorities, the algorithm time complexity changes from O (nk) to O (kn), k is the number of circuit breakers impact parameter, that is, k is 6. Reducing time complexity shows that introduction priority setting circuit breaker impact parame

36、ters is effective. 4. Conclusions In sum, low-voltage circuit breaker on-line monitoring system assess and diagnose the running Circuit Breaker, provided targeted maintenance recommendations, preventing accidents occurred, and optimizing operation of circuit breakers, improving their life. From a te

37、chnical perspective, it is extremely necessary for ensuring the reliability of the power system and the promoting scientific and technological progress of electrical equipment industry that have a significant role, and having a broad application prospects.This research was sponsored by the National

38、Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under the Grants No. E2006001037. 智能断路器电路的预报和预警系统的研究摘要本文介绍的智能断路器的软件和硬件设计，实时多任务报警系统就会被引入断路器电路的监测和控制，及时开放和及时报警。根据不同参数的影响，获得不同的报警信息，越来越多的保护和警报功能的电路。1 导言近年来，在电力系统可靠性方面的电气电子工程师学会小组委员会取得了低压断路器可靠性的研究，调查报告仅仅指出断路器的主要故障模式是调试不准确的短路保护，但没有提出解决办法。和断路器可靠性的操作非常突出。1986年，在

39、电气和电子工程师协会开关设备技术委员会已成立了断路器的一个新的可靠性工作组，其中指出，操作失败（机械故障）的主要原因是断路器失灵。从而断路器虚拟设计中提高预报的设计是非常必要的。使用断路开关的数量逐年增长，在线监测的产品的市场容量也不断扩大。虽然这些设备的安装，调试，设备的可靠性等，但是还存在不少问题，但这些问题通过技术可以得到改善和解决。据市场研究分析，国内的在线监测的产品的价格是在20万以下。2002年，统计数据表明，在线监测的潜在的市场容量是500万元，实际的市场容量只有0.10亿美元。在这种情况下，断路器的在线监测市场能力是相对较大的发展。中国的以太网工业总体水平不高，低压配电行业的需

40、要在情报和网络方面做了大量的研究和发展工作，为了提高国内低压电器的智能水平，学习世界上最先进的以太网工业技术，和解决实际问题。为了提高可靠性，在电力设备故障之前，该断路器的预警系统被提出，预测用户。利用嵌入式系统设备的研究和开发的问题已经完成，随着Modbus/TCP以太网的协议，和基本功能是一种实时扫描和报警，如纠错功能，激活中止程序，自我诊断。附加功能：实现转换协议的以太网和工业在线总线。2 预报和预警系统设计2.1 系统架构设计虽然断路器本身的成本的费用比以其他设备低得多，如发电机，变压器，但一旦发生事故，造成的损失要远远大于断路器本身的价值，其工作的可靠性必须通知。就目前的发展状态，大

41、多数国内变电站电气设备仍然给予电气设备预防性试验秩序的要求，进行预防性试验。试验项目和断路器的油和SF6气体被严格的要求，更多的测试项目，停止电力需要有一个相对较长的时间，而影响用户的正常供电; 此外，测试电压相对较低的预防性试验，和实际操作之间的差异很大，和难以反映断路器的实际运行过程。申请程序应用层全部层硬件多任务的操作系统驱动层图1 系统架构断路器提供电力系统的保护相一致，预测和实时多任务的操作系统被提出了，该系统可以分析，运作断路器的操作是监测和报警。系统架构如图1。2.2 实时多任务操作系统C/OS是一个嵌入式实时操作系统的小核心，整个代码可分为核心层和迁移层，从而更容易转移。它使用

42、抢占调度策略以确保实时任务; 能够管理多达64个任务; 提供电子邮件，消息整列，信号量，内存管理，时间管理，和其他系统服务。与此同时，它是一种开源代码，它使得未来的系统升级和维护都非常方便。C/OS使用标准的C语言代码编写，该代码可以很容易转移到不同的微处理器。在作业系统移植到该设备，与装置实现功能的结合，上述职能将分配给4个工程以实现，即保护任务，通信任务，飞行任务控制和显示任务。在操作系统中应用程序建立各项任务，分配给每个任务不同的优先级，操作系统的动态任务日程安排根据优先事项和实现的所有设备的功能的。所有的任务，在一个时刻，只有一个运行的任务。逆向状态的四种类型的任务基于某些条件。该种的转换如图2。休眠操作中断准备等待或挂起图2任务状态转换图该系统的各项功能可分为不同的优先任务，通过实时操作系统，以实现各项任务的规范化管理，在单一的任务，解决困难，处理和实时不良的问题，这也可以提高系统的可靠性。3系统硬件和软件设计电气智能：实时性能是关键点，采用高速32位ARM 7 TDMI微处理器的CPU系统，扩展更大的闪存程序存储空间，高速内存运行空间，